Max Aub, crítico e historiador literario

Fundamentado en las semejanzas y diferencias de las consideraciones sobre los autores que se dan en Discurso de la novela española contemporánea y en La prosa española del siglo XIX, este estudio señala la poética del realismo planteada por Max Aub en sus estudios críticos y en sus textos de ficción, modalidades que conviven en su prolífica obra. Se destaca que su contribución al estudio de la literatura española y mexicana es sobresaliente tanto por su enfoque socio-histórico, como por su perspectiva, que no intenta hacer una "historia" de la literatura sino relacionar los procesos de creación que se suceden en el tiempo con la Historia y sus avatares. El autor, que en sus años juveniles había militado en las vanguardias, se decantó, a partir de la guerra civil, por la escritura realista y, como no podía ser menos, su punto de mira estuvo en Galdós. Cuando se remonte en La prosa española a los albores del siglo XIX y vuelva a hacer un recorrido similar a éste para abordar al punto donde empieza el discurso, el análisis del proceso evolutivo de la novela española le reafirmará en su idea de la inevitabilidad del realismo, como único camino por esta "ley española". Los ensayos críticos de Aub refiriéndose a otros autores son, en suma, inseparables de sus personales ideas y cuitas acerca de la teoría y la praxis literaria.

Tomas Lopez's Geographic Atlas of Spain in the Peninsular War: A methodology for determining errors

During the Peninsular War, Napoleon's and Wellington's armies were aware of the lack of precision in the maps of Spain and its provinces that appeared in Tomas Lopez \s Geographical Atlas of Spain. The errors were due to the non-topographical surveying method he used which he had learned from his teacher Jean Baptiste Bourguignon D 'Anville. To map all of the Spanish provinces, Tomas Lopez divided them into circles of three leagues in diameter (16,718 m), taking a particular town as the centre. He asked the town's priest to draw a map of the territory and to complete a questionnaire that Tomas Lopez sent to him. The priest was to return the two documents after he had completed them. Subsequently, at his desk, Tomas Lopez used the maps and reports as well as other graphic and written sources from various locations to make an outline of each map. Next, he made a mosaic that served as a pattern for drawing the final provincial map. We will see the way that this method was applied in two concrete cases: the villages ofChavaler and Monteagudo, situated in the Spanish province of Soria, and verify their degree of accuracy. We will use the maps drawn by the priests in 1767, the final map of the province which was published in 1804 by Tomás López, and a current map of the province showing the angular and linear errors in Lopez \s map.

Narrative of the voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley during the years 1846-50, including discoveries and surveys in New Guinea, the Louisiade Archipelago, etc : to which is added Mr. E.B. Kennedy's expedition for the exploration of the Cape York Peninsula / by John Macgillivray.

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Catharine Waugh McCullouch papers in the Mary Earhart Dillon collection, 1869-1945

Collection primarily documents McCulloch's research on women's legal status, and her work with the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and the League of Women Voters. There is also documentation of women in the legal profession, of McCulloch's friendships with the other women suffragists and lawyers, and some biographical material. The papers contain little information about her family or social life.

South & Southeast Asia, 1846 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: India and countries adjacent : to accompany Symond's Introduction to the geography of India, G.W. Mahon 1846 ; J. Sinclair, del. It was published by R. Twigg in 1847. Scale [ca. 1:8,750,000]. Covers portions of South and Southeast Asia and China. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Miller Cylindrical projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, the Great Wall of China, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Battles of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, 1848 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Battles of Mexico : survey of the line of operations of the U.S. Army, under command of Major General Winfield Scott, on the 19th & 20th August & on the 8th, 12th & 13th September, 1847, made by Maj. Turnbull, Capt. McClellan & Lieut. Hardcastle, Topl. Engs. ; drawn by Capt. McClellan. It was published by C.B. Graham in 1848. Scale [ca. 1:31,680]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 14N, meters, WGS 1984) projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, built-up areas, selected buildings with names of landowners, drainage, canals, troop disposition, movements, and lines of defenses, fortifications, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures and pictorially. Includes positions and numbers of troops, and casualty statistics for the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, and Chapultepec, and inset: Part of the Valley of Mexico. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Maryland, West Virginia & Virginia : Civil War Telegram Map, 1862 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map: War telegram marking map. It was published by L. Prang & Co. in 1862. Scale [ca. 1:490,000]. Covers portions of Maryland, West Virginia, the District of Columbia, and eastern Virginia. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (WGS 1984 UTM Zone 18N). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, selected points of military interest, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes text: "Explanations.The extraordinary large scale on which this map is drawn has been adopted to make it just what we designed it to be, namely 1st. The most distinct map ever published of the whole Virginia territory, where the decisive battles for the Union will be fought. 2nd. A marking map, that is a map to mark the change of positions of the Union forces in red pencil and the rebel forces in blue, on the receipt of every telegram from the seat of war..." This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of the Civil War from the Harvard Map Collection. Many items from this selection are from a collection of maps deposited by the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Commandery of the State of Massachusetts (MOLLUS) in the Harvard Map Collection in 1938. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features, in particular showing places of military importance. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

War of Austrian Succession, Genoa Region, Italy, 1747 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte géometrique de la ville et des environs de Gene : ou on voit l'expedition des Imperiaux et Piemontois contre le Genois et leurs alliez avec les differents postes, retranchements, attaques, déffenses, et mouvements de deux parties, le tout deßine sur le lieux, et de la maniere la plus exacte dans l'année 1747. It was published in 1747. Scale [ca. 1:38,980]. Covers the Genoa region, Italy. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'European Datum 1950 UTM Zone 32N' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This map shows features such as towns and villages, roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, fortification and defenses, places of military interest related to the War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes index.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Rome, Italy, 1846 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Pianta topografica di Roma, disegnata ed incisa Giacinata Vedova Piale. It was published by Giacinta Vedova Piale in 1846. Scale [ca. 1:6,000]. Covers Rome, Italy and Vatican City. Map in Italian. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the "European Datum 1950 UTM Zone 33N" coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This map shows features such as roads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, walls, gates, fortification, ground cover, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes notes, indexes, illustrations, and inset: Pianta della compagna Romana e sua vicinanze.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Boston, Massachusetts, 1846 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan of Boston comprising a part of Charlestown and Cambridge, published by George G. Smith, engraver, 1846. Scale [ca. 1:7,310]. Covers Boston proper (Shawmut Peninsula and Boston Neck) with small portions of Charlestown, Cambridge, and South Boston. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, wharves, drainage, churches, schools, selected public buildings, parks, cemeteries, city ward boundaries and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes insets: Plan of South Boston from a drawing by S.P. Fuller. Scale [ca. 1:17,600] -- Plan of East Boston from actual survey by R.H. Eddy. Scale [ca. 1:17,000]. Includes also indexes to points of interest and streets. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts, 1848 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan of the city of Charlestown, by Felton & Parker [and] Ebenr. Barker. It was published by J.H. Bufford's Lithogy. in 1848. Scale [1:4,800]. Covers the populated place Charlestown (Boston, Massachusetts) and also parts of Somerville, Cambridge, Boston, and East Boston. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, wharves, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, city ward boundaries and more. It also includes an index to points of interest. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Methuen (including part of Lawrence), Massachusetts, 1846 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Methuen, Mass., surveyed and drawn by James K. Barker. It was published by N. Dearborn in 1846. Scale [1:17,280]. Covers the town of Methuen and a portion of Lawrence. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), selected private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries and more. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Boston, Massachusetts and vicinity, showing Revolutionary War fortification sites, 1788 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Boston with its environs, [by] T. Conder, sculpt. The map was originally published in: William Gordon's The history of the rise, progress, and establishment, of the independence of the United States of America, 1788. Scale [ca. 1:53,360]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows Revolutionary War features such as positions of troops, redoubts, batteries, and forts, etc. It also shows features such as roads, drainage, selected public buildings and residences, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Weymouth, Massachusetts, 1848 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper manuscript map entitled: Map of the town of Weymouth, Mass., [by] P.S. Lincoln, Mar. 3rd, 1848. Scale [1:19,800]. Manuscript: pen-and-ink on paper. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, private residences, town boundaries and more. Relief is shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

Algeria, 1846 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de l'Algérie : divisée par tribus, par mm. E. Carette et Augte. Warnier, membres de la Commission Scientifique de l'Algérie. It was published by Institut géographique national in 1846. Scale 1:1,000,000. Covers northern part of Algeria and portions of Tunisia and Morocco. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads adn routes, administrative and territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Includes notes on native populations and inset of Mediterranean Sea region. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.