344 resultados para Masculinity
Resumo:
Färg och form kan bidra till att skapa uppmärksamhet, förmedla budskap och skapa känslor som i sin tur kan öka sannolikheten av att kunden genomför köpet. Förpackningens färg och form bör synkronisera för att budskapen inte ska motsäga varandra, och det är mycket viktigt att designen lämpar sig till målgruppen. Färg kan ses som ett språk som kommunicerar med konsumenten, och att förstå detta språk kan vara ett starkt redskap inom marknadsföring och design. Det är vanligt att förpackningsdesign riktas mot något eller bägge könen och att ge produkten en karaktär av maskulint eller feminint kan vara ett effektivt tillvägagångssätt att särskilja produkten från resterande sortiment. I samband med färg och form är det nödvändigt att förstå konsumentens behov samt användning av produkten, och det är viktigt att skapa en god design riktad mot rätt målgrupp. Det är viktigt att förstå vad konsumenten attraheras till och vad som lockar till att genomföra ett köp. Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på varför förpackningsdesign för duschcreme specificerade för kvinnor respektive män skiljer sig, och vad som anses vara kvinnligt och manligt när det kommer till färg och form, i samband med duschcremesförpackningar. För att ta reda på detta genomfördes en visuell innehållsanalys samt en enkätundersökning. Resultatet som genererades av dessa metoder sammanfattades i tabeller och diagram, som tydligt visar de färger som anses vara maskulina samt feminina. Mörka färger, som svart och blått, anses vara maskulina medan ljusa färger och rosa toner anses vara feminina. Mjuka grafiska element och former kopplas till femininitet medan motsatsen kopplas till maskulinitet. Slutsatsen av detta är att anledningen till att förpackningarna skiljer sig är för att lättare kommunicera med målgruppen, och i detta fall via färg och form.
Resumo:
This study aimed to explore adolescent boys’ views of masculinity and emotion management and their potential effects on well-being. Interviews with 33 adolescent boys aged 16–17 years in Sweden were analysed using grounded theory. We found two main categories of masculine conceptions in adolescent boys: gender-normative masculinity with emphasis on group-based values, and non-gender-normative masculinity based on personal values. Gender-normative masculinity comprised two seemingly opposite emotional masculinity orientations, one towards toughness and the other towards sensitivity, both of which were highly influenced by contextual and situational group norms and demands, despite their expressions contrasting each other. Non-gender-normative masculinity included an orientation towards sincerity emphasising the personal values of the boys; emotions were expressed more independently of peer group norms. Our findings suggest that different masculinities and the expression of emotions are strongly intertwined and that managing emotions is vital for well-being.
Resumo:
The love of cariocas for the city of Rio de Janeiro is widely known. As well as the cariocas, there is another social group, called tijucanos, which the love for the neighborhood is peculiar. The Tijuca zone, known by its tradition and development during the 60¿s, due to his local identity ¿ tijucana, definitely deserves prominence in the ¿wonderful city¿. The people of Tijuca can be known as a ¿personality¿ in Rio, and their habits of consumption seldom exceed the area¿s limits. Enclosure of histories and special characteristics, how to be a tijucano, an adjective that people of Tijuca are proud of, is one of the focus of this present study. To be an unconditional tijucano, who loves to walk around in the neighborhood, in the square, enjoy their lives in famous bars, ended up as a peculiarity in the carioca scenario, together with the people of Ipanema, Barra and many others, that together make Rio de Janeiro a unique city. In spite of the increasing visibility, there are few studies trying to understand the way heterosexual men interact with the world of consumer goods. In view of the great interest and in the contemporary world, the meaning of consumption has increased. The object of the present study is to try to understand how the people from Tijuca use the world of consumer goods to ¿become a man¿, i.e., to construct their male heterosexual identity. This analysis is crucial to investigate the construction of masculine gender identity of the people from Tijuca. The study was based on data gathered through deep interviews with nine men from Tijuca during the month of January 2007. The results have shown that the tijucanos interact with the neighborhood services and locals during the process of construction of gender and local identity. It was possible to notice that there are four differents stages, by means of, people use the world of consumer goods to identify themselves as men from Tijuca. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that it occurs the consumption of specific products and places in strategy to: define masculinity and local identity (when young person), move aside, assimilation, acceptation and reinforcement of that identity.
Resumo:
A tese apresenta um estudo do trabalho policial, tendo por referência empírica a Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho policial é analisado a partir das relações sociais no campo de poder jurídico, que engloba, além da Polícia Civil, a Polícia Militar, o Ministério Público e o Poder Judiciário. Apresenta-se e analisa-se o processo de mudança quanto aos métodos de recrutamento e de formação dos novos policiais. Apresenta-se também uma análise das mudanças ocorridas no perfil sócio-demográfico dos policiais civis ao longo do período entre 1970 e 2004. Detalham-se as atividades desenvolvidas nas delegacias de polícia, apresentando os seguintes setores: o plantão, a investigação, o cartório e a secretaria. Discutem-se as formas através das quais, no desempenho das atividades policiais, ocorrem lutas pela classificação e pelo reconhecimento, que constituem múltiplas oposições, tais como entre "operacional" e "burocrata" e agente e delegado, entre outras. A abordagem das conexões entre trabalho policial e relações de gênero se faz presente ao longo do desenvolvimento da análise Considera-se que no estudo do trabalho policial civil, as questões de gênero remetem às representações e práticas de violência policial. Em outros termos, argumenta-se acerca da importância das relações de gênero na análise do trabalho policial, especialmente no que diz respeito às concepções de masculinidade, constitutivas classicamente da cultura policial, e às novas formas de expressão dessas relações sociais a partir da crescente presença feminina nos quadros da Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A tese propicia a reflexão sobre as formas que assumem, hoje, as carreiras na Polícia Civil do Rio Grande do Sul, apontando avanços, embora em ritmo que inclui tempos de parada e espera, em direção ao uso de critérios públicos abrangentes na condução de seu agir.
Resumo:
A entrada da mulher no mercado de trabalho gerou uma série de mudanças nas organizações, entretanto, a carreira da mulher executiva ainda apresenta disparidades em relação à carreira dos seus colegas homens. Essa disparidade pode decorrer da incongruência entre o papel social da mulher e o papel esperado de um líder. No entanto, este fenômeno parece está passando por mudanças, dado o empowerment das mulheres tanto no cenário corporativo como político. Neste sentido, surge a problemática desta pesquisa: qual o real comportamento da mulher ao assumir papeis de liderança? O quadro teórico que cerca esta pesquisa envolve a teoria do papel social (EAGLY, 1987), que postula que cada indivíduo tem um papel socialmente aceito, no qual se inclui o papel de líder, formado através de protótipos de como deve ou deveria se comportar, e também papeis gênero, no qual são definidos os comportamentos socialmente aceitos para homens e para mulheres. Nesta direção, para fazer a comparação dos papeis socialmente esperados de ambos os sexos e os papeis requeridos ao líder é utilizada a teoria de congruência de papeis (EAGLY e KARAU, 2002). Dado este quadro teórico, para atender ao objetivo desta pesquisa, são realizados quatro estudos que utilizam metodologias qualitativas, experimentais e quantitativas. No primeiro estudo, são testadas as relações entre sexo do líder e as dimensões agênticas e comunais do protótipo de liderança por meio de análise de conteúdo de descrições de mulheres e homens líderes. Já no segundo estudo, é testada, por meio de um experimento, a congruência da avaliação de líderes masculino e feminino com o comportamento agêntico e comunal. No terceiro estudo, são examinados quatro perfis de liderança e como estes estão associados entre si a partir de dados coletados por meio de questionários estruturados. São analisadas as características do líder em geral e do líder eficaz com as características do líder masculino e da líder feminina. Estas análises também são realizadas considerando o perfil sexual do respondente (BEM, 1974). Por fim, no quarto estudo são analisadas entrevistas em profundidade a fim de identificar como ocorrem e quais as causas destes acontecimentos supracitados. Os resultados demonstraram que ao assumir um papel de liderança, a mulher tende a assumir características agênticas do protótipo de liderança (como força, masculinidade e tirania), ou seja, tende a masculinizar-se para ser aceita pelas outras pessoas. Os resultados revelam também poucas diferenças entre os líderes homens e mulheres, o que corrobora a primeira conclusão. Por outro lado, as características comunais do líder (como sensibilidade) revelam-se como as mais críticas para a aceitação do líder pelos seus subordinados, mas não para a sua eficácia. Dessa forma, este trabalho busca contribuir para compreender melhor o fenômeno da liderança feminina, lançando luz sobre as eventuais incongruências entre os papeis sociais e gerenciais da mulher na sociedade brasileira contemporânea.
Resumo:
Este trabalho teve como objetivo, abordar o perfil dos homens que conseguiram alcançar cargo de executivo, as trajetórias percorridas no mercado de trabalho e a percepção destes homens em relação à existência de diferenças entre características femininas e masculinas no mundo corporativo e na vida pessoal. Para coleta das percepções, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais de estrutura semi-aberta com executivos (Diretores e Gerentes) de empresas de diversos segmentos. Foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevistas que abrange toda a trajetória do executivo, sua formação acadêmica e suas experiências profissionais até ocupar um cargo de executivo. O roteiro passa por questões do dia a dia, por questionamentos sobre características pessoais ou de gênero que facilitam o trabalho do executivo e à ascensão na carreira, e finaliza com aspectos da vida pessoal, sempre abordando as questões do gênero. Com base em bibliografias e através das declarações coletadas nas entrevistas conclui-se que: com a diversidade de culturas, crenças e a pluralidade de identidades psicológicas, sociais, de gênero e sexuais na contemporaneidade, é simplesmente impossível conceber uma hegemonia frente às nossas identidades, porque elas não são fixas, imutáveis, pelo contrário, elas estão constantemente sofrendo mudanças, e a cada década, podemos perceber que cada vez mais a cultura, os modos de vida, de se comportar, de ser e de estar, vão se alterando, adequando-se às exigências do próprio tempo.
Resumo:
Nesta dissertação, o objetivo é identificar e analisar as representações sociais acerca das masculinidades referidas por homens executivos, gestores do mundo de negócios. Onde o foco maior é conseguir evidências para os seguintes questionamentos: o que é ser homem no mundo dos negócios? Quais as representações sociais da masculinidade? Quais as formas privilegiadas, ou hegemônicas dessa masculinidade? Este trabalho está baseado no projeto de pesquisa do Dr. Alexandre de Pádua Carrieri sobre “Masculinidades Contemporâneas: Representações da Masculinidade na Ótica de Homens e Mulheres Executivos”. Como contribuição teórica para os estudos organizacionais, esta pesquisa possibilita um olhar sobre a masculinidade contemporânea no ambiente empresarial, e não apenas a dominação do masculino sobre o feminino. Como o mundo dos negócios é um termo abrangente a pesquisa não se concentrou em setores específicos da sociedade, ou mesmo desse “mundo de negócios”, se buscou alcançar uma concepção analítica que atingisse a representação social sobre esse mundo. O objeto alvo deste estudo são os executivos, diretores, gerentes, assessores e coordenadores, pois esses sujeitos dentro da dinâmica do capitalismo contemporâneo são móveis dentro dos controles das organizações. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, onde foi realizada entrevistas a fim de se obter dados qualitativos sobre objeto de estudo e que tem como suporte metodológico a Teoria das Representações Sociais e a análise do discurso. As entrevistas foram realizadas com 10 homens de negócio, tais quais coordenadores de Instituição de Ensino Superior; coordenador de investimento e operações industriais; diretores executivos; gestor de unidades e assessor jurídico, todos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Dessa forma, foi possível analisar as representações sociais da masculinidade no que diz respeito ao homem de negócios. Os avanços dos estudos sobre a masculinidade tornará possível à desconstrução da masculinidade hegemônica exercida sobre todos nós, homens e mulheres. Tal análise possibilita um aumento do conhecimento sobre as organizações, assim como, ajuda entender as influências do comportamento dos funcionários na empresa. Através das entrevistas foi possível conhecer o ambiente de trabalho do executivo homem, suas responsabilidades, o contexto social em que está inserido e as representações sociais que o conduzem na sociedade. Como a sociedade brasileira, em sua maioria, diz-se capitalista e cristã a dominação e o poder exercido pelos mais fortes continuaram a existir. Porém, com a pesquisa é possível verificar quais as representações sociais da masculinidade marcantes nos homens de negócio, as quais direcionam todo o contexto organizacional, independente do sexo. Dessa forma se fez possível entender um pouco melhor esse “capitalismo selvagem” corporativo em qual a sociedade optou viver.
Resumo:
This body of work discusses the gender meanings associated with cowboys while endorsing contemporary rodeos in Rio Grande do Norte as a recreational sport and a form of ludic expression. As a result, this research has focused on rodeo practices, aiming to understand the different aspects emphasizing masculinity: these associations being constructed through relationships, contexts and the competitiveness between participants. These gender meanings hinge on the desire for a wining performance and on the behaviour exhibited among cowboys outside the competitive ring in specific social settings such as parties and recreational time. The latter were the focus of the ethnographic research; direct observation and semistructured interviews with cowboys in rodeo stadiums were also used. Through qualitative analysis of the collected data, it was revealed that historically and socially different trajectories do not immediately cause a gender crisis in cowboys, but the assignment of new significance by the social acts in each historical context. However, the presence of cowboys leads to other models of masculinity configured by expressions and the insertion of new personas, not coming directly from field activities, but imbued by the symbolic elements of the cowboy persona, constructed throughout history
Resumo:
This research studies the tradition of epiphany in the community of Cipó de Baixo, which belongs to the city of Pedro II, in the state of Piauí. Readings were made seeeking to emphasize the processivity of the play that navigates between permanence and change. The study starts with a social context of the community, in dialogue with the life history of the owner of the epiphany, Raimundo Milú: strong figure who, along with his family networks, as well as networks of patronage and friendship, struggles for the resistence of the play. The description of the ceremony of Kings, with its constituent parts, punctuates the remarkable character of Cipó community epiphany. This detailed understanding of the play favors the understanding of some of the social vines that serve as the basis for the warp of this cultural practice: modernization vine, where we explore the general motivation of Cipó community epiphany transformations - modernity; family and community exchange vine, which describes the scheme that holds the permanence of the play; masculinity vine, explains the strong gender system that crosses Cipó community epiphany; reinvented tradition vine, where we locate the uniqueness of Cipó community epiphany tradition and its dialogues with modern dynamism; conflict between generation vine, depicts the differences between generations and how they contribute to the dialogue between the traditional and the new; theatrical spectacle vine, describes the play as a performative activity. Thus, we build a social scheme that analyzes the play of Kings of Cipó community as a whole, where change and continuity plan a cultural plot on their own
Resumo:
We aim to understand the social representations of man's aggressive behavior from the perspective of women in situations of domestic violence. This is a descriptive, exploratory and representational study, whose methodological approach falls into the qualitative category. We chose as a scenario for research, by the Reference Center for Citizen Women (CRMC), Natal / RN. The criteria for selection of participants were women who lived/live in situations of domestic violence, with affective or relationship bonding with the assailant, in psychological and emotional positions appropriated to the reality; that are being protected or assisted by the service listed above; whose aggressor is male. We adopted as data collection instruments: questionnaire, Drawing-Story (DE) and a field diary. For analysis of textual data, we decided to use the ALCESTE software conjugated to editing analyze and initial reading. Were investigated 20 women victims of domestic violence, whose author of the attacks was the husband/partner. We identified, from the respondents, that 70% (n = 14) of men with aggressive behavior also had a family history of violence and fragile family relationships. About the physical and emotional condition of the assailant at the time of violence, 50% (n = 10) of these men, regardless the use of alcohol, had often quarrelsome and/or nervous behavior, impatient and unpredictable humor facing a setback, worry or annoyance. Regarding the nature of violence, we observed that women were victims of all types of violence, however, the psychological prevailed in 100% of cases. The corpus "Men" has three classes, whose focuses are, respectively: resignation, denounce and violence/aggression, being possible categorizing them as well: Category 1: The imprisonment of women; Category 2: Violence and its meanings; Category 3: Breaking the violent cycle. We show that the social representations of man s aggressive behavior, from the women in situations of violence, are anchored in the social roles of men in family and society, becoming a dominant model of masculinity. It is aimed, on one hand, from the reproduction of what is already known and/or experienced by male aggressors in the family, as repetitions of behavior. And on the other, present themselves as a state of illness, addiction or psychopathy
Resumo:
This dissertation has the thematic of the sexual affection of the masculine subjectivity within texts of Universo Masculino and Men‟s Health magazines as object of analysis. The central objective was to describe and interpret the theme on the masculine subjectivity in discourses about the affection of sexuality materialized in discourse practices in those magazines. The main point of the research matters how the discourse structures of texts in those magazines make it possible to comprehend the meanings produced about the masculinity nowadays. On the perspective of the thematic trajectory what consists the main aspect that concerns the leading of corpus in the research under the French discourse analysis, we have searched, in reports of those magazines, an arch-genealogy of masculinity, from a specific sexual-affection disposable of our mediate culture. The analytic trajectory enables us to conclude that the thematic trajectory about the sexual affection of the masculine subjectivity produces a semantic way that confirms hegemony and hetero-normative ideals, rather than what proposes new performances on the masculine subjectivity experiences. In its real effects, such mediate discourse practice pursues to link certain sexual affection knowledge to the male individual‟s lifestyle today, from the thematic choices, enunciation modalities and discourse strategies which are specific to the masculine media
Resumo:
This Masters thesis investigates and analyzes the homoerotic expressions in Fernando Pessoa s poetry and in his heteronyms : Álvaro de Campos, Alberto Caeiro and Ricardo Reis. Through the elaboration of deceptive strategies as a way to escape from the insults and the constraints, the poet by means of creative runaway lines builds up a homoerotic poetry that differ from the established patterns and representational models of the literature. We can find, bearing in mind a problematic sexuality which overflows in the various I s, of the sinuous identities and the movable boundaries, and intense mask games. They become real in poems, especially by means of sensations, yielding the possibility of a queer discourse and generating a homoerotic poetry. Pessoa s homoerotism is, thus, presented amid friendly relationships, smooth spaces, of heterotrophy of the city, or others space and the closet s aesthetics. Based on this, it is noted the articulations of a performance gender as body scripture and inscription, thus establishing a physical-writing which reveals a transgressive sexuality, with multiple entrances and exits, affirmations and denials that originate paradoxes. In this matter, we develop links between Foucault conceptions (2010a, 2010b, 2011) towards the history of sexuality, friendship and the power-knowledge relations with traces of significance and subjectivity, in processes of faciality and BwO (Body-without-Organs) in Deleuze and Guattari (1996). We still consider the ontological questionings towards the Gay dimension in Eribon (2008) and we raise aspects concerning the construction of the idea of masculinity in Bourdieu (2010). Finally, we base ourselves on Sedgwick s 1993 closet epistemological approach, as well as on Butler s 2012 gender and performance theory, also going through a few Bataille 1987 passages about erotism, that redimension the homoaffective images of the Portuguese poet
Resumo:
The use and the demand for substances that enhance masculinity, strength and sexual power are not novel. Over the years, this search has assisted the research directions in this area, leading to the discovery of the primary male sex hormone testosterone in 1935. Since then, numerous testosterone analogue compounds were synthesized, which are generically called Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS). The AAS were produced for therapeutic purposes, but an increase in the use of these compounds for other purposes occurred over time. Initially they were used mainly to improve performance in athletes. However, recent studies have shown that the use of AAS by non-athletes with aesthetical purposes have been increasing as well. The abuse of AAS with non-clinical purposes can promote a number of physiological alterations, such as heart, liver, respiratory and psychological problems such as changes in mood, levels of anxiety and aggression. Exposure to supraphysiological doses of AAS is associated with behavioral changes, however, little is known about the effects of AAS on cognitive functions. In this work, we aimed to mimic the AAS abuse in humans with intramuscular administration of a supraphysiological dose of testosterone propionate (TP) in rats. We investigated the effects of this treatment on different aspects of cognitive function, specifically learning, memory and anxiety. Adult male Wistar rats were tested in the spontaneous alternation, novel object recognition and plus-maze discriminative avoidance tasks. The control group received intramuscular injections of vegetable oil (vehicle), and the TP group received injections of TP (10 mg/kg, i.m.). The injections were administered for 40 days, with intervals of 48 hours (chronic treatment) or in a single injection (acute treatment). In addition to the behavioral assessments, we performed biochemical analyzes as indicators of the endocrine effects of the treatment. Our results show that chronic treatment with a supraphysiological dose of TP caused memory impairments in the novel object recognition and the discriminative avoidance tasks. The spatial working memory (evaluated by spontaneous alternation task) was not affected. Also, we did not observe changes in anxiety levels. Regarding the biochemical parameters, chronic treatment increased serum levels of glutamicpyruvic transaminase, an indicator of hepatic and pancreatic lesions (as those observed after chronic use of these substances in humans). On the other hand, acute treatment with PT did not promote significant changes in any of these parameters when compared to the control group. In summary, we conclude that chronic treatment with a supraphysiological dose of testosterone propionate produces memory deficits in novel object recognition and retrieval of the discriminative avoidance task in adult male rats
Resumo:
Culturally, childbearing is understood as a situation that subjects will experience at some point in their lives, especially people who are married or have a similar affectionate relationship. Thus, to realize the inability to meet such a fate seems to be a natural cultural trigger of suffering, frustration and feelings of inadequacy and helplessness. Specifically for men, infertility is closely related to loss of masculinity, virility. He fails in his role as a male. This study sought to understand the impact that infertility have on the existence of a man who receives such a diagnosis, both in self-image as in their marital, sexual and professional roles. This study sets up as a hermeneutic phenomenological research based on the ideas of the philosopher Martin Heidegger. Participants were seven heterosexual, married and infertile men. Two interviews were conducted. The analysis of the material included both the material of the narratives, as the affectation of the researcher when interacting with the participants and their narratives, through phenomenological-hermeneutic interpretation. The results corroborate the literature that states the difficulty of the men, immersed in a context that defines them as virile, powerful and invulnerable to worry about issues related to health and disease. The possibility of any condition that impairs the reproductive capacity exceeds the acceptable limits of daily life for these men, not being recognized as a model of masculinity present in the condition in which they recognize. This leads to questions about their masculinity, role in the marital relationship and their existence. Thus, to recognize themselves as infertile surpass a medical diagnosis and is associated with the construction of meaning for their existence from the approximation with the infertility condition, which helps in redirecting their choices, restoring the project to be self and allowing further recognition as men. In the marital relationship, doing what they can to ensure, theirs happiness. Through these actions, they remain playing the role of family provider, showing that they are able to protect their wives and taking in assisted reproduction or adoption of children viable alternatives to fulfill the desire to leave a legacy and give a child to their wives and to society. Another result observed, refers to the ontological condition of care that characterizes the human being. The ways in which men are treated socially demonstrates a type of care that focuses on the development of characteristics such as strength, virility and determination but does not allow them to cope with the suffering of emotionally difficult situations, such as the diagnosis of infertility. At the end, the study gives rise to reflections on the need to provide a 12 space for men and their expressions of suffering, as well as to recognize their ability to overcome the painful and difficult situations
Resumo:
A saúde masculina é ainda pouco discutida. Estudos mostram que há um padrão social hegemônico sobre o masculino que influencia comportamentos preventivos de homens diante da saúde. Esta pesquisa, qualitativo-descritiva, investigou por meio da análise de conteúdo de entrevistas de dois homens hospitalizados, as suas concepções sobre gênero e saúde/adoecimento. Sob o ponto de vista masculino, homens e mulheres ficam doentes igualmente, embora as mulheres cuidem mais e preventivamente da sua saúde devido ao corpo reprodutivo. Os homens cuidam menos da saúde porque têm dificuldades em se afastar do trabalho, procuram por ajuda médica apenas diante de situações críticas que impõem limites na vida social e adoecem de modo mais severo. As concepções identificadas enfatizam a necessidade de elaboração de políticas públicas, que visem promover a saúde, específicas à população masculina.