Improving the affinity of tomato grafted on Solanum torvum using an intermediate rootstock

Most of the interspecific rootstocks (Lycopersicum esculentum × L. hirsutum) used in grafted Spanish tomato crops are resistant to Meloidogyne nematodes, but the 'Mi' resistance gene does not work well at high soil temperatures. Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterial disease usual in tropical areas, but recently identified with low incidence in several European countries. This disease could be controlled by grafting tomato on Solanum torvum, which is also resistant to Meloidogyne. However, S. torvum and tomato have low grafting affinity, which could be improved using an intermediate rootstock. Some cultivars of eggplant have a relatively good affinity with tomato and complete affinity with S. torvum. In this study we compared two tomato cultivars (one resistant to Verticillium dalihae, Fusarium oxysporum v. lycopersici race 2 and Meloidogyne spp., and one non-resistant) grafted onto 'Beaufort' (Lycopersicum esculentum × L. hirsutum), 'Torvum Vigor' (Solanum torvum) and also with an intermediate grafting of eggplant ('Cristal') between tomato and S. torvum, with nongrafted plants as controls. This arrangement was carried out in two cropping cycles (winter-spring and summer-autumn). In both cycles, plants grafted onto S. torvum, both single or double grafted, yielded less than those grafted onto 'Beaufort' or nongrafted plants. In the spring cycle, no differences were found between single and double-grafted plants using S. torvum rootstocks, but in the autumn cycle double grafted plants had higher yields than the single grafted plants. The severity of nematode infections, in terms of reducing yields, and/or hypothetical infections of Ralstonia, will determine the utility of this technique in tomato production.

Manejo da Irrigação Para Otimização da Produtividade E Qualidade de Frutos de Tomateiro em Sistema de Plantio Direto

There is much information on the adequate soil water matrix potential for returning irrigation in conventional soil tillage systems; however there is not enough information on the best soil water matrix potential for no-tillage production systems. This work aimed to study the effect of five irrigation levels on yield, soluble solids, and fruit acidity of the Hypeel tomato, cultivated for industrial processing and cropped on no-tillage system in Yellow Latosol. The experiment was carried out on a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted in different soil water matrix potentials for returning irrigation (m at 13cm of soil depth): -15, -30, -45, -60 and -75 kPa. The results obtained showed that the soil water matrix potential of -28.5 kPa resulted in maximum yields for tomato crop; whereas the value of -50.8 kPa resulted in the maximum fruit soluble solids concentration.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS ON GROWTH, CHLOROPHYLL A FLUORESCENCE AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF TWO GRAFTED SCIONS OF TOMATO

Two tomato scions (cvs. 'Raf' and 'Gorety') were grafted on three different rootstocks: S. torvum, 'Beaufort' (Lycopersicum esculentum × Lycopersicum hirsutum) and intermediate grafting of eggplant 'Cristal' between tomato and S. torvum (double graft). Plants were grown in Mediterranean greenhouse conditions. The response to grafting was measured through growth parameters, Fv/Fm and leaf macronutrients analysis, and it was compared with non-grafted plants. The scions grafted on S. torvum in simple and double graft showed lower fresh and dry weight of leaves, number of commercial fruits, plant height, Fv/Fm and decreased their capacity to absorb several nutrients resulting in a lower mineral concentration in scions leaves, as a result of a thickened graft union. On the other hand, both scions showed a good response when grafted on the rootstock 'Beaufort', with which growth parameters, yield and photosynthetic capacity were similar to non-grafted plants. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Índice de área foliar e produtividade do tomate sob condições de ambiente protegido

The tomato cultivation in the greenhouse has been expanded in the last years, mainly, in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, whose purpose is to improve the productivity and the quality of the agricultural products, offering regularity in the production. The present study aimed to determine, along the crop cycle, the relationship between the leaf area index and the productivity, and at the end of the cycle, the components of production of the tomato in the greenhouse. The models were generated through polynomial equations of 1st and 2nd order, having as independent variable the number of days after the transplanting. It was verified that it is possible to determine, in the greenhouse, through mathematical models, the leaf area index of the tomato crop considering the days after the transplanting. Basing on values of leaf area index, the productivity of the crop and the period of the maximum productivity can be determined, aiding the farmers to determine the best sowing and transplanting time of the tomato crop.

Foliar and Radicular Absorption of Boron by Beetroot and Tomato Plants

The isotopic technique was employed to study boron (B) mobility in tomato and beetroot plants under protected cultivation conditions. An experiment was conducted in which both species grew in 10-dm3 vases filled with coconut fiber, under hydroponic conditions. The plants were subjected to four different treatments: (1) no B in the substratum and no foliar fertilization; (2) no B in the substratum, with foliar 10B fertilization; (3) B in the substratum, with foliar 10B fertilization; and (4) 10B in the substratum and no foliar fertilization. The biological growth variables and total B and 10B contents in the plant parts grown after the application of the nutrient were evaluated. For increasing B content in young tissues, the foliar application of this element was not as efficient as application via root system, indicating low mobility of B in the tissues of both beetroot and tomato plants. © 2013 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Indices of competition and bio-agroeconomic efficiency of lettuce and tomato intercrops in greenhouses

Intercropping is a cropping system for the production of greenhouse vegetables. It uses space more efficiently, thus reducing the cost of production. Intercropping tomato and lettuce has not been studied, but knowledge of the competitive and agroeconomic indices of these vegetables can help in the management of the intercropping system. The objectives of this study were to assess, through biological and agroeconomic indices, the competition between species and the profitability of intercropping tomato and lettuce at different times of transplantation over two growing seasons (autumn-winter and summer-winter) in greenhouse conditions. In autumn-winter, two experiments were conducted with a randomised complete-block design and five replicates. Tomato and lettuce were the main crops in the individual experiments. Treatments were arranged in a factorial of two cropping systems (intercropping and individual crops) with four transplants of the secondary crop (0, 10, 20 and 30 days after) plus an additional treatment (individual main crop). These two experiments were repeated in summer-winter. Tomato was the dominant crop regardless of transplant order. Intercropping systems established with transplants of both species on the same day had higher values of indices of competition and bio-agroeconomic efficiency than systems with longer periods of transplants between main and secondary crops. The intercropping of lettuce and tomato in greenhouses, regardless of transplant time or order, had bio-agroeconomic advantages over individual crops. The transplantation of tomato after lettuce is recommended for greater profitability.

Plant-derived essential oils affecting settlement and oviposition of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B on tomato

The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an economically important pest of tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum (L.), causing irregular ripening on fruits and transmitting several plant pathogenic geminiviruses. The management of this pest is commonly based on repetitive spraying with synthetic pesticides, causing serious environmental damages and increase of resistance by insect population. In the present study, essential oils from the leaves of Artemisia camphorata Vill., Ageratum conyzoides L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br., Plectranthus neochilus Schltr., and Tagetes erecta L. were investigated for their possible repellent and oviposition-deterrent effects against B. tabaci biotype B on tomato. In a multi-choice assay, P. neochilus essential oil was the most active repellent and oviposition deterrent. Essential oils of A. conyzoides and T. erecta significantly deterred the female B. tabaci biotype B from laying eggs on treated tomato leaflets compared with the control. (E)-Caryophyllene (30.67 %) and the monoterpenes α-pinene (15.02 %) and α-thujene (11.70 %) were identified as the major constituents of the essential oil of P. neochilus. Our findings demonstrated the potential of essential oil of P. neochilus and other oils in the reduction of settlement and oviposition of B. tabaci biotype B on tomato. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Atividade inseticida e Modos de Ação de Extratos Vegetais Sobre Mosca Branca (Bemisia tabaci)

Insecticide potential and efficaciousness of vegetal extracts concentrations from six botanic families in three different modes were analyzed on the nymphs of the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) on a tomato plantation Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Nymph breeding was kept in cherry tomato shrubs. Test solutions were obtained from successive extractions with ethanol and evaporation in a rotary evaporator. Tests consisted of 10 solutions in four concentrations (500; 1,000; 1,500 and 3,000 μg/mL) and control treatment (distilled water + 1% DMSO) under three different modes of activity, namely, contact, translaminar and systemic. Experimental design was totally randomized with four repetitions and eleven treatments. Means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability and lethal concentrations (CL50) were calculated by POLO. In the case of contact activity mode, all extracts had efficiency above 50% with the highest concentration (3,000 μg/mL) in which the highest efficiency for all extracts tested was verified. There was a need for dose increase in translaminar activity mode for similar results, whereas in the case of systemic activity the best performance was obtained with extracts of Nerium oleander, Derris amazonica and Ipomoea carnea. Extracts of the last two caused a higher percentage when compared with that of other extracts in all activity modes lower than CL50.

Efeito α-tomatina na proliferação celular, apoptose e expressão de RNAm dos genes APC, Ciclina A2, Catenina, CASP9, BAK, BAX e BCL-XL em células HT29

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Resistência de genótipos de tomateiro ao ataque de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da indução de resistência no controle do vira cabeça do tomateiro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desempenho de porta-enxertos de tomateiro em resistência a nematóides, murcha-de-fusário e produção da planta enxertada

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Atividade do inseticida chlorantraniliprole + tiametoxam, aplicados em diferentes modalidades, no manejo de pragas do tomateiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Híbridos de tomate industrial cultivados em ambiente protegido e campo, visando produção de frutos para mesa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aplicação de luz na faixa do vermelho-extremo em mudas e diferentes sistemas de condução do tomateiro cultivado em ambiente protegido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS