Measuring the effects of price movements on private consumption

This paper studies how shocks in the prices of Food, Energy and Financial Assets affect private consumption using a VAR Model. Then, the total effects are broken into direct and indirect effects, using the coefficients taken from the previous model. We use quarterly data for the Portuguese economy from the last 20 years. We found that energy prices and financial assets have a strong connection with consumption, suggesting that the economy may be too exposed to shocks in these markets.

A model to simulate the moment-rotation and crack width of FRC members reinforced with longitudinal bars

The present work describes a model for the determination of the moment–rotation relationship of a cross section of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) elements that also include longitudinal bars for the flexural reinforcement (R/FRC). Since a stress–crack width relationship (σ–w)(σ–w) is used to model the post-cracking behavior of a FRC, the σ–w directly obtained from tensile tests, or derived from inverse analysis applied to the results obtained in three-point notched beam bending tests, can be adopted in this approach. For a more realistic assessment of the crack opening, a bond stress versus slip relationship is assumed to simulate the bond between longitudinal bars and surrounding FRC. To simulate the compression behavior of the FRC, a shear friction model is adopted based on the physical interpretation of the post-peak compression softening behavior registered in experimental tests. By allowing the formation of a compressive FRC wedge delimited by shear band zones, the concept of concrete crushing failure mode in beams failing in bending is reinterpreted. By using the moment–rotation relationship, an algorithm was developed to determine the force–deflection response of statically determinate R/FRC elements. The model is described in detail and its good predictive performance is demonstrated by using available experimental data. Parametric studies were executed to evidence the influence of relevant parameters of the model on the serviceability and ultimate design conditions of R/FRC elements failing in bending.

Bimodal information increases spontaneous interpersonal synchronization of goal directed upper limb movements

When interacting with each other, people often synchronize spontaneously their movements, e.g. during pendulum swinging, chair rocking[5], walking [4][7], and when executing periodic forearm movements[3].Although the spatiotemporal information that establishes the coupling, leading to synchronization, might be provided by several perceptual systems, the systematic study of different sensory modalities contribution is widely neglected. Considering a) differences in the sensory dominance on the spatial and temporal dimension[5] , b) different cue combination and integration strategies [1][2], and c) that sensory information might provide different aspects of the same event, synchronization should be moderated by the type of sensory modality. Here, 9 naïve participants placed a bottle periodically between two target zones, 40 times, in 12 conditions while sitting in front of a confederate executing the same task. The participant could a) see and hear, b) see , c) hear the confederate, d) or audiovisual information about the movements of the confederate was absent. The couple started in 3 different relative positions (i.e., in-phase, anti-phase, out of phase). A retro-reflective marker was attached to the top of the bottles. Bottle displacement was captured by a motion capture system. We analyzed the variability of the continuous relative phase reflecting the degree of synchronization. Results indicate the emergence of spontaneous synchronization, an increase with bimodal information, and an influence of the initial phase relation on the particular synchronization pattern. Results have theoretical implication for studying cue combination in interpersonal coordination and are consistent with coupled oscillator models.

Nonlinear optimization for human-like synchronous movements of a dual arm-hand robotic system

In previous work we have presented a model capable of generating human-like movements for a dual arm-hand robot involved in human-robot cooperative tasks. However, the focus was on the generation of reach-to-grasp and reach-to-regrasp bimanual movements and no synchrony in timing was taken into account. In this paper we extend the previous model in order to accomplish bimanual manipulation tasks by synchronously moving both arms and hands of an anthropomorphic robotic system. Specifically, the new extended model has been designed for two different tasks with different degrees of difficulty. Numerical results were obtained by the implementation of the IPOPT solver embedded in our MATLAB simulator.

Towards human-like bimanual movements in anthropomorphic robots: a nonlinear optimization approach

Previously we have presented a model for generating human-like arm and hand movements on an unimanual anthropomorphic robot involved in human-robot collaboration tasks. The present paper aims to extend our model in order to address the generation of human-like bimanual movement sequences which are challenged by scenarios cluttered with obstacles. Movement planning involves large scale nonlinear constrained optimization problems which are solved using the IPOPT solver. Simulation studies show that the model generates feasible and realistic hand trajectories for action sequences involving the two hands. The computational costs involved in the planning allow for real-time human robot-interaction. A qualitative analysis reveals that the movements of the robot exhibit basic characteristics of human movements.

Analysis of exploratory eye movements in patients with schizophrenia during visual scanning of projective tests' figures

OBJECTIVE: Compare pattern of exploratory eye movements during visual scanning of the Rorschach and TAT test cards in people with schizophrenia and controls. METHOD: 10 participants with schizophrenia and 10 controls matched by age, schooling and intellectual level participated in the study. Severity of symptoms was evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Test cards were divided into three groups: TAT cards with scenes content, TAT cards with interaction content (TAT-faces), and Rorschach cards with abstract images. Eye movements were analyzed for: total number, duration and location of fixation; and length of saccadic movements. RESULTS: Different pattern of eye movement was found, with schizophrenia participants showing lower number of fixations but longer fixation duration in Rorschach cards and TAT-faces. The biggest difference was observed in Rorschach, followed by TAT-faces and TAT-scene cards. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest alteration in visual exploration mechanisms possibly related to integration of abstract visual information.

Joint modelling of longitudinal and survival data on breast cancer

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências (Especialidade em Matemática)

Longitudinal evaluation, acceptability and long-term retention of knowledge on a horizontally integrated organic and functional systems course

Undergraduate medical education is moving from traditional disciplinary basic science courses into more integrated curricula. Integration models based on organ systems originated in the 1950s, but few longitudinal studies have evaluated their effectiveness. This article outlines the development and implementation of the Organic and Functional Systems (OFS) courses at the University of Minho in Portugal, using evidence collected over 10 years. It describes the organization of content, student academic performance and acceptability of the courses, the evaluation of preparedness for future courses and the retention of knowledge on basic sciences. Students consistently rated the OFS courses highly. Physician tutors in subsequent clinical attachments considered that students were appropriately prepared. Performance in the International Foundations of Medicine examination of a self-selected sample of students revealed similar performances in basic science items after the last OFS course and 4 years later, at the moment of graduation. In conclusion, the organizational and pedagogical approaches of the OFS courses achieve high acceptability by students and result in positive outcomes in terms of preparedness for subsequent training and long-term retention of basic science knowledge.

Estudo longitudinal dos fatores associados à evolução de sintomas depressivos em idosos institucionalizados

Objetivos : Constatando que a depressão é comum em idosos institucionalizados, associando-se à solidão, à ansiedade e à afetividade, pretendemos descrever a evolução da depressão durante dois anos e verificar que fatores se associam a essa evolução. Métodos : Em um estudo de coorte prospectivo em dois momentos (2011 e 2013), avaliamos 83 idosos institucionalizados, com idade no primeiro momento entre os 60 e os 100 anos, sendo 79,5% mulheres, 86,7% sem companheiro(a), e 72,3% com algum grau de escolaridade. Usamos a Escala Geriátrica da Depressão (GDS), a Escala de Solidão (UCLA-L), o Inventário Geriátrico de Ansiedade (GAI) e a Lista de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (PANAS). Resultados: Verificamos que 59,0% mantiveram a depressão e 10,8% desenvolveram depressão. Os idosos com depressão tiveram significativamente piores resultados na UCLA, GAI e PANAS, e os não depressivos tiveram afetos positivos mais altos. Quanto à evolução da depressão, os idosos que mantiveram depressão tiveram inicialmente pontuações elevadas no GDS, GAI, UCLA e na subescala PANAS negativo e pontuações baixas na subescala PANAS positivo. Esses idosos apresentaram associadamente um agravamento dos sentimentos de solidão, dos sintomas ansiosos e do afeto negativo ao longo dos dois anos. Os que desenvolveram depressão tiveram, no primeiro momento, pontuações elevadas na UCLA. Conclusões: Os sintomas de depressão com ou sem solidão no momento inicial, o agravamento da solidão, a ansiedade, o afeto negativo e o baixo afeto positivo poderão ser fatores de risco para a manutenção da depressão. A solidão poderá ainda ser um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de depressão.

Longitudinal analysis of tumor marker CEA of breast cancer patients from Braga's hospital

Allied to an epidemiological study of population of the Senology Unit of Braga’s Hospital that have been diagnosed with malignant breast cancer, we describe the progression in time of repeated measurements of tumor marker Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Our main purpose is to describe the progression of this tumor marker as a function of possible risk factors and, hence, to understand how these risk factors influences that progression. The response variable, values of CEA, was analyzed making use of longitudinal models, testing for different correlation structures. The same covariates used in a previous survival analysis were considered in the longitudinal model. The reference time used was time from diagnose until death from breast cancer. For diagnostic of the models fitted we have used empirical and theoretical variograms. To evaluate the fixed term of the longitudinal model we have tested for a changing point on the effect of time on the tumor marker progression. A longitudinal model was also fitted only to the subset of patients that died from breast cancer, using the reference time as time from date of death until blood test.

Couple's willingness to donate embryos for research: a longitudinal study

Introduction. Decision-making on embryo disposition is a source of distress and is subject to change over time. This paper analyses the willingness of couples undergoing in vitro fertilization to donate cryopreserved embryos for research from 15 days after embryo transfer to 12 months later, taking into account the influence of psychosocial, demographic, and reproductive factors. Materials and methods. Prospective longitudinal study, with 74 heterosexual couples undergoing in vitro fertilization in a public fertility centre in Portugal, recruited between 2011 and 2012. Participants were evaluated twice: 15 days after embryo transfer and 12 months later. Results. A significant decrease in patients’ willingness to donate embryos for research over time was observed [86.5% to 73.6%; relative risk (RR) = 0.85; 95% CI 0.76–0.95]. A higher education level (>12 years) [adjusted RR (RRadj) = 0.79; 95% CI 0.64–0.96], considering research on human embryos to be important (vs. very important) (RRadj = 0.59; 95% CI 0.39–0.85) and practicing a religion less than once a month (vs. at least once a month) (RRadj = 0.73; 95% CI 0.53–1.00) seemed associated with unwillingness to donate embryos for research over time. Change towards non-donation happened mainly among couples who first considered that it was better to donate than wasting the embryos. Change towards donation occurred mostly among those stating that their priority at time 1 was to have a baby and who became pregnant in the meantime. Conclusions. Quality of care guided by patients’ characteristics, values, preferences, and needs calls for considering the factors and reasons underlying couples’ willingness to donate embryos for research over time as a topic in psychosocial guidelines for infertility and medically assisted reproductive care.

The alarm distress baby scale in a longitudinal Portuguese study reanalyzed with attachment data

Article first published online: 13 NOV 2013

Estudo cardiológico longitudinal em crianças expostas ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 por via perinatal

OBJETIVO: Determinação da freqüência das alterações cardíacas e sua evolução nas crianças expostas ao HIV-1 por via perinatal. MÉTODOS: Realizada avaliação seqüencial clínico-cardiológica, eletrocardiográfica e ecocardiográfica Doppler em 84 crianças expostas ao HIV-1. RESULTADOS: Grupo I (sororreversão) 43 crianças (51,2%). Ausência de alterações clínicas. ECG: distúrbio de condução de ramo direito 5 casos. ECO: CIA (1 caso) e CIV (1 caso). Grupo II 41 infectados (48,8%) com 51,2% de alterações cardiológicas. Crianças assintomáticas ou com sintomas leves, sem imunossupressão: alterações clínico-ecocardiográficas ausentes; ECG: distúrbio de condução de ramo direito (2 casos). Crianças com comprometimento clínico-imunológico moderado e severo: Alterações encontradas: 1) Clínicas (31,7%): taquicardia isolada (1 caso), ICC (12 casos). 2) Eletrocardiográficas (43,9%): taquicardia sinusal associada a outras alterações (10 casos), distúrbio de condução de ramo direito (5 casos), BDAS (1 caso), HBAD (1 caso), alterações da repolarização ventricular (11 casos), SVD (2 casos), SVE (1 caso), desvio do AQRS para direita (1 caso), arritmias (3 casos). 3) Ecocardiográficas (26,8%): miocardiopatia dilatada (5 casos), derrame pericárdico com tamponamento (2 casos), hipertensão pulmonar (2 casos) e prolapso da valva mitral (1 caso). CONCLUSÃO: O envolvimento cardíaco foi uma característica do grupo infectado. Houve maior prevalência de alterações nas crianças pertencentes à categoria clínico-imunológica mais avançada. Os achados clínicos, eletrocardiográficos e ecocardiográficos mais freqüentes foram, respectivamente, ICC, alterações da repolarização ventricular e miocardiopatia dilatada. Esta foi reversível em um caso. As alterações eletrocardiográficas foram significantemente mais freqüentes que as clínicas e ecocardiográficas.

Estudio longitudinal sobre los efectos de la música a altos niveles sonoros en adolescentes

Se plantea la realización de un estudio longitudinal, asimilable a un experimento de laboratorio, con el máximo control de variables independientes, a los fines de constituirse en modelo referencial con validez nacional e internacional en el campo de la normatización dentro de la temática pertinente. Se trabaja con dos grupos de adolescentes -de varones uno y de niñas el otro-, de dos escuelas de la ciudad de Córdoba a lo largo de cuatro años. Se plantea como finalidad conocer con precisión efectos auditivos de la exposición a altos niveles sonoros de música en discotecas durante el período de la adolescencia y su relación con variables físicas, psicosociales y ambientales, como moderadores. En la primera etapa se llevó a cabo el diseño y construcción de ambientes acústicamente apropiadas para los estudios audiológicos -cabinas audiométricas que cumplimentan requisitos de normas nacionales e internacionales para realizar estudios audimétricos en los rangos de frecuencias convencionales y extendido de altas frecuencias. La segunda parte, que se encuentra en desarrollo, se inició con la toma de pruebas a los adolescentes que cursaron en el Ciclo Lectivo 1998 el Tercer Año del CBU. Las pruebas son estudios audiométricos y pruebas psicosociales. En este período -año 1999- se continuará trabajando con el mismo grupo de jóvenes, quienes cursarán el Cuarto Año de estudios (primero del Ciclo de Especialización). A las pruebas antes mencionadas se incluirán estudios de inmisión sonora por dosimetría y monitoreo de niveles reales en el conducto auditivo externo por el uso de walkman y discman. Los objetivos planteados son: a) detectar problemas auditivos y su relación con variables moderadoreas de carácter físico, psicosocial y ambiental; b) obtener información temprana acerca de la sensibilidad auditiva de los grupos de adolescentes estudiados; c) comprobar si la audimetría en altas frecuencias es válida como predictora de los problemas auditivos inducidos por ruido; d) conocer los niveles de inmisión sonora y espectro de la música a que están expuestos los adolescentes en su asistencia a discotecas del medio; e) conocer niveles sonoros reales a que están expuestos los adolescentes que escuchan música con walkman o discman; f) desarrollar para el análisis de los niveles sonoros reales técnicas de medición objetivas as hoc; g) determinar desde los objetivos parciales anteriores en cuanto conjunto, la influencia que ejercen sobre la salud auditiva del grupo de adolescentes.