Lepromatous leprosy and perianal tuberculosis: a case report and literature review

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, a microorganism that usually affects skin and nerves. Although it is usually well-controlled by multidrug therapy (MDT), the disease may be aggravated by acute inflammatory reaction episodes that cause permanent tissue damage particularly to peripheral nerves. Tuberculosis is predominantly a disease of the lungs; however, it may spread to other organs and cause an extrapulmonary infection. Both mycobacterial infections are endemic in developing countries including Brazil, and cases of coinfection have been reported in the last decade. Nevertheless, simultaneous occurrence of perianal cutaneous tuberculosis and erythema nodosum leprosum is very rare, even in countries where both mycobacterial infections are endemic.

Five years follow-up of a keratocyst odontogenic tumor treated by marsupialization and enucleation: a case report and literature review

Odontogenic cysts are considered as nonneoplasic benign lesions. Among the cysts, keratocyst odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is an intra‑osseous tumor characterized by parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and a potential for aggressive, infiltrative behavior, and for the possibility to develop carcinomas in the lesion wall. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of KCOT in a young patient and discuss the treatment alternatives to solve this case. A 15‑year‑old male was referred for treatment of a giant lesion in his left side of the mandible. After the biopsy, a diagnostic of KCOT was made, and the following procedures were planned for KCOT treatment. Marsupialization was performed for lesion decompression and consequent lesion size reduction. Afterward, enucleation for complete KCOT removal was performed followed by third mandibular molar extraction. After 5 years, no signs of recurrence were observed. The treatment proposed was efficient in removing the KCOT with minimal surgical morbidity and optimal healing process, and the first and second mandibular molars were preserved with pulp vitality. In conclusion, this treatment protocol was an effective and conservative approach for the management of the KCOT, enabling the reduction of the initial lesion, the preservation of anatomical structures and teeth, allowing quicker return to function. No signs of recurrence after 5 years were observed.

Relationship between levels of neuropeptide Substance P in periodontal disease and chronic pain: a literature review

The aim of the current review was to investigate the relationship between levels of neuropeptide Substance P in periodontal disease and chronic pain. Substance P is a neuropeptide that is directly related with pain. In periodontal disease, it is expressed during the inflammatory process, and is one of the factors responsible for bone resorption. Studies have shown that Substance P levels are highest in the gingival crevicular fluid from sites with active periodontal disease and bone loss. The persistence of these substances could be sufficient to stimulate neurogenic inflammation in susceptible tissues, and cause pain. The scientific literature shows that Substance P expressed during periodontal disease can be a risk factor for patients with systemic inflammatory pathologies, such as chronic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Additional research is needed to confirm the participation of this substance in the origin of some types of chronic pain.

Application of Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG lasers in cavity preparation for dental tissues: a literature review

The laser has been widely used in many specialties of dentistry and several wavelengths have been investigated as a substitute for high-speed handpiece. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature about the use of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers in cavity preparation for dental tissues. Despite the differences in wavelength, pulse duration and energy, the morphological characteristics of the irradiated dentin surface with these lasers are comparable, as well as its effects as methods of dental caries prevention. Thus, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers prepared cavities with similar effects on the dental tissue, however, further investigations about ideal irradiation conditions are needed for both lasers.

Oral verruciform xanthoma: a case report and literature review

Oral verruciform xanthoma represents an uncommon entity, which affects mainly oral mucosa. This paper presents the major clinical and histological features of oral verruciform xanthoma and reports a case on the tongue. The differential diagnosis and a literature review are also provided in light of recent information.

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (Vanek’s polyp): a case report and literature review

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a benign uncommon lesion (1%-4% of gastric benign lesions), originated from the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Its origin is controversial and immunohistochemical studies of lesions have largely refuted the possible vascular, neural or smooth muscle origin. Recent studies suggest a neoplastic etiology due to a mutation, in some cases, in the alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor gene (PDGFRa). Our objective is to report the case of a patient aged 70 years, with gastric IFP, comparing her immunohistochemical profile with those of other studies, and a brief review of the literature.

Human development and data envelopment analysis: a structured literature review

Given the importance the concept of productive efficiency has on analyzing the human development process, which is complex and multidimensional, this study conducts a literature review on the research works that have used the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure and analyze the development process. Therefore, we researched the databases of Scopus and Web of Science, and considered the following analysis dimensions: bibliometrics, scope, DEA models and extensions used, interfaces with other techniques, units analyzed and depth of analysis. In addition to a brief summary, the main gaps in each analysis dimension were assessed, which may serve to guide future researches. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mitigation of the bullwhip effect considering trust and collaboration in supply chain management: a literature review

The aim of this paper is to provide results of trust and collaboration that lead to the mitigation of the bullwhip effect in supply chain management through a systematic literature review. The criterion for its inclusion in the sample of papers was that at least two reviews of the respective subfields were published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2014. A total of 24 articles were selected. The analysis found that few studies focused on addressing behavioral aspects to reduce the bullwhip effect. Most of them focused on operational and quantitative aspects. These results indicate the need for studies on behavioral aspects in mitigating the bullwhip effect, where trust and collaboration among those involved in the supply chain need to be developed and organized.

Lateral periodontal cyst: a case report and literature review

The lateral periodontal cyst is considered a developmental odontogenic cyst with unusual occurrence. In most cases it is preliminary diagnosed as a radiographic finding, presenting as well circumscribed or as a round or teardrop-shaped radiolucent area. Due to its location it can easily be misdiagnosed as a lesion of endodontic origin. Final diagnosis should be based on histopatological examination. The purpose of this paper is to report a classic case of lateral periodontal cyst located in the anterior region of mandible and to review the relevant literature which describes the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of lateral periodontal cysts. A 50 years female patient complained of an asymptomatic gingival swelling in the region between the left mandibular lateral incisor and canine. Radiographic examination revealed a well circumscribed radiolucency with approximately 0.5 cm diameter with a radiopaque margin between the roots of the left mandibular lateral incisor and canine. The adjacent teeth had vital pulp. A total enucleation of the lesion was performed, and intraoperative examination showed a single lesion with no communication between the cyst's cavity and the oral environment. Histological examination revealed that the lesion was lateral periodontal cyst of developmental origin. There was no recurrence or complications for 24 months follow-up. The lateral periodontal cyst can be considered in the differential diagnosis when a radioloucent lesion appears adjacent to the roots of vital teeth. The treatment of choice is surgical removal and subsequent histological evaluation to confirm the diagnosis. Relapses are infrequent.

Older people's perspectives on participation in physical activity: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative literature

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Squamous odontogenic tumor: literature review focusing on the radiographic features and differential diagnosis

Since its first publication in 1975, the squamous odontogenic tumor remains the rarest odontogenic lesion, with around 50 cases in the English-language literature in which the microscopic characteristics are frequently very well demonstrated. However, articles which discuss the radiographic aspects are scarce, especially with emphasis on the differential diagnosis. The present treatise proposes an assessment of jaw lesions with the same radiographic characteristics of the squamous odontogenic tumor to clarify the main findings for dental clinicians during routine diagnosis.

Wear and Corrosion Interactions on Titanium in Oral Environment: Literature Review

The oral cavity is a complex environment where corrosive substances from dietary, human saliva, and oral biofilms may accumulate in retentive areas of dental implant systems and prostheses promoting corrosion at their surfaces. Additionally, during mastication, micromovements may occur between prosthetic joints causing a relative motion between contacting surfaces, leading to wear. Both processes (wear and corrosion) result in a biotribocorrosion system once that occurs in contact with biological tissues and fluids. This review paper is focused on the aspects related to the corrosion and wear behavior of titanium-based structures in the oral environment. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of the oral environment is focused on the harmful effect that acidic substances and biofilms, formed in human saliva, may have on titanium surfaces. In fact, a progressive degradation of titanium by wear and corrosion (tribocorrosion) mechanisms can take place affecting the performance of titanium-based implant and prostheses. Also, the formation of wear debris and metallic ions due to the tribocorrosion phenomena can become toxic for human tissues. This review gathers knowledge from areas like materials sciences, microbiology, and dentistry contributing to a better understanding of bio-tribocorrosion processes in the oral environment.

Malakoplakia after renal transplantation in the current era of immunosuppressive therapy: case report and literature review

Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous disease of unknown cause. It is thought to be caused by an acquired bactericidal defect of macrophages. Malakoplakia is associated with chronic infections and immunosuppression. Although it occurs mainly in the urinary tract, it has already been reported in almost every organ system. The isolation of bacteria, especially Escherichia coli, is common in malakoplakia patients. Here, we present a case of primary cutaneous malakoplakia in a kidney transplant recipient who had been taking prednisone, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate. Culture of a lesion grew Burkholderia cepacia complex. Treatment with high doses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was successful. We also present a systematic review of the literature, identifying 4 previously reported cases of malakoplakia after renal transplantation under similar immunosuppressive therapy, most occurring in the urinary tract or perineum and following benign courses to cure. Data in the literature suggest that malakoplakia has become even rarer since changes were made in the immunosuppressive therapy employed after kidney transplantation.

Percutaneous laser ablation under ultrasound guidance for fetal hyperechogenic microcystic lung lesions with hydrops: a single center cohort and a literature review

Objective To evaluate the perinatal outcomes in hydropic fetuses with congenital microcystic pulmonary lesions that underwent percutaneous, invasive, laser therapy. Method This retrospective study reviews the literature and our experience between 2004 and 2010. Characteristics of the cystic lung lesions, liquor volume (presence of polyhydramnios or not), localization of ablation (vascular vs interstitial) and gestational age at which the procedure was performed were related to outcome (survival). Results In total, 16 fetuses with congenital lung lesions underwent invasive percutaneous laser ablation, seven performed in our center and nine published cases. Survival rate was higher in fetuses with a subsequent postnatal diagnosis of bronchopulmonary sequestration (87.5%) compared with congenital adenomatoid malformation (28.6%; p?=?0.04). The technique of vascular ablation was more successful (100%) than interstitial ablation (25.0%, p?<?0.01). Conclusion Percutaneous vascular laser ablation seems to be effective for bronchopulmonary sequestration in hydropic fetuses. Outcomes were worst following interstitial ablation for microcystic congenital adenomatoid with hydrops. (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Type IV delayed-type hypersensitivity of the respiratory tract due to budesonide use: report of two cases and a literature review

Respiratory type-IV hypersensitivity reactions due to corticosteroids is a rare phenomenon. We describe two such cases. The first is a 37- year-old atopic woman who developed labial angioedema and nasal itching after the use of budesonide nasal spray. A month later, after the first puffs of a formoterol/budesonide spray prescribed for asthma, she noticed symptoms of tongue and oropharyngeal itching and redness with subsequent dysphagia, labial and tongue angioedema, and facial oedema. The second is a 15-year-old non-atopic woman who reported pruritic eruptions around the nostrils after using a budesonide nasal spray. A year later she presented with nasal pruritus with intense congestion and labial and facial oedema after using the same spray. Both patients were evaluated with patch-tests using the commercial T.R.U.E. test, a budesonide solution, and corticosteroid creams. Test evaluation was performed at 48 and 96 hours. In both patients, patch tests were positive to budesonide (++) on the second day. The first patient also had a positive (+) reaction to tixocortol-21-pivalate. All the other patch tests were negative. Clinicians should be aware that hypersensitivity reactions may occur during the use of nasal or inhaled corticosteroids.