Análise da eficiência de contratos de serviços de elevada especificidade terceirizados pela petrobras

The definition of the boundaries of the firms is subject that has occupied the organizational theorists long ago, being the seminal work of Coase (1937) indicated as the trigger for one theoretical evolution, with emphasis on governance structures, which led to a modern theory of incomplete contracts. The Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Agency Theory arise within this evolution, being widely used in studies related to the theme. Empirically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has established itself as a suitable tool for analysis of efficiency. Although TCE argues that specific assets must be internalized, recent studies outside the mainstream of theory show that, often, firms may decide, for various reasons, hire them on the market. Researches on transaction costs face with the unavailability of information and methodological difficulties in measuring their critical variables. There`s still the need for further methodological deepening. The theoretical framework includes classic works of TCE and Agency Theory, but also more recent works, outside the mainstream of TCE, which warn about the existence of strategies in use of specific assets that aren`t necessarily aligned with the classical ideas of TCE. The Brazilian oil industry is the focus of this thesis, that aimed to evaluate the efficiency of contracts involving high specificity service outsourced by Petrobras. In order to this, we made the categorization of outsourced services in terms of specificity, as well the description of services with higher specificity. Then, we verified the existence of relationship between the specificity of services and a number of variables, being found divergent results than those that are preached by the mainstream of TCE. Then, we designed a DEA model to analyze the efficiency in the use of onshore drilling rigs, identified among the services of highest specificity. The next step was the application of the model to evaluate the performance of drilling rigs contracts. Finally, we verified the existence of relationship between the efficiency of contracts and a number of variables, being found, again, results not consistent with the theory mainstream. Regarding to analyze of efficiency of drilling rigs contracts, the model developed is compatible with what is found in academic productions in efficiency of drilling rigs. The results on efficiency show a wide range of scores, with efficiencies ranging from 31.79% to 100%, being low the sample efficiency average. There is consonance between the model results and the practices adopted by Petrobras. The results strengthen the DEA as an important tool in studies of efficiency with possibility to use for analysis other types of contracts. In terms of theoretical findings, the results reinforce the arguments that there are situations in which the strategies of the organizations, in terms of use of assets and services of high specificity, do not necessarily follow what is recommended by the mainstream of TCE

Public interests in water concession disputes

The flux of foreign investment into the water industry led to the internationalisation of contracts and of the method of settlement of possible disputes. When disputes over the performance of a water concession give origin to investor-state arbitrations, public authorities are put in a challenging position. The state need to combine two different roles – its role in the provision of services of public interest and the fulfilment of its international legal obligations arising from international investment agreements. The complexity of this relationship is patent in a variety of procedural and substantive issues that have been surfacing in arbitration proceedings conducted before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes. The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss the impact of investment arbitration on the protection of public interests associated with water services. In deciding these cases arbitrators are contributing significantly in shaping the contours and substance of an emerging international economic water services regime. Through the looking glass of arbitration awards one can realise the substantial consequences that the international investment regime has been producing on water markets and how significantly it has been impacting the public interests associated with water services. Due consideration of the public interests in water concession disputes requires concerted action in two different domains: changing the investment arbitration mechanism, by promoting the transparency of proceedings and the participation of non-parties; and changing the regulatory framework that underpins investments in water services. Combined, these improvements are likely to infuse public interests into water concession arbitrations.

O uso do BIM na fiscalização de obras públicas

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Autonomia das escolas: implicações e alterações na organização escolar

Este estudo teve como objectivo investigar o que mudou na organização escolar com o reforço da sua autonomia nomeadamente com a celebração dos contratos de autonomia. A investigação incidiu sobre quatro Escolas/Agrupamentos, duas com Contrato de Autonomia e outras duas sem Contrato de Autonomia. No estudo optou-se por utilizar como técnicas de recolha de dados a fonte estatística e o inquérito por entrevista, recorrendo para o efeito a entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos Presidentes dos Órgãos de Gestão das quatro Escolas/Agrupamentos envolvidos no estudo. Os dados estatísticos foram obtidos através da análise das pautas relativas ao 3° período dos anos lectivos 2006/2007 e 2007/2008, das quatro escolas/Agrupamentos envolvidos no estudo. Dos resultados obtidos nesta investigação destacamos a importância que os Presidente dos Órgãos de Gestão dão à necessidade de uma maior autonomia. Os Contratos de Autonomia potenciaram um conjunto de alterações na organização escolar levando ao aumento do sucesso escolar e da criação de uma forte identidade da escola com Contrato de Autonomia. Será importante que estudos posteriores analisem os resultados obtidos nas vinte e duas escolas que celebraram contratos de autonomia, os quais terminam no final do ano lectivo 2010/2011, sendo certo que dos resultados desta investigação ressaltaram as vantagens de cada Escola/Agrupamento poder escolher o seu próprio caminho para atingir o sucesso escolar e social dos seus alunos. ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate what has changed in school organization as a result of the legal reinforcement of its power and autonomy and, in particular, due to the celebration of contracts of autonomy. The research focused on four establishments (Schools/School Groups), two of them already functioning under a contract of autonomy and the other two with no such contract. The techniques used in our investigation were the collection and treatment of statistical data and the interview survey, mainly the semi-structured interview type directed to the Presidents of the Governing Bodies of all the four establishments involved. At the end of the present investigation, it is clear to us all the advantages presented to an educational establishment which is able to choose its own path to achieve the academic success and the social development of its students. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that future studies duly analyse the results achieved by all the twenty-two school establishments which celebrated contracts of autonomy ending at the term of the academic year 2009/2010.

A treatise on maritime contracts of letting to hire,

Mode of access: Internet.

Contracts Accepted, Iowa Department of Transportation, March 28, 2011

Contracts Accepted for letting reports from the Iowa Department of Transportation.

Contracts Accepted, Iowa Department of Transportation, April 4, 2011

Contracts Accepted for letting reports from the Iowa Department of Transportation.

Contracts Accepted, Iowa Department of Transportation, April 11, 2011

Contracts Accepted for letting reports from the Iowa Department of Transportation.

Contracts Accepted, Iowa Department of Transportation, April 18, 2011

Contracts Accepted for letting reports from the Iowa Department of Transportation.

Bayesian ratemaking procedure of crop insurance contracts with skewed distribution

Over the years, crop insurance programs became the focus of agricultural policy in the USA, Spain, Mexico, and more recently in Brazil. Given the increasing interest in insurance, accurate calculation of the premium rate is of great importance. We address the crop-yield distribution issue and its implications in pricing an insurance contract considering the dynamic structure of the data and incorporating the spatial correlation in the Hierarchical Bayesian framework. Results show that empirical (insurers) rates are higher in low risk areas and lower in high risk areas. Such methodological improvement is primarily important in situations of limited data.

Spatio-temporal modeling of agricultural yield data with an application to pricing crop insurance contracts

This article presents a statistical model of agricultural yield data based on a set of hierarchical Bayesian models that allows joint modeling of temporal and spatial autocorrelation. This method captures a comprehensive range of the various uncertainties involved in predicting crop insurance premium rates as opposed to the more traditional ad hoc, two-stage methods that are typically based on independent estimation and prediction. A panel data set of county-average yield data was analyzed for 290 counties in the State of Parana (Brazil) for the period of 1990 through 2002. Posterior predictive criteria are used to evaluate different model specifications. This article provides substantial improvements in the statistical and actuarial methods often applied to the calculation of insurance premium rates. These improvements are especially relevant to situations where data are limited.

Parametric and nonparametric statistical modelling of crop yield: implications for pricing crop insurance contracts

This article considers alternative methods to calculate the fair premium rate of crop insurance contracts based on county yields. The premium rate was calculated using parametric and nonparametric approaches to estimate the conditional agricultural yield density. These methods were applied to a data set of county yield provided by the Statistical and Geography Brazilian Institute (IBGE), for the period of 1990 through 2002, for soybean, corn and wheat, in the State of Paran. In this article, we propose methodological alternatives to pricing crop insurance contracts resulting in more accurate premium rates in a situation of limited data.

On compliance of business processes with business contracts

This paper addresses the problem of ensuring compliance of business processes, implemented within and across organisational boundaries, with the constraints stated in related business contracts. In order to deal with the complexity of this problem we propose two solutions that allow for a systematic and increasingly automated support for addressing two specific compliance issues. One solution provides a set of guidelines for progressively transforming contract conditions into business processes that are consistent with contract conditions thus avoiding violation of the rules in contract. Another solution compares rules in business contracts and rules in business processes to check for possible inconsistencies. Both approaches rely on a computer interpretable representation of contract conditions that embodies contract semantics. This semantics is described in terms of a logic based formalism allowing for the description of obligations, prohibitions, permissions and violations conditions in contracts. This semantics was based on an analysis of typical building blocks of many commercial, financial and government contracts. The study proved that our contract formalism provides a good foundation for describing key types of conditions in contracts, and has also given several insights into valuable transformation techniques and formalisms needed to establish better alignment between these two, traditionally separate areas of research and endeavour. The study also revealed a number of new areas of research, some of which we intend to address in near future.