ACUTE EFFECT OF A BALLISTIC AND A STATIC STRETCHING EXERCISE BOUT ON FLEXIBILITY AND MAXIMAL STRENGTH

Bacurau, RFP, Monteiro, GA, Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli, V, Cabral, LF, Aoki, MS. Acute effect of a ballistic and a static stretching exercise bout on flexibility and maximal strength. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 304-308, 2009-Different stretching techniques have been used during warm-up routines. However, these routines may decrease force production. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effect of a ballistic and a static stretching protocol on lower-limb maximal strength. Fourteen physically active women (169.3 +/- 8.2 cm; 64.9 +/- 5.9 kg; 23.1 +/- 3.6 years) performed three experimental sessions: a control session (estimation of 45 degrees leg press one-repetition maximum [1RM]), a ballistic session (20 minutes of ballistic stretch and 45 degrees leg press 1RM), and a static session (20 minutes of static stretch and 45 degrees leg press 1RM). Maximal strength decreased after static stretching (213.2 +/- 36.1 to 184.6 +/- 28.9 kg), but it was unaffected by ballistic stretching (208.4 +/- 34.8 kg). In addition, static stretching exercises produce a greater acute improvement in flexibility compared with ballistic stretching exercises. Consequently, static stretching may not be recommended before athletic events or physical activities that require high levels of force. On the other hand, ballistic stretching could be more appropriate because it seems less likely to decrease maximal strength.

Leonardo, a flauta: uns sentimentos selvagens

Este artigo pretende contribuir para a etnologia das "flautas sagradas" nas Terras Baixas da América do Sul, retomando a análise de um episódio ocorrido entre 1947 e 1953, envolvendo Leonardo Villas Boas e os índios kamayurá, xinguanos tupi-guarani. Nesse momento, Leonardo manteve, continuada e publicamente, relações amorosas com Pele de Reclusa, esposa do grande xamã e chefe Kutamapù. O affair provocou comoção entre os índios, que colocaram um trio de flautas na casa do herói. Assim, quando Pele de Reclusa a freqüentava, via as flautas. Violada a regra que proíbe às mulheres ver as flautas, Pele de Reclusa sofreu estupro coletivo, o que originou seu ostracismo e o afastamento dos Villas Boas dos Kamayurá. Para estes, "ver" contrasta com "ouvir". A primeira noção aponta para uma forma analítica de conhecimento ("explicação"), a segunda, sintética ("compreensão"). A exacerbação da capacidade de "ver" é, para eles, sinal de associalidade - no caso dos feiticeiros - e de suprema socialidade - no caso dos pajés. O exagero da aptidão de "ouvir", ao contrário, é considerado condição de virtuosidade na música e nas artes verbais. Se entre esses índios, às mulheres é vedado ver as flautas, ouvi-las é delas esperado. As pistas para a compreensão indígena do episódio provêm de sua maneira de construção dos sentidos, dos gêneros e do poder - no todo, de sua forma de constituição do mundo: quando Pele de Reclusa violou o inviolável, Leonardo transformou-se em "flauta", sua casa na "casa das flautas", e os homens numa coletividade delas, tudo passando a ocorrer sob sua ética feroz.

Recensão: Alicia Cámara, Rafael Moreira, Marino Viganò, "Leonardo Turriano: Ingeniero del Rey"

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Fundação Millennium bcp, Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda

Proyecto "Da Vinci School"

Proyecto de migración/implantación de un sistema libre en un centro de educación secundaria.

Da Vinci school

Implantación de una plataforma libre en un centro de educación secundaria.

Actualització del sistema informàtic de l'escola Da Vinci School

Projecte d'actualització del sistema informàtic d'un centre escolar.

La Estrategia de elaboración de un superventas: El Código Da Vinci

Estudi de per què el llibre de Dan Brown “El Código da Vinci” és un èxit de vendes, i de les claus de la seva adaptació cinematogràfica

1.° Bartholomaei Facii ad Alphonsum Regem dialogus de vitae felicitate. — 2.° Ejusdem epistola ad Robertum Strozam. — 3.° Mafei Vegii, Laudensis, dialogus de felicitate et miseria. — 4.° Ejusdem ad Eustachium, fratrem suum, dialogus de injuriis veritati illatis. — 5.° Anonymi dialogus inter Epicureum et Stoïcum de virtute et voluptate. — 6.° Platonis dialogus de morte contemnenda : interprete Cincio, Romano. — 7.° Plutarchi sermo de virtute et vitio : eodem interprete. — 8.° Apologia Socratis : authore Platone ; interprete verò Leonardo Aretino. — 9.° Platonis Crito : interprete anonymo. — 10.° Luciani Toxaris, sive, dialogus de amicitia : interprete anonymo.

Rogerii de Gaignieres

1.° Sextus Pompeius Festus de verborum significatione. — 2.° Anonymi tractatus de rhetorica et de dialectica. — 3.° Aristotelis epistola ad Alexandrum de secretis secretorum. — 4.° Senecae liber ad Galeotum de vita beata. — 5.° Oeconomicorum Aristotelis liber : interprete Leonardo Aretino. — 6.° Isidori, Hispalensis, synonyma. — 7.° Messalae Corvini ad Octavium Augustum de progenie sua breve compendium.

Colbertinus

Pattern of recurrence of early breast cancer is different according to intrinsic subtype and proliferation index.

INTRODUCTION Recurrence risk in breast cancer varies throughout the follow-up time. We examined if these changes are related to the level of expression of the proliferation pathway and intrinsic subtypes. METHODS Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor, Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) was performed on tissue-microarrays constructed from a large and uniformly managed series of early breast cancer patients (N = 1,249). Subtype definitions by four biomarkers were as follows: luminal A (ER + and/or PR+, HER2-, Ki-67 <14), luminal B (ER + and/or PR+, HER2-, Ki-67 ≥14), HER2-enriched (any ER, any PR, HER2+, any Ki-67), triple-negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-, any Ki-67). Subtype definitions by six biomarkers were as follows: luminal A (ER + and/or PR+, HER2-, Ki-67 <14, any CK 5/6, any EGFR), luminal B (ER + and/or PR+, HER2-, Ki-67 ≥14, any CK 5/6, any EGFR), HER2-enriched (ER-, PR-, HER2+, any Ki-67, any CK 5/6, any EGFR), Luminal-HER2 (ER + and/or PR+, HER2+, any Ki-67, any CK 5/6, any EGFR), Basal-like (ER-, PR-, HER2-, any Ki-67, CK5/6+ and/or EGFR+), triple-negative nonbasal (ER-, PR-, HER2-, any Ki-67, CK 5/6-, EGFR-). Each four- or six-marker defined intrinsic subtype was divided in two groups, with Ki-67 <14% or with Ki-67 ≥14%. Recurrence hazard rate function was determined for each intrinsic subtype as a whole and according to Ki-67 value. RESULTS Luminal A displayed a slow risk increase, reaching its maximum after three years and then remained steady. Luminal B presented most of its relapses during the first five years. HER2-enriched tumors show a peak of recurrence nearly twenty months post-surgery, with a greater risk in Ki-67 ≥14%. However a second peak occurred at 72 months but the risk magnitude was greater in Ki-67 <14%. Triple negative tumors with low proliferation rate display a smooth risk curve, but with Ki-67 ≥14% show sharp peak at nearly 18 months. CONCLUSIONS Each intrinsic subtype has a particular pattern of relapses over time which change depending on the level of activation of the proliferation pathway assessed by Ki-67. These findings could have clinical implications both on adjuvant treatment trial design and on the recommendations concerning the surveillance of patients.