Experimente über die Wirkung von UV-B auf pelagische Fischembryonen in einem Sonnenscheinsimulator

One of the supposed effects of the observed ozone depletion is the increase of solar UV-B irradiation at the seasurface. This will cause an impact on certain compartments of marine ecosystems. Especially, sensitive developmental stages of pelagic fish embryos might be affected. Embryos of dab (Limanda limanda) and plaice (Pleuronectes plalessa) were experimentally exposed 10 different amounts of UVB irradiation in a sunshine simulator. This programmable device allows the dosage of realistic solar irradiation in quality and guantity. Experiments were carried out in March 1995 and February 1996. Either artificially inserninated and reared emhryos of dab and plaice or embryos caught in the German Bight were exposed to simulated solar irradiation. The 1995 experiments served to identify the effective irradiation dosages. For the 1996 experiments irradiation applied was much lower, being dose to realistic valucs expected over the North Sea as a consequence of ozone depletion. The following end points were studied: 1. Mortality, 2. sublethal morphological effects (malformations), 3. DNA damage, 4. changes in buoyancy of embryos measured as changes in osmolarity of the perivitelline fluid. Conditions for the simulation of daylight were a c1oudless sky with a solar zenith distance of 34 % (air mass 1.2). The adopted ozone depletion was 40 % corresponding to 180 DU (Dobson Units) instead of 300 DU. In the 1995 experiments time and dosage dependent influenccs on mortality and buoyancy of embryos of dab and plaice were found. Even in those embryos which were protected from the UV-B spectral range a loss of buoyancy was registered after 12 hours in the simulator. No diffcrences in DNA integrity as determined by DNA unwinding of exposed and control embryos were found. Also with lower amounts of irradiation in the 1996 experiments dosage dependent acute mortality, malformations, and impact on the buoyancy of the emhryos was registered. Sublethal effects occurred as well in embryos protected against UV-B in the exposure chambers, but were not found in the dark controls. The impact of low dosages of UV-B on the buoyancy of pelagic fish embryos might indicate an important ecological threat and deserves further studies.

Hippeastrum vittatum (L'Hér.) Herbert e hippeastrum striatum (Lam.) Moore : análise química e avaliação biológica dos alcalóides isolados

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de isolar e identificar os alcalóides presentes nas espécies H. vittatum e H. striatum, analisar a atividade antitumoral, inibidora da enzima acetilcolinesterase, antioxidante dos extratos e alcalóides obtidos, realizar ensaio de toxicidade para o alcalóide montanina, bem como observar sua atividade em pesquisa b��sica do comportamento em roedores e verificar comparativamente a modulação da montanina e da galantamina sobre a via de sinalização das proteínas quinases pRaf/pMEK/pERK/pCREB. Método: Fitoquímico: As partes aéreas e subterrâneas das espécies coletadas foram maceradas em etanol e processadas em extração ácido-base para a obtenção dos extratos diclorometano e n-BuOH. Os alcalóides isolados foram identificados com a utilização de métodos cromatográficos, espectrométricos e espectroscópicos. Testes in vitro: Atividade antitumoral: Os extratos e alcalóides obtidos foram avaliados em método in vitro, onde se aplicaram células tumorais biopsiadas de humanos. Inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase: Os compostos isolados, montanina (Hv1 e Hv2), vitatina (Hv4), pancracina (Hv5) e Hv6 de H. vittatum e a galantamina foram testados em ensaio de bioautografia por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) com 1-naftil acetato. Atividade antioxidante: Os compostos anteriormente citados foram testados pelo método que utiliza o difenilpicrilhidrazol (DPPH) em CCD. Testes in vivo: Toxicidade da montanina (24 horas): A montanina foi administrada com doses de 10 a 100 mg/kg i.p. em camundongos e a toxicidade observada por 24 horas comparando-se aos grupos controle. A dose letal mediana foi calculada com método dos probitos. Avaliação da atividade central da montanina: Foram realizados experimentos com camundongos machos em Campo Aberto (CA), Nado Forçado (NF), Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE), Indução do Sono por Pentobarbital (ISP) e sobre a consolidação da memória em ratos (esquiva inibitória passiva). Análise bioquímica da via das MAPKs: Aplicou-se metodologia in vitro em homogenatos (fatias hipocampais) tratados com os alcalóides montanina ou galantamina. A obtenção dos resultados ocorreu a partir da realização de eletroforese de alta voltagem e “Western Blot”. Resultados e Conclusões: A partir dos extratos de alcalóides totais de H. vittatum foram isoladas cinco substâncias: (a) Hv1 (montanina – 0,007%) isolado do extrato diclorometano de folhas, (b) Hv2 (montanina – 0,09%), (c) Hv3 (licorina 0,003%) e (d) Hv4 (vitatina – 0,0003%), isolados do extrato diclorometano de bulbos. Do extrato n-BuOH dos bulbos foram isolados o alcalóide Hv5 (pancracina – 0,0025%) e o composto Hv6 (0,0034%). Da espécie H. striatum foi isolado o alcalóide licorina (Hs3) e dois compostos não identificados (Hs1 e Hs3). O alcalóide vitatina demonstrou inibir moderadamente o crescimento das células tumorais com os valores de IC50 ≤ 29 g/ml. A montanina apresentou o maior efeito antiproliferativo entre os produtos testados. Os valores de IC50 foram menores que 1,0 g/ml para as linhagens testadas. Os extratos diclorometano e n-BuOH de H. vittatum foram considerados antiproliferativos para as células tumorais humanas empregadas, com valores de absorvância 25% menores que o controle. Para as atividades inibidoras da enzima acetilcolinesterase e antioxidante, somente o composto Hv6 apresentou ação. A dose letal mediana para a montanina em camundongos machos foi calculada em 64 mg/kg i.p. A montanina não alterou a locomoção e a atividade exploratória de camundongos quando administrada pela via intraperitoneal (i.p.) nas doses de 10 e 30 mg/kg (CA). Na avaliação da atividade central da montanina administrada por via i.p., observamos atividade ansiolítica (0,1; 1,0; 3,0 mg/kg – LCE), antidepressiva (3,0 mg/kg - NF) e tendência para atividade hipnótica (ISP). No paradigma de memória de esquiva inibitória passiva, a montanina não alterou significativamente o comportamento dos ratos wistar, na via de administração e nas doses testadas. Na investigação comparativa da modulação da via de sinalização das MAPKs (envolvidas com a memória) em fatias hipocampais tratadas (ratos), concluiu-se que a montanina e a galantamina aumentam a fosforilação (atividade) das proteínas testadas. Os resultados obtidos para a galantamina sugerem um possível mecanismo de ação que explique bioquimicamente uma de suas ações que contribuem para a melhora da memória em ratos na esquiva inibitória.

Der fortschreitende Rabbinismus! : Zum 25-jährigen Landesrabbiner-Jubiläum des ... Lazarus Adler in Cassel, 20. Mai 1877

von Emanuel Schreiber

Simon Lazarus og hans Eferkommere

udg. paa Foranledning af Poul Hertz ved Josef Fischer

The sacred musical compositions of the late Israel Lazarus Mombach : containing the services for Sabbaths and festivals, New Year and Day of Atonement, consecration hymns, psalms and choral wedding service

ed. by M. Keizer

In Memoriam: Herbert E Wright Jr 1917-2015

Herbert E Wright Jr was one of the foremost Quaternary scientists of the last century. He made wide ranging contributions to our understanding of the late-Quaternary of North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. This was based largely on reconstructing palaeoenvironments from lake sediments and included the important implications for glacial, vegetational, fire and climatic history, geoarchaeology and conservation. Many of his inter-disciplinary research projects involved fieldwork with his graduate students and co-workers from the University of Minnesota where he created and led the renowned Limnological Research Center. Perhaps his most outstanding contribution was as an instigator of the Co-operative Holocene Mapping Project (COHMAP). This triggered a paradigm shift in Holocene climatic research involving the comparison of climate-model simulations of past climates with palaeoclimatic data.

Moritz Lazarus' Lebenserinnerungen

B. Münz

Lazarus' Ethik des Judenthums

B. Jacobs

Role of the proteasome and NF-κB in streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis

The transcription factor NF-κB activates a number of genes whose protein products are proinflammatory. In quiescent cells, NF-κB exists in a latent form and is activated via a signal-dependent proteolytic mechanism in which the inhibitory protein IκB is degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Consequently, inhibition of the proteasome suppresses activation of NF-κB. This suppression should therefore decrease transcription of many genes encoding proinflammatory proteins and should ultimately have an anti-inflammatory effect. To this end, a series of peptide boronic acid inhibitors of the proteasome, exemplified herein by PS-341, were developed. The proteasome is the large multimeric protease that catalyzes the final proteolytic step of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. PS-341, a potent, competitive inhibitor of the proteasome, readily entered cells and inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the subsequent transcription of genes that are regulated by NF-κB. Significantly, PS-341 displayed similar effects in vivo. Oral administration of PS-341 had anti-inflammatory effects in a model of Streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis and liver inflammation in rats. The attenuation of inflammation in this model was associated with an inhibition of IκB�� degradation and NF-κB-dependent gene expression. These experiments clearly demonstrate that the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and NF-κB play important roles in regulating chronic inflammation and that, as predicted, proteasome inhibition has an anti-inflammatory effect.

The administration of home relief in New York city. Submitted to Governor Herbert H. Lehman, June 24, 1935,

Mode of access: Internet.

Menticulture, or, The A-B-C of true living /

Kramer, S. Stone & Kimball & Herbert S. Stone & Co. bib, 1893-1905,

The life and letters of George William Frederick, fourth earl of Clarendon, K. G., G. C. B.

Mode of access: Internet.

A plea for liberty : an argument against socialism and socialistic legislation, consisting of an introduction by Herbert Spencer and essays by various writers /

Introduction. From freedom to bondage, by H. Spencer.--The impracticability of socialism, by E. S. Robertson.--The limits of liberty, by W. Donisthorpe.--Liberty for labour, by G. Howell.--State socialism in the Antipodes, by C. Fairfield.--The discontent of the working-classes, by E. Vincent.--Investment, by T. Mackay.--Free education, by B. H. Alford.--The housing of the working-classes and of the poor, by A. Raffalovich.--The evils of state trading as illustrated by the Post Office, by F. Millar.--Free libraries, by M. D. O'Brien.--The State and electrical distribution, by F. W. Beauchamp Gordon.--True line of deliverance, by A. Herbert.