Real-Time Control Of Floods Along The Demer River, Belgium, By Means Of MPC In Combination With GA And A Fast Conceptual River Model

Climate model projections show that climate change will further increase the risk of flooding in many regions of the world. There is a need for climate adaptation, but building new infrastructure or additional retention basins has its limits, especially in densely populated areas where open spaces are limited. Another solution is the more efficient use of the existing infrastructure. This research investigates a method for real-time flood control by means of existing gated weirs and retention basins. The method was tested for the specific study area of the Demer basin in Belgium but is generally applicable. Today, retention basins along the Demer River are controlled by means of adjustable gated weirs based on fixed logic rules. However, because of the high complexity of the system, only suboptimal results are achieved by these rules. By making use of precipitation forecasts and combined hydrological-hydraulic river models, the state of the river network can be predicted. To fasten the calculation speed, a conceptual river model was used. The conceptual model was combined with a Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm and a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The MPC algorithm predicts the state of the river network depending on the positions of the adjustable weirs in the basin. The GA generates these positions in a semi-random way. Cost functions, based on water levels, were introduced to evaluate the efficiency of each generation, based on flood damage minimization. In the final phase of this research the influence of the most important MPC and GA parameters was investigated by means of a sensitivity study. The results show that the MPC-GA algorithm manages to reduce the total flood volume during the historical event of September 1998 by 46% in comparison with the current regulation. Based on the MPC-GA results, some recommendations could be formulated to improve the logic rules.

Software Tools For Large Scale Interactive Hydrodynamic Modeling

Running hydrodynamic models interactively allows both visual exploration and change of model state during simulation. One of the main characteristics of an interactive model is that it should provide immediate feedback to the user, for example respond to changes in model state or view settings. For this reason, such features are usually only available for models with a relatively small number of computational cells, which are used mainly for demonstration and educational purposes. It would be useful if interactive modeling would also work for models typically used in consultancy projects involving large scale simulations. This results in a number of technical challenges related to the combination of the model itself and the visualisation tools (scalability, implementation of an appropriate API for control and access to the internal state). While model parallelisation is increasingly addressed by the environmental modeling community, little effort has been spent on developing a high-performance interactive environment. What can we learn from other high-end visualisation domains such as 3D animation, gaming, virtual globes (Autodesk 3ds Max, Second Life, Google Earth) that also focus on efficient interaction with 3D environments? In these domains high efficiency is usually achieved by the use of computer graphics algorithms such as surface simplification depending on current view, distance to objects, and efficient caching of the aggregated representation of object meshes. We investigate how these algorithms can be re-used in the context of interactive hydrodynamic modeling without significant changes to the model code and allowing model operation on both multi-core CPU personal computers and high-performance computer clusters.

Aplicação de imagens Aster para estudos territoriais no nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

É apresentada uma nova abordagem na técnica e na avaliação de área de florestas nativas, exóticas e uso do solo do Nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em particular no entorno da escarpa que divide os Campos de Cima da Serra e a Planície Costeira, caracterizada por apresentar espécies de Pinus elliotti Engelm var elliottiii e Pinus taeda L., Eucalyptus sp. e Araucaria angustifólia (Bert.) O. Ktze. e áreas de campo nativo. Nas últimas décadas tem se verificado avanço das florestas exóticas, principalmente de florestas de pinus, sobre as áreas de campo e florestas nativas, surgindo como uma das maiores fontes de exploração econômica da região. Parcialmente em razão disto, as florestas de araucária distribuem-se de forma pouco homogênea, em decorrência de décadas de desmatamento. As técnicas de classificação em Sensoriamento Remoto, usando imagens de Landsat, mostraram que é possível separar tipos diferentes de vegetação, e no exemplo das florestas na região estudada, tanto nativas como exóticas. As limitações em definições espacial e espectral até meados da década de 1990 motivaram o desenvolvimento de uma nova geração de satélites e sensores, incluindo o sensor ASTER a bordo do satélite Terra. Este sensor apresenta 14 bandas espectrais com diferentes resoluções espaciais, sendo usado nesta pesquisa suas 9 bandas correspondentes ao espectro de radiância refletida. O foco central deste trabalho está na utilização de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento para determinação de áreas de vegetação e uso do solo no extremo leste dos Campos de Cima da Serra, através de imagens orbitais do sensor ASTER. Utilizando métodos de classificação supervisionada foi possível caracterizar a área, separar as espécies vegetais entre si, além de quantificá-las O grupo das 9 bandas foram distribuídas em três grupos: com 3 bandas de resolução espacial de 15 metros no visível e infravermelho próximo (VNIR); com 6 bandas com resolução espacial de 30 metros no infravermelho médio (SWIR); e com 9 bandas com resolução espacial de 30 metros cobrindo toda a faixa de resolução espectral do espectro de radiância refletida do sensor ASTER (VNIR+SWIR). A metodologia incluiu processamento de imagem e classificação com o algoritmo de máxima verossimilhança gaussiana. Os resultados são: 1) é possível identificar tipos diferentes de manejo e idade nas florestas de Pinus elliottii (jovens, adulto, velho e manejado diferenciado); 2) a exatidão geral foi de 90,89% no subsistema VNIR, e o índice do Kappa foi de 0,81 em ambos subsistemas VNIR e (VNIR+SWIR); 3) a classificação apresentando o mapa do uso do solo mostra que, de forma geral, os dados de VNIR têm os melhores resultados, incluindo o detalhamento para pequenas áreas da superfície terrestre. O grupo (VNIR+SWIR) têm potencial superior para a determinação das classes araucária , eucalipto e pinus com manejo / pinus adulto , enquanto que o grupo SWIR não apresenta não vence em nenhuma classe; 4) com relação aos dados de exatidão geral resultantes do subsistema VNIR, a área estimada de pinus é 22,28% da área estudada (cena de 1543,63 quilômetros quadrados totais), e de araucária é 10,10%, revelando que aquela espécie exótica está mudando rapidamente a paisagem da região. Na comparação destes resultados com outros estudos na região pesquisada, verifica-se que a utilização de dados ASTER implica em um aumento na acurácia da classificação de vegetação em geral e que este sensor é altamente apropriado para estudos ambientais, devido a suas excelentes características espaciais e espectrais.

Importância e evolução crítica do mercado de capitais no Brasil e a situação dos acionistas minoritários

Relaciona aspectos da economia de mercado e o mecanismo preço na alocação eficiente de recursos na economia, além dos conceitos de poupança e investimento. Destaca o papel do sistema financeiro e do mercado de capitais no desenvolvimento econômico. Traça a evolução crítica do mercado financeiro e de capitais no Brasil. Analisa a situação dos acionistas minoritários e as práticas abusivas por parte dos controladores. Discute uma maior democratização do poder nas sociedades anônimas através do aumento do número de ações com direito a voto nas empresas.

Qualidade do gasto público em educação para os municípios da região metropolitana de Natal-2007

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the quality of public spending on education for the municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Natal (RMN) in 2009 by use of two theories: The Theory of Welfare (Welfare State) and the Public Choice Theory (TEP), both important to understand the relationship between education and economics. The study also uses principles of microeconomics and public sector economics to get a better idea of the role of education in economy and society. It describes the development of the educational policy in Brazil from 1988 to the Federal Constitution of 2010, following the major changes in basic education during each government. The characteristics of the RMN municipalities were illustrated with socioeconomic indicators, while educational indicators were used to characterize each municipality regarding education. The model used in this study was developed by Bertê, Brunet and Borges, the data was collected on the back of the School Census 2009 and the Brazil Exam 2009 and it was processed quantitavely in the Information System on Public Budgets in Education (SIOPE) by use of the statistical method called standardized score of the normal cumulative distribution function. The quality of public spending on education is the result of the relation between performance indicator ratio and expense ratio. For the qualitative analysis of results, the criteria of efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness were used. The study found that municipalities with higher expenses showed a worse quality of spending and failed to convert the expenditure incurred into performance, thus confirming ineffectiveness

Measurement of the relative sweetness of stevia extract, aspartame and cyclamate/saccharin blend as compared to sucrose at different concentrations

Special diets are used to mitigate many human diseases. When these diets require changes in carbohydrate content, then sweetness becomes an important characteristic. The range of low-calorie sweeteners available to the food industry is expanding. It is essential to have an exact knowledge of the relative sweetness of various sweeteners in relation to different sucrose concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine the variation on the relative sweetness of aspartame (APM), stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni] leaf extract (SrB) and the mixture cyclamate/saccharin - two parts of cyclamate and one part of saccharin - (C/S) with the increase in their concentrations, and in neutral and acid pH in equi-sweet concentration to 10% sucrose, using magnitude estimation. Sweetness equivalence of SrB in relation to sucrose concentrations of 20% or higher and of APM and C/S to sucrose concentrations of 40% or higher could not be determined, because a bitter taste predominated. The potency of all sweeteners decreased as the level of sweetner increased. In equi-sweet concentration of sucrose at 10%, with pH 7.0 and pH 3.0, the potency was practically the same for all sweeteners evaluated.

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to bottom quarks in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

First measurement of hadronic event shapes in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Taxa de semeadura de Brachiaria brizantha consorciada com milho na incidência de plantas daninhas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cysteine proteinase inhibitors regulate human and mouse osteoclastogenesis by interfering with RANK signaling

The cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C inhibited RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow macrophage cultures, an effect associated with decreased mRNA expression of Acp5, Calcr, Ctsk, Mmp9, Itgb3, and Atp6i, without effect on proliferation or apoptosis. The effects were concentration dependent with half-maximal inhibition at 0.3 μM. Cystatin C also inhibited osteoclast formation when RANKL-stimulated osteoclasts were cultured on bone, leading to decreased formation of resorption pits. RANKL-stimulated cells retained characteristics of phagocytotic macrophages when cotreated with cystatin C. Three other cysteine proteinase inhibitors, cystatin D, Z-RLVG-CHN2 (IC50 0.1 μM), and E-64 (IC 50 3 μM), also inhibited osteoclast formation in RANKL-stimulated macrophages. In addition, cystatin C, Z-RLVG-CHN2, and E-64 inhibited osteoclastic differentiation of RANKL-stimulated CD14+ human monocytes. The effect by cystatin C on differentiation of bone marrow macrophages was exerted at an early stage after RANKL stimulation and was associated with early (4 h) inhibition of c-Fos expression and decreased protein and nuclear translocation of c-Fos. Subsequently, p52, p65, IκBα, and Nfatc1 mRNA were decreased. Cystatin C was internalized in osteoclast progenitors, a process requiring RANKL stimulation. These data show that cystatin C inhibits osteoclast differentiation and formation by interfering intracellularly with signaling pathways downstream RANK. © FASEB.

Planificación regional en América Latina, ¿teoría o práctica?

Incluye Bibliografía

Otimização e estudo do comportamento do solo-cimento auto-adensável

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)