Real-time monitoring of electrochemically active biofilm developing behavior on bioanode by using EQCM and ATR/FTIR

In the current study, the relationship between current and biomass and bio-adhesion mechanism of electrogenic biofilm on electrode were investigated using EQCM and ATR-SEIRAS linking electrochemistry. The results indicated that cellular biomass of biofilm on QCM-crystal surface showed maximum value of 6.0 μg/cm2 in initial batch and 11.5 μg/cm2 in the second batch on mature biofilm, producing a similar maximum current density of 110 μA/μg. Especially, the optimum cell biomass linking high electricity production ratio (110 μA/μg) occurred before maximum biomass coming, implying that over-growth mature biofilm is not an optimum state for enhancing power output of MFCs. On the other hand, the spectra using ATR-SEIRAS technique linking electrochemistry obviously exhibited water structure adsorption change at early biofilm formation and meanwhile the water adsorption accompanied the adsorbed bacteria and the bound cells population on the electrode increased with time. Meanwhile, the direct contact of bacteria and electrode via outer-membrane protein can be confirmed via a series spectra shift at amide I and amide II modes and water movement from negative bands displacing by adsorbed bacteria. Our study provided supplementary information about the interaction between the microbes and electrode beyond traditional electrochemistry.

100 ginānjī ćopaḍī ćogaḍīevārī

Ends with prayer seeking for forgiveness for mistakes.

100 ginānjī:ćopaḍī:ćogaḍīe:vārī

Pīr Ṣadr ad-Dīn, Pīr Shams, Pīr Ḥasan Shāh ... [et al.].

Ārtī:dhûā:vakhat:tredjī:sāñjījā:ćogaḍīā:5

Pīr Ṣadr ad-Dīn, Pīr Imām Shāh.

[ 3 ginān books

Pīr Ǵulām ʻAlī Shāh ... [et al.]].

Un théologien-philosophe du XIIIe siècle : Étude sur la vie, les oeuvres et l'influence de Godefroid de Fontaines /

"Couronné par la Classe des lettres et des sciences morales et politiques, dans la séance du 4 mai 1903."

Field evaluation of innovative active warning devices for use at railroad-highway grade crossings /

"August 1988."

Gayumarth enthroned in the mountains from a Shahnama (Book of kings) by Firdawsi

11 31/32 in.x 8 35/64 in.; ink, opaque watercolor, gold and silver on paper

New Zealand : further papers relative to the affairs of New Zealand (in continuation of papers presented 14th August, 1850) : presented to both houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty, 7th August, 1851.

Mode of access: Internet.

The U.S. Army in peace operations at the dawning of the twenty-first century /

Mode of access: Internet.

Annan zhi lue.

Mode of access: Internet.

Studier over Hâfiz, med sideblik til andre persiske lyrikere,

Thesis--Copenhagen.

Şerh-i Divan-i Hafız /

Özege, M. S. Eski harflerle,

Dīvān-i Ḥāfiẓ Shirāzī.

Spine title: Divan-i Hafiz-i Şirazi.

Annals of the twenty-ninth century; or, The autobiography of the tenth President of the World-Republic.

Mode of access: Internet.