An in vivo ultrahigh field 14.1 T (1) H-MRS study on 6-OHDA and α-synuclein-based rat models of Parkinson's disease: GABA as an early disease marker.

The detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) in its preclinical stages prior to outright neurodegeneration is essential to the development of neuroprotective therapies and could reduce the number of misdiagnosed patients. However, early diagnosis is currently hampered by lack of reliable biomarkers. (1) H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a noninvasive measure of brain metabolite levels that allows the identification of such potential biomarkers. This study aimed at using MRS on an ultrahigh field 14.1 T magnet to explore the striatal metabolic changes occurring in two different rat models of the disease. Rats lesioned by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the medial-forebrain bundle were used to model a complete nigrostriatal lesion while a genetic model based on the nigral injection of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector coding for the human α-synuclein was used to model a progressive neurodegeneration and dopaminergic neuron dysfunction, thereby replicating conditions closer to early pathological stages of PD. MRS measurements in the striatum of the 6-OHDA rats revealed significant decreases in glutamate and N-acetyl-aspartate levels and a significant increase in GABA level in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the contralateral one, while the αSyn overexpressing rats showed a significant increase in the GABA striatal level only. Therefore, we conclude that MRS measurements of striatal GABA levels could allow for the detection of early nigrostriatal defects prior to outright neurodegeneration and, as such, offers great potential as a sensitive biomarker of presymptomatic PD.

Monitoreo bio-oceanográfico pesquero LP IMARPE IV 0106, de Playuelas (17°16'S) a dominio marítimo sur del Perú (18°21'S)

Analiza las condiciones biológicas y oceanográficas relacionadas con la distribución y abundancia de las principales especies pelágico-costeras, con énfasis en el recurso anchoveta. El monitoreo bio-oceanográfico pesquero se realizó del 06 al 10 de junio de 2001 hasta una distancia máxima de aproximadamente 40 mm de la costa.

Carte de la France / dressée par Mrs Charle et L. Badré,... ; sous la direction de Mr Letronne,...

Échelle(s) : 1:800 000

Mémoire sur le chemin de St-Jean-Pied-de-Port à Roncevaux, au mois d'aoust 1753

Ancien possesseur : Argenson, Antoine-René de Voyer (1722-1787 ; marquis de Paulmy d')

Mémoire relatif à la carte des vallées d'Aspe, d'Ossau, d'Asson, d'Azun et Barretous, dans les montagnes des Pirennées, depuis Oleron jusques aux vallées de Canfran, et de Biescas frontiere de l'Arragon, visitées, et corrigées par M.rs d'Arnou, et Touros dans le mois de 7.bre 1753

Ancien possesseur : Argenson, Antoine-René de Voyer (1722-1787 ; marquis de Paulmy d')

Diffusion-weighted spectroscopy: a novel approach to determine macromolecule resonances in short-echo time 1H-MRS.

Quantification of short-echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy results in >18 metabolite concentrations (neurochemical profile). Their quantification accuracy depends on the assessment of the contribution of macromolecule (MM) resonances, previously experimentally achieved by exploiting the several fold difference in T(1). To minimize effects of heterogeneities in metabolites T(1), the aim of the study was to assess MM signal contributions by combining inversion recovery (IR) and diffusion-weighted proton spectroscopy at high-magnetic field (14.1 T) and short echo time (= 8 msec) in the rat brain. IR combined with diffusion weighting experiments (with δ/Δ = 1.5/200 msec and b-value = 11.8 msec/μm(2)) showed that the metabolite nulled spectrum (inversion time = 740 msec) was affected by residuals attributed to creatine, inositol, taurine, choline, N-acetylaspartate as well as glutamine and glutamate. While the metabolite residuals were significantly attenuated by 50%, the MM signals were almost not affected (< 8%). The combination of metabolite-nulled IR spectra with diffusion weighting allows a specific characterization of MM resonances with minimal metabolite signal contributions and is expected to lead to a more precise quantification of the neurochemical profile.

Mrs. Ada E. North, 2002

Brief history of Mrs. Ada E. North, seventh State Librarian for the state of Iowa,; served from 1871-1878. Founder of Iowa Library Association.

Annales de l'abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés (555-1743), et pièces annexes jusqu'en 1753. I Années 555-1695.

Annales très abrégées jusque vers le milieu du XVII e siècle, et plus développées ensuite. — On y a inséré un certain nombre de gravures et de pièces imprimées, parmi lesquelles : Épitaphe de Matthieu Molé, avec son portrait gravé par Robert Nanteuil, 1656, exemplaire sur vélin, placard grand in-folio (fol. 36) ; — Épitaphe de Pompone II de Bellièvre, avec son portrait en pied, gravé par J. Lenfant, 1657, placard grand in-folio (fol. 74) ; — Factums (fol. 43, etc.) ; — « Mausolée fait pour le service de la Reine dans l'église... de Saint-Germain-des-Prez..., 15 septembre 1683 », planches gravées (fol. 139 et 140) ; — Mandements impr. du cardinal de Furstemberg, abbé de Saint-Germain-des-???Prés, et autres (fol. 156, etc.) ; — Prospectus de l'édition de la Divina Bibliotheca de saint Jérôme, par les PP. Jean MARTIANAY et Antoine POUGET, 1693, in-8°, impr. (fol. 181) ; — « Lettre de M r PINSON, advocat en Parlement, adressée à M r Chassebras, escuyer, seigneur de Cramailles, du 1 er may 1692 », sur plusieurs religieux de l'abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, in-4°, impr. (fol. 191) ; — Planches gravées d'archéologie (fol. 247 et 248). — On remarque, en outre : Plans manuscrits de l'église de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, en 1644, « année de son rétablissement » (fol. 66), et en décembre 1656 (fol. 67), — et Plan des modifications introduites dans l'édifice entre ces deux dates (fol. 68) ; — Déclaration orig. de Robert « Audrenas » et d'« Anne Marcellin », sa femme, concernant une relique de saint Benoît, 1657 (fol. 70), — et Pièces, manuscrites et impr., concernant diverses reliques transférées à Saint-Germain-des-Prés (fol. 249) ; — « Livre des fondations faictes à l'abbaye de Sainct-Germain-des-Prez », 1613-1713 (fol. 229) ; — « Extraict du Registre des choses notables arrivées dans le monastère de Saint-Germain-des-Prez, à Paris », 1683, sur la mort de Louis-César de Bourbon, comte du Vexin, abbé de Saint-Germaindes-Prés (fol. 233). — Table des matières (fol. 253).

Feasibility of in vivo 15N MRS detection of hyperpolarized 15N labeled choline in rats.

The increase of total choline in tumors has become an important biomarker in cancer diagnosis. Choline and choline metabolites can be measured in vivo and in vitro using multinuclear MRS. Recent in vivo(13)C MRS studies using labeled substrates enhanced via dynamic nuclear polarization demonstrated the tremendous potential of hyperpolarization for real-time metabolic studies. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting hyperpolarized (15)N labeled choline in vivo in a rat head at 9.4 T. We furthermore report the in vitro (172 +/- 16 s) and in vivo (126 +/- 15 s) longitudinal relaxation times. We conclude that with appropriate infusion protocols it is feasible to detect hyperpolarized (15)N labeled choline in live animals.