La cartografía de las Memorias Generales de Repoblación de 1878: bosquejos y croquis dasográficos y agronómicos

Las Memorias Generales de Repoblación surgen con las disposiciones que desarrollan la Ley de 11 de julio de 1877 sobre repoblación, fomento y mejora de los montes públicos. Elaboradas por el personal de los distritos forestales, se envían al Ministerio de Fomento entre 1878 y 1884. Además de contener los objetivos y las actuaciones repobladoras propuestas por cada distrito, también reflejan, desde el punto de vista de los ingenieros del ramo, la situación de los montes españoles e incluyen en ocasiones, dentro de esta lógica descriptiva, una cartografía básica de contenido forestal, agronómico y geológico. Ésta es conocida en unos pocos casos a través de los originales publicados a mayor escala; pero en otros no se tenía constancia de su existencia más que por referencias documentales. Unos y otros ejemplos se enmarcan dentro del esfuerzo cartográfico español que caracteriza la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.

England's peasantry and other essays,

"These essays are reprinted by permission of the proprietors of the ʹxixth century and afterʹ."

El marxismo latinoamericano de papel : La política editorial de Jorge Abelardo Ramos a comienzos de los años sesentas

La importancia del marxismo en el pensamiento latinoamericano ha sido señalada en reiteradas oportunidades. Su capacidad para generar diversos proyectos políticos y culturales fue una característica central de dicha tradición, desplegada a través de distintos agentes e instituciones desde la llegada de los escritos de Marx y Engels a América Latina a fines del siglo XIX. Sin embargo, buena parte de esa historia todavía es parcial, anclada en perspectivas nacionales y poco atenta al estudio de sus formas materiales, esto es, a aquellos aspectos a través de los cuales el discurso marxista logró conformar una materialidad específica, tanto para la elaboración teórica como la acción de militantes, obreros, estudiantes e intelectuales. El trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer una exploración del marxismo latinoamericano desde la perspectiva de la reconstrucción de su mundo impreso, a partir de delinear una serie de problemas, temas y reflexiones solventados en el estudio de la editorial Coyoacán de Jorge Abelardo Ramos a principios de los años sesentas en la Argentina

Obediencia- desobediencia del derecho : Una propuesta de diálogo entre iusfilosofía e historia

Propongo tomar una perspectiva a la vez filosófica e histórica pensando en torno al problema más abstracto de los límites a la obediencia de la norma en términos teóricos por un lado (poniendo en diálogo construcciones iuspositivistas e iusnaturalistas) y ejemplos concretos que pueden notarse en la práctica de los abogados penales durante el siglo XIX en Buenos Aires en particular el de los casos de violación en varones. Si bien no existe codificación formal hay persecución formal y pena del delito a partir de la denuncia y en contradicción con la idea de obediencia a la ley formal y a ciertos principios considerados fundamentales (no penar sin ley previa). En estos casos que tomo como base para la reflexión se puede ver no sólo el conflicto jurídico sino su relación con cuestiones que pueden considerarse "no-jurídicas" como ideas sobre la sexualidad, la honorabilidad y las consecuencias para la sociedad de este delito, que llevan a una práctica jurídica desobediente/disidente de la ley formal. Planteo que en ocasiones la desobediencia con fundamentos puede garantizar no sólo una forma del hacer -y de entender el hacer- justicia sino llevar al cambio en las normas como, para el caso en particular, ocurrió en 1903.

Tierra y revolución : La campaña salteña en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX

La formación de la Junta de Gobierno en Buenos Aires en 1810 dio inicio a un proceso político que adquirió derroteros diversos en el interior del extenso territorio perteneciente al Virreinato del Río de la Plata. Al igual que en las provincias del Alto Perú, la jurisdicción de Salta fue escenario de una guerra de recursos de la cual participó la población rural integrando las milicias provinciales o "Escuadrones Gauchos". Interesa entonces observar en qué medida el conflicto bélico agudizó y puso en evidencia las tensiones existentes por los derechos de propiedad y usufructo de la tierra ya manifestadas a fines del siglo XVIII, particularmente en el valle de Lerma, y su incidencia en las disputas en torno a la tierra que tuvieron lugar luego de concluida la guerra en la provincia de Salta.

Tierra y revolución : La campaña salteña en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX

La formación de la Junta de Gobierno en Buenos Aires en 1810 dio inicio a un proceso político que adquirió derroteros diversos en el interior del extenso territorio perteneciente al Virreinato del Río de la Plata. Al igual que en las provincias del Alto Perú, la jurisdicción de Salta fue escenario de una guerra de recursos de la cual participó la población rural integrando las milicias provinciales o "Escuadrones Gauchos". Interesa entonces observar en qué medida el conflicto bélico agudizó y puso en evidencia las tensiones existentes por los derechos de propiedad y usufructo de la tierra ya manifestadas a fines del siglo XVIII, particularmente en el valle de Lerma, y su incidencia en las disputas en torno a la tierra que tuvieron lugar luego de concluida la guerra en la provincia de Salta.

Obediencia- desobediencia del derecho : Una propuesta de diálogo entre iusfilosofía e historia

Propongo tomar una perspectiva a la vez filosófica e histórica pensando en torno al problema más abstracto de los límites a la obediencia de la norma en términos teóricos por un lado (poniendo en diálogo construcciones iuspositivistas e iusnaturalistas) y ejemplos concretos que pueden notarse en la práctica de los abogados penales durante el siglo XIX en Buenos Aires en particular el de los casos de violación en varones. Si bien no existe codificación formal hay persecución formal y pena del delito a partir de la denuncia y en contradicción con la idea de obediencia a la ley formal y a ciertos principios considerados fundamentales (no penar sin ley previa). En estos casos que tomo como base para la reflexión se puede ver no sólo el conflicto jurídico sino su relación con cuestiones que pueden considerarse "no-jurídicas" como ideas sobre la sexualidad, la honorabilidad y las consecuencias para la sociedad de este delito, que llevan a una práctica jurídica desobediente/disidente de la ley formal. Planteo que en ocasiones la desobediencia con fundamentos puede garantizar no sólo una forma del hacer -y de entender el hacer- justicia sino llevar al cambio en las normas como, para el caso en particular, ocurrió en 1903.

Tierra y revolución : La campaña salteña en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX

La formación de la Junta de Gobierno en Buenos Aires en 1810 dio inicio a un proceso político que adquirió derroteros diversos en el interior del extenso territorio perteneciente al Virreinato del Río de la Plata. Al igual que en las provincias del Alto Perú, la jurisdicción de Salta fue escenario de una guerra de recursos de la cual participó la población rural integrando las milicias provinciales o "Escuadrones Gauchos". Interesa entonces observar en qué medida el conflicto bélico agudizó y puso en evidencia las tensiones existentes por los derechos de propiedad y usufructo de la tierra ya manifestadas a fines del siglo XVIII, particularmente en el valle de Lerma, y su incidencia en las disputas en torno a la tierra que tuvieron lugar luego de concluida la guerra en la provincia de Salta.

Obediencia- desobediencia del derecho : Una propuesta de diálogo entre iusfilosofía e historia

Propongo tomar una perspectiva a la vez filosófica e histórica pensando en torno al problema más abstracto de los límites a la obediencia de la norma en términos teóricos por un lado (poniendo en diálogo construcciones iuspositivistas e iusnaturalistas) y ejemplos concretos que pueden notarse en la práctica de los abogados penales durante el siglo XIX en Buenos Aires en particular el de los casos de violación en varones. Si bien no existe codificación formal hay persecución formal y pena del delito a partir de la denuncia y en contradicción con la idea de obediencia a la ley formal y a ciertos principios considerados fundamentales (no penar sin ley previa). En estos casos que tomo como base para la reflexión se puede ver no sólo el conflicto jurídico sino su relación con cuestiones que pueden considerarse "no-jurídicas" como ideas sobre la sexualidad, la honorabilidad y las consecuencias para la sociedad de este delito, que llevan a una práctica jurídica desobediente/disidente de la ley formal. Planteo que en ocasiones la desobediencia con fundamentos puede garantizar no sólo una forma del hacer -y de entender el hacer- justicia sino llevar al cambio en las normas como, para el caso en particular, ocurrió en 1903.

Picasso y Cornuty. La absenta como adicción cambiosecular europea

Electricity coined the nightlife in the European capital par excellence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: Paris. Under the artificial reflection dandies, elegant workers, and bohemians flocked to the new playground. Painters, converted to urban chroniclers, show pictorial modernity and vitality; in the canvas of Manet, Toulouse-Lautrec, Degas or Jean Béraud we see a common element: the glass of absinthe on the table. The absinthe took sacrosanct dyes in the daily living of Parisian habitants and became an indispensable ritual to Henri Albert Cornuty, a poet who was part of the Madrid bohemian and in the gallery of disinherited that Picasso painted in blue stage. A writer and a painter that bring us to the drink-image of the intelligentsia of the time; this elixir was attributed with hypnotic, aphrodisiac and hallucinogenic powers; the myth of absinthe was part of the imaginary Paris at end of the century, an iconography that continues shaping identity in the twenty-first century.

Os tímpanos como instrumento solista no contexto da percussão de altura definida

Com este projecto pretende-se abordar uma vertente no estudo dos Tímpanos que, ao longo da sua história, tem sido marginal, relativamente à sua utilização "normal" de instrumento de orquestra - A utilização de Tímpanos como instrumento solista, especialmente na situação de solista não concertista. Para a persecução deste objectivo será traçada a trajectória evolutiva do instrumento ao longo da História da Música, tanto do ponto de vista das suas características de construção como da sua utilização pelos compositores ao longo do tempo. Não pode, por isso, deixar de ser feita uma abordagem da utilização dos Tímpanos em Orquestra, pois foi a utilização orquestral o "motor" da evolução do instrumento. Em complemento ao atrás enunciado, será igualmente desenvolvido o tema das preocupações de respeito pelo contexto histórico aplicado ao caso específico dos Tímpanos. Será igualmente feita uma tentativa de identificação de existência de exemplares antigos em Bandas de Música amadoras, através da realização de um inquérito. Por fim será traçado o quadro geral da utilização dos Tímpanos em Portugal nos dias de hoje. Atenção especial será dada a composições onde o objecto de estudo deste projecto está, mais directamente, em evidência. É este o caso de Marche (1685) dos irmãos Philidor, de um conjunto de Concertos e Sinfonias para múltiplos Tímpanos do final do século XVIII e das Eight Pieces for Four Timpani (1950/1966) de Elliott Carter. No caso da Marche será feita uma pequena análise e realizada uma edição moderna. No caso das peças para Tímpanos de Elliott Carter, será analisada com mais profundidade a peça Moto Perpetuo. Até ao final do século XVIII os Tímpanos foram, quase exclusivamente, os únicos instrumentos de Percussão usados na Música Erudita Ocidental. A partir do século XIX a secção da Percussão foi enriquecida com inúmeros novos elementos. Entre eles, novos instrumentos de Percussão de altura definida a que os Tímpanos pertencem. Será, tal como para os Tímpanos, traçado o seu trajecto de evolução e assim será completado o quadro actual da Percussão de altura definida. O Recital concretiza os principais pontos explorados no trabalho escrito, através da apresentação de um conjunto de obras apresentadas por ordem cronológica: -Marche de André e Jacques Philidor (1685) - Eight Pieces for Four Timpani de Elliott Carter (1950/1966) (March, Saeta, Moto Perpetuo, Recitative) - Concerto pour Percussion et Orquestre de André Jolivet (1958) (andamentos I, II e III) - OMAR Due pezzi per Vibrafono de Franco Donatoni (1985) ABSTRACT: Investigate the marginal use of the Timpani as a solo instrument is the main object of this study. ln order to achieve this main goal, we will point out the evolution of the instrument along Music History. We will focus both: the main characteristics of its construction and the way they have been used by composers. Bearing these facts in mind, we will also center our attention on the way that Timpani have been used at Orchestras, which had certainly leaded to the development of the instrument we are studying. At the same time, we will study historical respect and performance, by contextualizing the different historical periods of Timpani. It is also important to have information about the quantity of Timpani used at amateur musical bands in Portugal, mainly in what concerns ancient instruments. These elements will allow us to draw a general idea about the way Timpani are used in Portugal. ln order to have concrete examples of the Timpani as a solo instrument, we will analyze the following compositions: Marche de Timba/les (1685) by André and Jacques Philidor; The ensemble of Concerts and Symphonies for multiple Timpani from the end of the XVIIIth century; The Eight Pieces for Four Timpani (1950/1966) by Elliott Carter. Bearing in mind that other Defined Pitch Percussion Instruments have emerged at the beginning of the XIXth century, we will also study the evolution of those instruments. The Recital will materialize the main aspects we have focused at our written work and already mentioned above. The presentation will follow a chronological sequence as indicated: Marche de Timballes by André and Jacques Philidor (1685) Eight Pieces for Four Timpani by Elliott Carter (1950/1966) (March, Saeta, Moto Perpetuo, Recitative) - Concerto pour Percussion et Orquestre by André Jolivet (1958) (Movements I, II, III) Omar Due Pezzi per Vibrafono by Franco Donatoni (1985)

Eastwards / westwards: which direction for gender studies in the 21st century?

Eastwards / Westwards: Which Direction for Gender Studies in the XXIst Century? is a collection of essays which focus on themes and methods that characterize current research into gender in Asian countries in general. In this collection, ideas derived from Gender Studies elsewhere in the world have been subjected to scrutiny for their utility in helping to describe and understand regional phenomena. But the concepts of Local and Global – with their discoursive productions – have not functioned as a binary opposition: localism and globalism are mutually constitutive and researchers have interrogated those spaces of interaction between the ‘self’ and the ‘other’, bearing in mind their own embeddedness in social and cultural structures and their own historical memory. Contributors to this collection provided a critical transnational perspective on some of the complex effects of the dynamics of cultural globalization, by exploring the relation between gender and development, language, historiography, education and culture. We have also given attention to the ideological and rhetorical processes through which gender identity is constructed, by comparing textual grids and patterns of expectation. Likewise, we have discussed the role of ethnography, anthropology, historiography, sociology, fiction, popular culture and colonial and post-colonial sources in (re)inventing old/new male/female identities, their conversion into concepts and circulation through time and space. This multicultural and trans-disciplinary selection of essays is totally written in English, fully edited and revised, therefore, it has a good potential for an immediate international circulation. This project may trace new paths and issues for discussion on what concerns the life, practices and narratives by and about women in Asia, as well as elsewhere in the present day global experience. Academic readership: Researchers, scholars, educators, graduate and post-graduate students, doctoral students and general non-fiction readers, with a special interest in Gender Studies, Asia, Colonial and Post-Colonial Literature, Anthropology, Cultural Studies, History, Historiography, Politics, Race, Feminism, Language, Linguistics, Power, Political and Feminist Agendas, Popular Culture, Education, Women’s Writing, Religion, Multiculturalism, Globalisation, Migration. Chapter summary: 1. “Social Gender Stereotypes and their Implication in Hindi”, Anjali Pande, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. This essay looks at the subtle ways in which gender identities are constructed and reinforced in India through social norms of language use. Language itself becomes a medium for perpetuating gender stereotypes, forcing its speakers to confirm to socially defined gender roles. Using examples from a classroom discussion about a film, this essay will highlight the underlying rigid male-female stereotypes in Indian society with their more obvious expressions in language. For the urban woman in India globalisation meant increased economic equality and exposure to changed lifestyles. On an individual level it also meant redefining gender relations and changing the hierarchy in man-­woman relationships. With the economic independence there is a heightened sense of liberation in all spheres of social life, a confidence to fuzz the rigid boundaries of gender roles. With the new films and media celebrating this liberated woman, who is ready to assert her sexual needs, who is ready to explode those long held notions of morality, one would expect that the changes are not just superficial. But as it soon became obvious in the course of a classroom discussion about relationships and stereotypes related to age, the surface changes can not become part of the common vocabulary, for the obvious reason that there is still a vast gap between the screen image of this new woman and the ground reality. Social considerations define the limits of this assertiveness of women, whereas men are happy to be liberal within the larger frame of social sanctions. The educated urban woman in India speaks in favour of change and the educated urban male supports her, but one just needs to scratch the surface to see the time tested formulae of gender roles firmly in place. The way the urban woman happily balances this emerging promise of independence with her gendered social identity, makes it necessary to rethink some aspects of looking at gender in a gradually changing, traditional society like India. 2. “The Linguistic Dimension of Gender Equality”, Alissa Tolstokorova, Kiev Centre for Gender Information and Education, Ukraine. The subject-matter of this essay is gender justice in language which, as I argue, may be achieved through the development of a gender-related approach to linguistic human rights. The last decades of the 20th century, globally marked by a “gender shift” in attitudes to language policy, gave impetus to the social movement for promoting linguistic gender equality. It was initiated in Western Europe and nowadays is moving eastwards, as ideas of gender democracy progress into developing countries. But, while in western societies gender discrimination through language, or linguistic sexism, was an issue of concern for over three decades, in developing countries efforts to promote gender justice in language are only in their infancy. My argument is that to promote gender justice in language internationally it is necessary to acknowledge the rights of women and men to equal representation of their gender in language and speech and, therefore, raise a question of linguistic rights of the sexes. My understanding is that the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights in 1996 provided this opportunity to address the problem of gender justice in language as a human rights issue, specifically as a gender dimension of linguistic human rights. 3. “The Rebirth of an Old Language: Issues of Gender Equality in Kazakhstan”, Maria Helena Guimarães, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal. The existing language situation in Kazakhstan, while peaceful, is not without some tension. We propose to analyze here some questions we consider relevant in the frame of cultural globalization and gender equality, such as: free from Russian imperialism, could Kazakhstan become an easy prey of Turkey’s “imperialist dream”? Could these traditionally Muslim people be soon facing the end of religious tolerance and gender equality, becoming this new old language an easy instrument for the infiltration in the country of fundamentalism (it has already crossed the boarders of Uzbekistan), leading to a gradual deterioration of its rich multicultural relations? The present structure of the language is still very fragile: there are three main dialects and many academics defend the re-introduction of the Latin alphabet, thus enlarging the possibility of cultural “contamination” by making the transmission of fundamentalist ideas still easier through neighbour countries like Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan (their languages belong to the same sub-group of Common Turkic), where the Latin alphabet is already in use, and where the ground for such ideas shown itself very fruitful. 4. “Construction of Womanhood in the Bengali Language of Bangladesh”, Raasheed Mahmood; University of New South Wales, Sydney. The present essay attempts to explore the role of gender-based language differences and of certain markers that reveal the status accorded to women in Bangladesh. Discrimination against women, in its various forms, is endemic in communities and countries around the world, cutting across class, race, age, and religious and national boundaries. One cannot understand the problems of gender discrimination solely by referring to the relationship of power or authority between men and women. Rather one needs to consider the problem by relating it to the specific social formation in which the image of masculinity and femininity is constructed and reconstructed. Following such line of reasoning this essay will examine the nature of gender bias in the Bengali language of Bangladesh, holding the conviction that as a product of social reality language reflects the socio-cultural behaviour of the community who speaks it. This essay will also attempt to shed some light on the processes through which gender based language differences produce actual consequences for women, who become exposed to low self-esteem, depression and systematic exclusion from public discourse. 5. “Marriage in China as an expression of a changing society”, Elisabetta Rosado David, University of Porto, Portugal, and Università Ca’Foscari, Venezia, Italy. In 29 April 2001, the new Marriage Law was promulgated in China. The first law on marriage was proclaimed in 1950 with the objective of freeing women from the feudal matrimonial system. With the second law, in 1981, values and conditions that had been distorted by the Cultural Revolution were recovered. Twenty years later, a new reform was started, intending to update marriage in the view of the social and cultural changes that occurred with Deng Xiaoping’s “open policy”. But the legal reform is only the starting point for this case-study. The rituals that are followed in the wedding ceremony are often hard to understand and very difficult to standardize, especially because China is a vast country, densely populated and characterized by several ethnic minorities. Two key words emerge from this issue: syncretism and continuity. On this basis, we can understand tradition in a better way, and analyse whether or not marriage, as every social manifestation, has evolved in harmony with Chinese culture. 6. “The Other Woman in the Portuguese Colonial Empire: The Case of Portuguese India”, Maria de Deus Manso, University of Évora, Portugal. This essay researches the social, cultural and symbolic history of local women in the Portuguese Indian colonial enclaves. The normative Portuguese overseas history has not paid any attention to the “indigenous” female populations in colonial Portuguese territories, albeit the large social importance of these social segments largely used in matrimonial and even catholic missionary strategies. The first attempt to open fresh windows in the history of this new field was the publication of Charles Boxer’s referential study about Women in lberian Overseas Expansion, edited in Portugal only after the Revolution of 1975. After this research we can only quote some other fragmentary efforts. In fact, research about the social, cultural, religious, political and symbolic situation of women in the Portuguese colonial territories, from the XVI to the XX century, is still a minor historiographic field. In this essay we discuss this problem and we study colonial representations of women in the Portuguese Indian enclaves, mainly in the territory of Goa, using case studies methodologies. 7. “Heading East this Time: Critical Readings on Gender in Southeast Asia”, Clara Sarmento, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal. This essay intends to discuss some critical readings of fictional and theoretical texts on gender condition in Southeast Asian countries. Nowadays, many texts about women in Southeast Asia apply concepts of power in unusual areas. Traditional forms of gender hegemony have been replaced by other powerful, if somewhat more covert, forms. We will discuss some universal values concerning conventional female roles as well as the strategies used to recognize women in political fields traditionally characterized by male dominance. Female empowerment will mean different things at different times in history, as a result of culture, local geography and individual circumstances. Empowerment needs to be perceived as an individual attitude, but it also has to be facilitated at the macro­level by society and the State. Gender is very much at the heart of all these dynamics, strongly related to specificities of historical, cultural, ethnic and class situatedness, requiring an interdisciplinary transnational approach.

Identity formation at the beginning of the twenty-first century: Intersubjectivity, art, and medicine in Siri Hustvedt’s works

„Ich bin, weil du bist“ – so lautet eines der Schlüsselzitate in What I Loved, dem 2003 erschienenen dritten Roman der zeitgenössischen amerikanischen Autorin Siri Hustvedt. Die Bedeutung von Beziehung und Interaktion für die Identitätsbildung spielt eine zentrale Rolle nicht nur in diesem Roman, sondern auch in ihrem Gesamtwerk, das vier Romane, ein memoir, drei Essay-Sammlungen und einen Lyrikband umfasst. Hustvedt erforscht die Identität als ein vielschichtiges Produkt bewusster und unbewusster Verknüpfungen innerhalb der sozialen und biologischen Umwelt. Das Bewusstsein wird als eine dialogisch geprägte Entität gezeigt, dessen Identität erst durch die Beziehung auf ein Anderes geformt werden kann. Um dem Mysterium der menschlichen Identitätsfindung nachzuspüren, bedient sich Hustvedt sowohl philosophischer, psychoanalytischer, biologischer als auch kunsttheoretischer Diskurse. In ihren Romanen stellt sich die Frage nach der Erklärung von Identität als komplexe Problematik dar: Ist die Beziehung zu anderen Menschen vor allem durch unsere Entwicklung als Kind und die Nähe zu Bezugspersonen geprägt? In welchem Ausmaß ist das Empfinden von Subjektivität beeinflusst von körperlichen und unbewussten Mechanismen? Inwiefern ist die Wahrnehmung visueller Kunst eine Kooperation zwischen Betrachter und Künstler? rnDiesen und anderen Fragen geht diese Dissertation nach, indem sie Hustvedts Werk als Anlass für eine Analyse intersubjektiver Strukturen der Identität nimmt. Die Intersubjektivitätsphiloso¬phien von Hegel, Buber, Bakhtin, Husserl, und Merleau-Ponty dienen hierbei als Ausgangspunkt für die Interpretation von relationaler Identität in Hustvedts Werken. Die Dissertation konzentriert sich auf Hustvedts Darstellung der Beziehung zwischen Selbst und Anderem in der Photographie und in der Malerei, der Überschreitung von Körpergrenzen in Hysterie und Anorexie sowie der Auswirkung des Verlustes von Bezugspersonen auf die persönliche Identität. Entscheidend für den Hustvedtschen Kunstbegriff ist das Zusammenspiel von Kunstobjekt, Künstler und Betrachter. Die Grenzen zwischen Innerem und Äußeren werden aufgelöst: mal wird der Rezipient Teil des Kunstwerks, mal verschmilzt der Künstler förmlich mit seinem Objekt. Auch hier wird wiederum deutlich, dass Identität nur in Wechselbeziehung und als zwischenmenschliche Kooperation entsteht. Hustvedt betritt durch ihre einzigartige Auseinandersetzung mit den Wechselbeziehungen und fragilen Grenzen zwischen Ich und Umwelt Neuland auf dem Gebiet der literarischen Identitätsforschung, da sie ihr Prinzip des „mixing,“ des unausweichlichen Eindringens fremder Substanz in die eigene Identität, aus dem Blickwinkel dieser verschiedenen Erklärungsansätze beleuchtet. rn