Diretrizes para planejamento e implementação de sistema de gestão integrada em empresas da construção civil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Barreiras à gestão ambiental e desempenho operacional de empresas brasileiras: um estudo com modelagem de equações estruturais

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

Perda da eficácia dos materiais hidrorrepelentes na proteção contra agrotóxicos por processos de lavagens

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Proposta de método para avaliação do sistema de gestão da qualidade, meio ambiente, segurança e saúde ocupacional integrados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da degradação de resinas compostas pela ação de bebidas alcoólicas: análise de fluorescência e rugosidade superficial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of light sources and curing mode techniques on sorption, solubility and biaxial flexural strength of a composite resin

Adequate polymerization plays an important role on the longevity of the composite resin restorations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light-curing units, curing mode techniques and storage media on sorption, solubility and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of a composite resin. Material and Methods: Two hundred and forty specimens were made of one composite resin (Esthet-X) in a stainless steel mold (2 mm x 8 mm 0), and divided into 24 groups (n=10) established according to the 4 study factors: light-curing units: quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) lamp and light-emitting diodes (LED); energy densities: 16 J/cm(2) and 20 J/cm(2); curing modes: conventional (CM) and pulse-delay (PD); and permeants: deionized water and 75% ethanol for 28 days. Sorption and solubility tests were performed according to ISO 4049:2000 specifications. All specimens were then tested for BFS according to ASTM F394-78 specification. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha=0.05). Results: In general, no significant differences were found regarding sorption, solubility or BFS means for the light-curing units and curing modes (p>0.05). Only LED unit using 16 J/cm(2) and PD using 10 s produced higher sorption and solubility values than QTH. Otherwise, using CM (16 J/cm(2)), LED produced lower values of BFS than QTH (p<0.05). 75% ethanol permeant produced higher values of sorption and solubility and lower values of BFS than water (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ethanol storage media produced more damage on composite resin than water. In general the LED and QTH curing units using 16 and 20 J/cm(2) by CM and PD curing modes produced no influence on the sorption, solubility or BFS of the tested resin.

Sistemas de gestión de la calidad. Necesidad de un modelo integrador

Una de las maneras de garantizar ante terceros un producto o servicio de calidad es mediante los Certificados de Producto o de Servicio que se pueden obtener por la implantación de Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad en base a las Normas ISO 9000. En la actualidad continúa abierto, desde antes de la entrada en vigor de la Ley de Ordenación de la Edificación, el debate entre el colectivo de Aparejadores, Arquitectos Técnicos e Ingenieros de Edificación españoles, sobre la manera de aplicar estos sistemas para regular, procedimentar y garantizar los servicios del Director de Ejecución de Obra. El consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica en España ha editado varias guías que intentan animar al colectivo a agruparse en Sociedades Profesionales y a implantar en ellas Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad de acuerdo a la Norma ISO 9001, la última en 2008. Se ha realizado un estudio mediante el análisis de una encuesta a una muestra de la población de Constructores, Promotores, Directores de Obra y Directores de Ejecución de Obra, que pone de manifiesto que los intentos de promover estas prácticas no han dado resultado en el colectivo.Por otra parte, el sector de la Construcción tiene unas características muy especiales que le hacen diferente al resto de Industrias y una de las que más dificultades entraña a la hora de que los Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad puedan ser efectivos es la falta de coordinación entre los diferentes intervinientes en la fase de construcción: Promotor, Constructor, Director de Obra y Director de Ejecución de Obra. Esta labor de integración la desarrollan en muchas ocasiones las empresas de Project Management. Sin embargo no todas las obras pueden asumir el coste adicional que supone este servicio, pudiendo en estos casos ser el Director de Ejecución de Obra el que lidere el proceso edificatorio. Por estas razones, en esta ponencia se defiende el desarrollo de un Modelo Integrador de Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad que facilite estas relaciones, que integre los esfuerzos de todos y que además pueda servir de base para establecer los requisitos para la certificación de los Servicios de Dirección de Ejecución de Obra, bien sea a través de una Empresa de Servicios Profesionales o como Profesional Liberal.

Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad. Actividades del proceso de mejora continua: Estudio y Análisis de los defectos de construcción en edificación de viviendas

Uno de los pilares fundamentales que defienden el grupo de Normas ISO 9000 para garantizar la eficacia y eficiencia de los Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad es la Mejora Continua. Para llevar a cabo el proceso de Mejora Continua es preciso empezar detectando y analizando donde estamos fallando y qué podemos mejorar. Organizaciones como PMI® asignan a esta actividad un proceso propio, que llaman también Lecciones Aprendidas y debe estar presente siempre, en todos los proyectos, ya que sólo conociendo nuestros fallos y analizando sus causas podemos tomar acciones preventivas que eviten que vuelvan a repetirse. Desafortunadamente, la experiencia práctica nos dice que, en la mayoría de los casos, esta actividad o no se ejecuta, o no se realiza de forma eficaz. La primera actividad que debería llevarse a cabo para detectar y analizar donde estamos fallando es la inspección del producto, en nuestro caso el edificio de viviendas, y realizar un listado de los defectos encontrados. Esta tarea, que debería realizarla la empresa constructora y ser supervisada por la Dirección de Ejecución de Obra, generalmente, no se realiza con el rigor suficiente que permita entregar al usuario su vivienda sin defectos aparentes. Se consideran repasos de postventa, dejando en el usuario final la responsabilidad de verificar el correcto acabado del producto que acaba de adquirir y que en la mayoría de los casos será la compra de mayor importe que realice en su vida. Cuando adquirimos cualquier objeto, un coche, un televisor, un teléfono móvil, etc., el fabricante es el responsable de verificar que el producto que está entregando al cliente o al suministrador no tiene daños o defectos aparentes. Sin embargo, cuando compramos una vivienda es el comprador o usuario final el que realiza, en la mayoría de los casos, esta verificación.

Quality assurance systems in the production and marketing of fresh peaches.

Due to the fast rate of peach post-harvest ripening, damage due to mechanical handling, externally appreciated as bruises and soft areas, is a real problem that leads to an early harvesting and poor quality of the fruits, as perceived by the consumers. More and more, the European consumer asks for good taste and freshness of fruits and vegetables, and these quality factors are not included in standards, nor in most of the producers' practices. Fruit processing and marketing centres (co-operatives) are increasingly interested in adopting quality controls in their processes. ISO 9000 procedures are being applied in some food areas, primarily milk and meat processors, but no generalised procedures have been developed until the present time to be applied to fresh product processes. All different peach and nectarine varieties that are harvested and handled in Murcia cooperatives and sold in a large supermarket in Madrid were analysed during the whole 1997 season (early May to late August). A total number of 78 samples of 25 fruits (co-operative) or 10 fruits (market), were tested in the laboratory for mechanical, optical, chemical and tasting quality. The variability and relationships between all these quality parameters are presented and discussed, and sampling unit sizes which would be advisable for quality control are calculated.

La calidad y su impacto sobre la rentabilidad y la volatilidad

El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar el impacto que la publicación de la noticia de obtención de un certificado de calidad (ISO 9000) tiene sobre el valor de mercado de la empresa y sobre la volatilidad del precio de cotización de las acciones. La muestra utilizada incluye todas las empresas que, habiendo obtenido un certificado de calidad, han cotizado en el mercado secundario de valores español entre los años 1993 y 1999. Para medir el impacto de la obtención un certificado de calidad sobre los resultados se ha analizado los excesos de rentabilidad, mientras para medir la variación en la volatilidad se han realizado cuatro test, dos paramétricos, uno no paramétrico y una propuesta de test semiparamétrico. Los resultados indican que el mercado de capitales reacciona positivamente a la obtención de este certificado, provocando además un incremento en la volatilidad de los precios de cotización.

Influencia de la calidad sobre la rentabilidad y la volatilidad

El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar el impacto que la publicación de la noticia de obtención de un certificado de calidad (ISO 9000) tiene sobre el valor de mercado de la empresa y sobre la volatilidad del precio de cotización de las acciones. Adicionalmente se examinan diversos factores determinantes del impacto de la obtención del certificado sobre la rentabilidad. La muestra utilizada incluye todas las empresas que, habiendo cotizado en el mercado continuo entre los años 1993 y 1999, han obtenido un certificado de calidad. Para medir el impacto de la obtención de un certificado de calidad sobre los resultados se ha analizado los excesos de rentabilidad, mientras que para medir la variación en la volatilidad se han realizado cuatro test, dos paramétricos, uno no paramétrico y una propuesta de test semiparamétrico. Los resultados indican que el mercado reacciona positivamente a la obtención de este certificado, provocando además un incremento en la volatilidad de los precios de cotización.

Estudo da alteração dimensional de um silicone de adição após um método de desinfecção e esterilização

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Depth of cure and surface microhardness of composite resin cured with blue LED curing lights

Objectives. This study examined the depth of cure and surface microhardness of Filtek Z250 composite resin (3M-Espe) (shades B1, A3, and C4) when cured with three commercially available tight emitting diode (LED) curing lights [E-light (GC), Elipar Freelight (3M-ESPE), 475H (RF Lab Systems)], compared with a high intensity quartz tungsten halogen (HQTH) light (Kerr Demetron Optilux 501) and a conventional quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) lamp (Sirona S1 dental unit). Methods. The effects of light source and resin shade were evaluated as independent variables. Depth of cure after 40 s of exposure was determined using the ISO 4049:2000 method, and Vickers hardness determined at 1.0 mm intervals. Results. HQTH and QTH lamps gave the greatest depth of cure. The three LED lights showed similar performances across all parameters, and each unit exceeded the ISO standard for depth of cure except GC ELight for shade B1. In terms of shade, LED lights gave greater curing depths with A3 shade, while QTH and HQTH tights gave greater curing depths with C4 shade. Hardness at the resin surface was not significantly different between LED and conventional curing lights, however, below the surface, hardness reduced more rapidly for the LED lights, especially at depths beyond 3 mm. Significance. Since the performance of the three LED lights meets the ISO standard for depth of cure, these systems appear suitable for routine clinical application for resin curing. (C) 2003 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Canonical solution groups of a homomorphism : manipulator kinematics, nonparametric regression and distributed object systems

The kinematic mapping of a rigid open-link manipulator is a homomorphism between Lie groups. The homomorphisrn has solution groups that act on an inverse kinematic solution element. A canonical representation of solution group operators that act on a solution element of three and seven degree-of-freedom (do!) dextrous manipulators is determined by geometric analysis. Seven canonical solution groups are determined for the seven do! Robotics Research K-1207 and Hollerbach arms. The solution element of a dextrous manipulator is a collection of trivial fibre bundles with solution fibres homotopic to the Torus. If fibre solutions are parameterised by a scalar, a direct inverse funct.ion that maps the scalar and Cartesian base space coordinates to solution element fibre coordinates may be defined. A direct inverse pararneterisation of a solution element may be approximated by a local linear map generated by an inverse augmented Jacobian correction of a linear interpolation. The action of canonical solution group operators on a local linear approximation of the solution element of inverse kinematics of dextrous manipulators generates cyclical solutions. The solution representation is proposed as a model of inverse kinematic transformations in primate nervous systems. Simultaneous calibration of a composition of stereo-camera and manipulator kinematic models is under-determined by equi-output parameter groups in the composition of stereo-camera and Denavit Hartenberg (DH) rnodels. An error measure for simultaneous calibration of a composition of models is derived and parameter subsets with no equi-output groups are determined by numerical experiments to simultaneously calibrate the composition of homogeneous or pan-tilt stereo-camera with DH models. For acceleration of exact Newton second-order re-calibration of DH parameters after a sequential calibration of stereo-camera and DH parameters, an optimal numerical evaluation of DH matrix first order and second order error derivatives with respect to a re-calibration error function is derived, implemented and tested. A distributed object environment for point and click image-based tele-command of manipulators and stereo-cameras is specified and implemented that supports rapid prototyping of numerical experiments in distributed system control. The environment is validated by a hierarchical k-fold cross validated calibration to Cartesian space of a radial basis function regression correction of an affine stereo model. Basic design and performance requirements are defined for scalable virtual micro-kernels that broker inter-Java-virtual-machine remote method invocations between components of secure manageable fault-tolerant open distributed agile Total Quality Managed ISO 9000+ conformant Just in Time manufacturing systems.

"Quality lives on":quality initiatives and practices in Australia and Britain

Purpose-The purpose of this research is to explore the incidence of innovative approaches to quality in both Australia and Britain, the reasons behind their implementation, the ways in which they were undertaken and the success factors and the pitfalls encountered along the way. Design/methodology/ approach-A structured postal questionnaire was sent to 1,000 quality managers in both Australia and Britain. A response was received from 129 Australian and 175 British companies, who reported on why they did or did not introduce a new quality initiative within the past five years. Findings-A comparative analysis shows trends, similarities and differences, and future directions of quality in both countries. The paper concludes by identifying important lessons for senior management needing to make changes in this important aspect of any business. A high proportion of organisations in both countries are actively undertaking new quality initiatives. The impetus to change and the barriers to successful implementation were common to both countries. The type of initiative differed between the two countries, with a preponderance of ISO 9000 in Australia amongst a much wider choice of approaches than in Britain. There is a low take-up of Six Sigma in both countries, particularly in Australia. Originality/value-The paper offers a recent insight into quality approaches undertaken in both countries and identifies important lessons for senior management. © 2010 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.