976 resultados para IL
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Poem
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RATIONALE: Anaerobic bacteria are present in large numbers in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (PWCF). In the gut, anaerobes produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that modulate immune/inflammatory processes.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the capacity of anaerobes to contribute to CF airway pathogenesis via SCFAs.
METHODS: Samples from 109 PWCF were processed using anaerobic microbiological culture with bacteria present identified by 16S RNA sequencing. SCFAs levels in anaerobe supernatants and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were determined by gas chromatography. The mRNA and/or protein expression of SCFAs receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, in CF and non-CF bronchial brushings, and 16HBE14o- and CFBE41o- cells were evaluated using RT-PCR, western blot, laser scanning cytometry and confocal microscopy. SCFAs-induced IL-8 secretion was monitored by ELISA.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fifty seven of 109 (52.3%) PWCF were anaerobe-positive. Prevalence increased with age, from 33.3% to 57.7% in PWCF under (n=24) and over 6 years (n=85). All evaluated anaerobes produced millimolar concentrations of SCFAs, including acetic, propionic and butyric acid. SCFAs levels were higher in BAL samples from adults than children. GPR41 levels were elevated in; CFBE41o- versus 16HBE14o- cells; CF versus non-CF bronchial brushings; 16HBE14o- cells after treatment with CFTR inhibitor CFTR(inh)-172, CF BAL, or inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. SCFAs induced a dose-dependent and pertussis toxin-sensitive IL-8 response in bronchial epithelial cells with a higher production of IL-8 in CFBE41o- than 16HBE14o- cells.
CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates that SCFAs contribute to excessive production of IL-8 in CF airways colonized with anaerobes via upregulated GPR41.
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Receptor families of the innate immune response engage in 'cross-talk' to tailor optimal immune responses against invading pathogens. However, these responses are subject to multiple levels of regulation to keep in check aberrant inflammatory signals. Here, we describe a role for the orphan receptor interleukin-17 receptor D (IL-17RD) in negatively regulating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced responses. Deficiency of IL-17RD expression in cells leads to enhanced pro-inflammatory signalling and gene expression in response to TLR stimulation, and Il17rd(-/-) mice are more susceptible to TLR-induced septic shock. We demonstrate that the intracellular Sef/IL-17R (SEFIR) domain of IL-17RD targets TIR adaptor proteins to inhibit TLR downstream signalling thus revealing a paradigm involving cross-regulation of members of the IL-17R and TLR families.
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Riassunto: Dedicato «alle scuole e agli amatori della lingua», ai lettori interessati e preoccupati delle sorti della lingua nazionale, il periodico semestrale La Crusca per voi esce per la prima volta nell’ottobre 1990 con una Giustificazione e Un po’ di storia, in cui il fondatore Giovanni Nencioni spiega le ragioni dell’istituzione di un vero e proprio «consultorio linguistico», destinato ad accogliere le richieste, i dubbi, le perplessità sul corretto impiego della lingua italiana proveniente da persone di ogni livello sociale e culturale. Scopo di questo lavoro è studiare la tipologia dei quesiti posti agli accademici della Crusca, con particolare attenzione a fenomeni di carattere lessicale, negli ultimi diciotto numeri del periodico (dal 2005 al 2013, con qualche prelievo da uscite precedenti). Conclude il lavoro una breve indagine a campione sulla diffusione e la traducibilità di alcuni termini stranieri in italiano.
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Concert program for Opera Workshop, Il Mondo Della Luna, November 10, 2008
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Concert program for Il Mondo Della Luna, Autumn 2008
