Alterações clínico-radiológicas pulmonares pós-tratamento na esquistossomose mansoni aguda e crônica

Em 28,8% dos pacientes com esquistossomose mansoni tratados com oxamniquine ocorrem alterações radiológicas pulmonares caracterizadas por broncopneumonite (41%), pneumonite (35%), abaulamento do arco médio (17%) e congestão pulmonar (7%). As alterações são transitórias, com início até 3 dias após a terapêutica, em 50,7% regredindo em 15 dias, completa e espontaneamente. Predominam na faixa etária entre os 4 aos 12 anos, não dependem, de padrão radiológico pré-tratamento, cor, sexo, naturalidade ou fase/forma da doença. As alterações clínicas associadas às anormalidades radiológicas pós-tratamento são inexpressivas na forma aguda, toxêmica, enquanto na fase crônica surgem como estertores crepitantes e roncos. O encontro de eosinófilos no escarro até o décimo segundo dia após o tratamento correlaciona-se com o encontro de alterações radiológicas pulmonares pós-tratamento independentemente da fase/forma da doença.

The uneasy case for lower parking standards

Minimum parking requirements are the norm for urban and suburban development in the United States (Davidson and Dolnick (2002)). The justification for parking space requirements is that overflow parking will occupy nearby street or off-street parking. Shoup (1999) and Willson (1995) provides cases where there is reason to believe that parking space requirements have forced parcel developers to place more parking than they would in the absence of parking requirements. If the effect of parking minimums is to significantly increase the land area devoted to parking, then the increase in impervious surfaces would likely cause water quality degradation, increased flooding, and decreased groundwater recharge. However, to our knowledge the existing literature does not test the effect of parking minimums on the amount of lot space devoted to parking beyond a few case studies. This paper tests the hypothesis that parking space requirements cause an oversupply of parking by examining the implicit marginal value of land allocated to parking spaces. This is an indirect test of the effects of parking requirements that is similar to Glaeser and Gyourko (2003). A simple theoretical model shows that the marginal value of additional parking to the sale price should be equal to the cost of land plus the cost of parking construction. We estimate the marginal values of parking and lot area with spatial methods using a large data set from the Los Angeles area non-residential property sales and find that for most of the property types the marginal value of parking is significantly below that of the parcel area. This evidence supports the contention that minimum parking requirements significantly increase the amount of parcel area devoted to parking.

Novel functions of the cohesin accessory factor dPDS5 uncover a new meiotic checkpoint

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology.

Ecologia de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root em área de implantação de empreendimento hidrelétrico, na divisa dos Estados do Mato Grosso do Sul e São Paulo

INTRODUÇÃO: Hidrelétricas alteram o fluxo das águas e provocam impactos sobre a composição de mosquitos, justificando-se essa pesquisa. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar anofelinos de área sob a influência de um novo lago e avaliar a vulnerabilidade relativa à malária. MÉTODOS: Foram feitas coletas de Anopheles nas margens da Represa Porto Primavera, durante as fases do alagamento até sua cota máxima. Utilizaram-se as técnicas: atrativa humana, de armadilha de Shannon e concha entomológica. Os indicadores Riqueza e Diversidade foram utilizados para medir o impacto. A análise das distribuições temporais foi realizada pelo teste Mann-Whitney, considerando localidade, cota e método de captura como variáveis independentes (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: A densidade de Anopheles darlingi oscilou entre as localidades A, B e C, sendo que os maiores picos foram para B e C. Com a estabilidade do lago, no último nível, evidenciou-se a tendência de redução da densidade de Anopheles darlingi. CONCLUSÕES: Sugere-se que o risco de autoctonia de malária nas proximidades do lago permanece inalterado, ficando o alerta para esporádicas infecções humanas.

Effects of flooding of the River Paraná on the temporal activity of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root (Diptera: Culicidae), at the border state of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Study of the temporal activity of malaria vectors during the implantation of a hydroelectric power station on the River Paraná, intended to generate electrical energy. The river separates the States of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, in Brazil. The objective was to verify whether alterations occurred in the wealth and diversity indices of Anopheles, following two successive floods, extended to the temporal activity and nycthemeral rhythm followed over a five year period. METHODS: Mosquito capture was performed monthly using the Human Attraction Technique and Shannon Traps. The first, executed for 24h, provided the nycthemeral rhythm and the second, lasting 15h, permitted the tracking of Anopheles during the two floods. RESULTS: The bimodal pattern of Anopheles darlingi defined before these floods was modified throughout the environment interventions. The same effect had repercussions on the populations of An albitarsis s.l., An triannulatus and An galvaoi. Activity prior to twilight was less affected by the environment alterations. CONCLUSIONS: The dam construction provoked changes in Anopheles temporal activity patterns, permitting classification of the area as an ecologically steady and unstable situation. Differences observed in Anopheles behavior due to the capture methods revealed the influence of solo and multiple attractiveness inside the populations studied.

Controle De Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), em eucaliptal no Pará, com Iscas Granuladas com Sulfluramida ou Clorpirifós

Este trabalho foi realizado em reflorestamento de eucalipto da Jari Celulose S.A., no município de Almerim, Pará, de setembro de 1996 a janeiro de 1997. Objetivou-se testar a eficiência de duas iscas granuladas à base de sulfluramida e outra à base de clorpirifós, nas dosagens de 4, 6, 8 e 10 gramas por metro quadrado de formigueiro, para o controle de Acromyrmex laticeps nigroselosus Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). As duas iscas com sulfluramida, nas dosagens testadas, apresentaram acima de 99,0% de transporte e nenhuma devolução. Todos os formigueiros tratados, com essas iscas, estavam mortos na avaliação final, enquanto a eficiência da isca com clorpirifós variou de 55,56 a 66,67%, para as diferentes dosagens testadas. As iscas à base de sulfluramida podem ser recomendadas para o controle de A. laticeps nigrosetosus na região do trópico úmido do Brasil.

Effects of light and temperature on isoprene emission at different leaf developmental stages of eschweilera coriacea in central Amazon

Isoprene emission from plants accounts for about one third of annual global volatile organic compound emissions. The largest source of isoprene for the global atmosphere is the Amazon Basin. This study aimed to identify and quantify the isoprene emission and photosynthesis at different levels of light intensity and leaf temperature, in three phenological phases (young mature leaf, old mature leaf and senescent leaf) of Eschweilera coriacea (Matamatá verdadeira), the species with the widest distribution in the central Amazon. In situ photosynthesis and isoprene emission measurements showed that young mature leaf had the highest rates at all light intensities and leaf temperatures. Additionally, it was observed that isoprene emission capacity (Es) changed considerably over different leaf ages. This suggests that aging leads to a reduction of both leaf photosynthetic activity and isoprene production and emission. The algorithm of Guenther et al. (1999) provided good fits to the data when incident light was varied, however differences among E S of all leaf ages influenced on quantic yield predicted by model. When leaf temperature was varied, algorithm prediction was not satisfactory for temperature higher than ~40 °C; this could be because our data did not show isoprene temperature optimum up to 45 °C. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of the isoprene functional role in protecting plants from high temperatures and highlight the need to include leaf phenology effects in isoprene emission models.

Spatial and temporal evolution of family-farming land use in the Tapajós region of the Brazilian Amazon

Pressures on the Brazilian Amazon forest have been accentuated by agricultural activities practiced by families encouraged to settle in this region in the 1970s by the colonization program of the government. The aims of this study were to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of land cover and land use (LCLU) in the lower Tapajós region, in the state of Pará. We contrast 11 watersheds that are generally representative of the colonization dynamics in the region. For this purpose, Landsat satellite images from three different years, 1986, 2001, and 2009, were analyzed with Geographic Information Systems. Individual images were subject to an unsupervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood Classification algorithm available on GRASS. The classes retained for the representation of LCLU in this study were: (1) slightly altered old-growth forest, (2) succession forest, (3) crop land and pasture, and (4) bare soil. The analysis and observation of general trends in eleven watersheds shows that LCLU is changing very rapidly. The average deforestation of old-growth forest in all the watersheds was estimated at more than 30% for the period of 1986 to 2009. The local-scale analysis of watersheds reveals the complexity of LCLU, notably in relation to large changes in the temporal and spatial evolution of watersheds. Proximity to the sprawling city of Itaituba is related to the highest rate of deforestation in two watersheds. The opening of roads such as the Transamazonian highway is associated to the second highest rate of deforestation in three watersheds.

Oribatidae / A. D. Michael.

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American natural history. Volume 3. Part 1.--Mastology. By John D. Godman.

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Floração, produção de néctar e abelhas visitantes de Eriope blanchetii (Lamiaceae) em dunas costeiras, Nordeste do Brasil

As observações sobre a floração, produção de néctar e abelhas visitantes foram realizadas entre outubro de 1999 e outubro de 2000, em uma população natural de Eriope blanchetii (Benth) Harley (Lamiaceae) distribuída em dunas litorâneas, Salvador (12º56'S, 38º21'W), Bahia. Entre as 15 espécies de abelhas registradas, predominaram aquelas de porte corporal médio e grande. Os polinizadores efetivos são Xylocopa cearensis Ducke, 1910 e Colletes petropolitanus Dalla Torre, 1896, considerando seu tamanho, comportamento e freqüência nas flores. A floração contínua da população de E. blanchetii e o grau de sincronia, duração e intensidade da floração entre os indivíduos estimula o movimento interplanta e o transporte de pólen pelos polinizadores com diferentes demandas energéticas e comportamento generalista. A deposição de pólen ocorre na região ventral do corpo do polinizador na região que contata as anteras e o estigma durante o forrageio, mas apenas C. petropolitanus transportou exclusivamente pólen de E. blanchetii. O pólen, removido principalmente durante a fase masculina é, posteriormente, depositado em flores com estigmas receptivos durante a fase feminina. Entre maio e outubro de 2000, o volume de néctar variou de 0,01 a 0,98 ml sendo maior na fase masculina (U=2972,5; P<0,05); a concentração registrada foi de 22% (n=10 flores). A diferença entre o volume de néctar em flores em relação à sua posição na inflorescência (ANOVA=4.478; P>0.05) e entre aquelas ensacadas e não ensacadas (U=3632; P>0.05) não foi significativa. O padrão de floração, a produção e acessibilidade do néctar tornam as flores de E. blanchetii atrativas aos seus polinizadores potenciais.

A test of long memory hypothesis based on self-similarity

This paper develops a new test of true versus spurious long memory, based on log-periodogram estimation of the long memory parameter using skip-sampled data. A correction factor is derived to overcome the bias in this estimator due to aliasing. The procedure is designed to be used in the context of a conventional test of significance of the long memory parameter, and composite test procedure described that has the properties of known asymptotic size and consistency. The test is implemented using the bootstrap, with the distribution under the null hypothesis being approximated using a dependent-sample bootstrap technique to approximate short-run dependence following fractional differencing. The properties of the test are investigated in a set of Monte Carlo experiments. The procedure is illustrated by applications to exchange rate volatility and dividend growth series.

Biochemistry and mode of action of the Bacillus sphaericus toxins

Bacillus sphaericus produces at least two toxins which are highly toxic to mosquito larvae. The binary toxin, which is comprised of proteins of 51.4 and 41.9 kDa, is present in all highly insecticidal strains. The 100 kDa SSII-1 toxin is present in most highly insecticidal as well as the weakly insecticidal strains. The current status of studies on biochemistry and mode of action of these toxins is reviewed.

The mental health of young people in Ireland:a report of the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research across the Lifespan (PERL) Group Dublin.

There has been a dearth of epidemiological research on rates of mental disorder among Irish people and little is known about the numbers of young people in Ireland who are experiencing diagnosable mental disorders. In the context of such limited epidemiological research in the field of mental health, the PERL Group in the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland has conducted two studies on mental disorders and psychopathology among young Irish people. This report is the first research report from these two studies by the PERL Group. It provides data on the prevalence rates of mental disorder, substance use, deliberate self-harm and suicidality among young Irish people aged 11-24 years.This resource was contributed by The National Documentation Centre on Drug Use.