981 resultados para Gycine max


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A simple but effective technique to improve the performance of the Max-Log-MAP algorithm is to scale the extrinsic information exchanged between two MAP decoders. A comprehensive analysis of the selection of the scaling factors according to channel conditions and decoding iterations is presented in this paper. Choosing a constant scaling factor for all SNRs and iterations is compared with the best scaling factor selection for changing channel conditions and decoding iterations. It is observed that a constant scaling factor for all channel conditions and decoding iterations is the best solution and provides a 0.2-0.4 dB gain over the standard Max- Log-MAP algorithm. Therefore, a constant scaling factor should be chosen for the best compromise.

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The iterative nature of turbo-decoding algorithms increases their complexity compare to conventional FEC decoding algorithms. Two iterative decoding algorithms, Soft-Output-Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA) and Maximum A posteriori Probability (MAP) Algorithm require complex decoding operations over several iteration cycles. So, for real-time implementation of turbo codes, reducing the decoder complexity while preserving bit-error-rate (BER) performance is an important design consideration. In this chapter, a modification to the Max-Log-MAP algorithm is presented. This modification is to scale the extrinsic information exchange between the constituent decoders. The remainder of this chapter is organized as follows: An overview of the turbo encoding and decoding processes, the MAP algorithm and its simplified versions the Log-MAP and Max-Log-MAP algorithms are presented in section 1. The extrinsic information scaling is introduced, simulation results are presented, and the performance of different methods to choose the best scaling factor is discussed in Section 2. Section 3 discusses trends and applications of turbo coding from the perspective of wireless applications.

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Consider a wireless sensor network (WSN) where a broadcast from a sensor node does not reach all sensor nodes in the network; such networks are often called multihop networks. Sensor nodes take sensor readings but individual sensor readings are not very important. It is important however to compute aggregated quantities of these sensor readings. The minimum and maximum of all sensor readings at an instant are often interesting because they indicate abnormal behavior, for example if the maximum temperature is very high then it may be that a fire has broken out. We propose an algorithm for computing the min or max of sensor reading in a multihop network. This algorithm has the particularly interesting property of having a time complexity that does not depend on the number of sensor nodes; only the network diameter and the range of the value domain of sensor readings matter.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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Zusammenfassung: Max Frisch und Friedrich Dürrenmatt, als Dioskuren der Schweizer Literatur zeitlebens aneinandergekettet, haben auf der Suche nach ihrem Selbst immer auch den anderen im Blick. Aus ihrer pointierten, gelegentlich polemischen wechselseitigen Abgrenzung entsteht ein künstlerisch höchst produktiver, impliziter Dialog. Er wird hier erstmals explizit gemacht. Unter den Gesichtspunkten von Polyphonie und Dialogizität wird die Konstruktion und Auflösung des autobiographischen Subjekts untersucht. Diese Fallstudien an einzelnen, repräsentativen Texten der beiden Autoren stellen neue Fragen, die für die gesamte Autobiographiediskussion relevant sind: Bei Dürrenmatts großem ,,Stoffe"-Komplex wird, unter Einbezug der textgenetischen Perspektive, der autobiographische Prozess als das Anprobieren von multiplen Ichs analysiert. Das Problem des Subjekts radikalisiert sich als Problem der Sprache, der "vielen Namen", mit denen sich das Subjekt selbst tauft. Bei Frisch deckt die Studie mit ihrem neuen Ansatz die architektonischen und musikalischen Kompositionsverfahren in "Montauk" und "Holozän" auf, eine Textarchitektur in der Zeit und im Medium der Sprache. Dabei werden bisher unbekannte Entwürfe zu diesen wichtigen Spätwerken Frischs erstmals genutzt und publiziert.

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Malate synthase (MS; EC 4.1.3.2), an enzyme specific to the glyoxylate cycle, was studied in cotyledons of dark-grown soybean (Glycine max L) seedlings with light and electron microscopy techniques. Immunogold localization confirmed biochemical evidence that MS from soybean is a glyoxysomal matrix enzyme.