Induction of Graves-like disease in mice by immunization with fibroblasts transfected with the thyrotropin receptor and a class II molecule.

Graves disease is an autoimmune thyroid disease characterized by the presence of antibodies against the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), which stimulate the thyroid to cause hyperthyroidism and/or goiter. By immunizing mice with fibroblasts transfected with both the human TSHR and a major histocompatibility complex class II molecule, but not by either alone, we have induced immune hyperthyroidism that has the major humoral and histological features of Graves disease: stimulating TSHR antibodies, thyrotropin binding inhibiting immunoglobulins, which are different from the stimulating TSHR antibodies, increased thyroid hormone levels, thyroid enlargement, thyrocyte hypercellularity, and thyrocyte intrusion into the follicular lumen. The results suggest that the aberrant expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on cells that express a native form of the TSHR can result in the induction of functional anti-TSHR antibodies that stimulate the thyroid. They additionally suggest that the acquisition of antigen-presenting ability on a target cell containing the TSHR can activate T and B cells normally present in an animal and induce a disease with the major features of autoimmune Graves.

Vier ernste Gesänge : für hohe Stimme mit Klavierbegleitung = 4 chants graves : pour voix elevée avec accompagnement de piano = 4 serious songs : for high voice with piano accompaniment : op. 121 /

German words with English translation.

The great iron wheel examined; or, its false spokes extracted, and an exhibition of Elder Graves, its builder.

Mode of access: Internet.

The correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe, with allied documents relating to his administration of the government of Upper Canada.

On cover: The Simcoe papers.

Oeuvres complètes de Michel L'Hospital, chancelier de France, ornées de portraits et de vues dessinées et gravées par A. Tardieu, et précédées d'un essai sur sa vie et ses ouvrages

Mode of access: Internet.

Quinti Horati Flacci carminum librum quintum a Rudyardo Kipling et Carolo Graves. Anglice redditum et variorum notis adornatum ad fidem codicum mss. edidit Aluredus D. Godley.

Latin and English on opposite pages.

Perforation intestinale : affections consécutives graves, guérsison /

Mode of access: Internet.

Ordenanza que el Rey ha mandado expedir estableciendo varias providencias para el cuidado de la pública salud en todo el Reyno y á fin de precaver los graves daños que se experimentan de no quemar promptamente los equipages y muebles de los que mueren de enfermedades contagiosas.

Mode of access: Internet.