The induction of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity by root canal sealers in mammalian cells

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

TEGDMA-induced oxidative DNA damage and activation of ATM and MAP kinases

The development of strategies for the protection of oral tissues against the adverse effects of resin monomers is primarily based on the elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms. The generation of reactive oxygen species beyond the capacity of a balanced redox regulation in cells is probably a cause of cell damage. This study was designed to investigate oxidative DNA damage, the activation of ATM, a reporter of DNA damage, and redox-sensitive signal transduction through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by the monomer triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). TEGDMA concentrations as high as 3-5 mm decreased THP-1 cell viability after a 24 h and 48 h exposure, and levels of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) increased about 3- to 5-fold. The cells were partially protected from toxicity in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). TEGDMA also induced a delay in the cell cycle. The number of THP-1 cells increased about 2-fold in G1 phase and 5-fold in G2 phase in cultures treated with 3-5 mm TEGDMA. ATM was activated in THP-1 cells by TEGDMA. Likewise, the amounts of phospho-p38 were increased about 3-fold by 3 mm TEGDMA compared to untreated controls after a 24 h and 48 h exposure period, and phospho-ERK1/2 was induced in a very similar way. The activation of both MAPKs was inhibited by NAC. Our findings suggest that the activation of various signal transduction pathways is related to oxidative stress caused by a resin monomer. Signaling through ATM indicates oxidative DNA damage and the activation of MAPK pathways indicates oxidative stress-induced regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Strangeness content and structure function of the nucleon in a statistical quark model

The strangeness content of the nucleon is determined from a statistical model using confined quark levels, and is shown to have a good agreement with the corresponding values extracted from experimental data. The quark levels are generated in a Dirac equation that uses a linear confining potential (scalar plus vector). With the requirement that the result for the Gottfried sum rule violation, given by the New Muon Collaboration (NMC), is well reproduced, we also obtain the difference between the structure functions of the proton and neutron, and the corresponding sea quark contributions.

Statistical quark model for the nucleon structure function

A statistical quark model, with quark energy levels given by a central linear confining potential is used to obtain the light sea-quark asymmetry, d̄/ū, and also for the ratio d/u, inside the nucleon. After adjusting a temperature parameter by the Gottfried sum rule violation, and chemical potentials by the valence up and down quark normalizations, the results are compared with experimental data available. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.

Improved statistical quark model for the nucleon structure function

An improved statistical quark model, with quark energy levels given by a central linear confining potential, is used to obtain the light sea-quark asymmetry, d̄/ū, and also for the corresponding difference d̄-ū, inside the nucleon. In the model, a temperature parameter is adjusted by recent results obtained for the Gottfried sum rule violation, with two chemical potentials adjusted by the valence up and down quark normalizations. The results are compared with available recent experimental data. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.

Statistical quark models for the nucleon structure functions

We consider some existing relativistic models for the nucleon structure functions, relying on statistical approaches instead of perturbative ones. These models are based on the Fermi-Dirac distribution for the confined quarks, where a density of energy levels is obtained from an effective confining potential. In this context, it is presented some results obtained with a recent statistical quark model for the sea-quark asymmetry in the nucleon. It is shown, within this model, that experimental available observables, such as the ratio and difference between proton and neutron structure functions, are quite well reproduced with just three parameters: two chemical potentials used to reproduce the valence up and down quark numbers in the nucleon, and a temperature that is being used to reproduce the Gottfried sum rule violation. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.

A geração da vida em Leibniz

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Transporte internacional por ferrocarril (TIF) Paraguay-Atlántico

Incluye Bibliografía

A estrutura do nucleon na QCD e o modelo estatístico a Quarks

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effectiveness and biological compatibility of different generations of dentin adhesives

Besides possessing good mechanical properties, dental materials should present a good biological behavior and should not injure the involved tissues. Bond strength and biocompatibility are both highly significant properties of dentin adhesives. For that matter, these properties of four generations of adhesive systems (Multi-Purpose/Single Bond/SE Plus/Easy Bond) were evaluated.Eighty bovine teeth had their dentin exposed (500- and 200-mu m thickness). Adhesive was applied on the dentin layer of each specimen. Following that, the microshearing test was performed for all samples. A dentin barrier test was used for the cytotoxicity evaluation. Cell cultures (SV3NeoB) were collected from testing materials by means of 200- or 500-mu m-thick dentin slices and placed in a cell culture perfusion chamber. Cell viability was measured 24 h post-exposition by means of a photometrical test (MTT test).The best bonding performance was shown by the single-step adhesive Easy Bond (21 MPa, 200 mu m; 27 MPa, 500 mu m) followed by Single Bond (15.6 MPa, 200 mu m; 23.4 MPa, 500 mu m), SE Plus (18.2 MPa, 200 mu m; 20 MPa, 500 mu m), and Multi-Purpose (15.2 MPa, 200 mu m; 17.9 MPa, 500 mu m). Regarding the cytotoxicity, Multi-Purpose slightly reduced the cell viability to 92 % (200 mu m)/93 % (500 mu m). Single Bond was reasonably cytotoxic, reducing cell viability to 71 % (200 mu m)/64 % (500 mu m). The self-etching adhesive Scotchbond SE decreased cell viability to 85 % (200 mu m)/71 % (500 mu m). Conversely, Easy Bond did not reduce cell viability in this test, regardless of the dentin thickness.Results showed that the one-step system had the best bond strength performance and was the least toxic to pulp cells. In multiple-step systems, a correct bonding technique must be done, and a pulp capping strategy is necessary for achieving good performance in both properties.The study showed a promising system (one-step self-etching), referring to it as a good alternative for specific cases, mainly due to its technical simplicity and good biological responses.

A característica universal de Leibniz: contextos, trajetórias e implicações

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

Evidence for Unruh's effect in hardon physics

In order that confinement should survive, light quarks inside hadrons have a very high acceleration and will feel a thermal bath with an Unruh temperature near 137 MeV. We show that this temperature is consistent with the experimentally observed departure from the Gottfried sum rule for the difference of the proton and neutron structure functions in deep inelastic electron scattering.

Lirismo, tradição e autorreflexividade crítica na poesia de Paulo Henriques Britto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Der Wille zur Form - ein ästhetisch-anthropologischer Diskurs

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Formästhetik im Kunstdenken der Moderne. Bedeutend ist, dass im Zusammenhang mit der Formästhetik meist auch gewisse ästhetische Anthropologieentwürfe entstehen. In Ermangelung geeigneter Definitionsansätze wird die Form, frei von Vordeutungen, als dynamisches Konstrukt betrachtet. Dementsprechend verändert sich auch der Blick auf die anthropologischen Konzepte der untersuchten Texte. Bei allen behandelten Autoren wird deutlich, dass der Verlust absoluter Werte, der sich in der Moderne immer weiter ausdifferenziert, zum Fundament der Kunstanschauung wird. Der Mensch ist einer gewissen Tragik ausgeliefert: Er ist fortan Schöpfer der eigenen Realität, aber auch immer an die Materie gebunden. Dies führt zu einer Widersprüchlichkeit des menschlichen Daseins, für das eine ‚reine Identität’ nicht erreichbar ist. Die Befreiung von der menschlichen Zerissenheit kann scheinbar durch die ästhetische Betrachtung erlangt werden. Die künstlerische Formgebung entlastet von der widersprüchlichen menschlichen Realität und die Kunst wird zum Ideal der Freiheit. Mittels der schöpferischen Kraft kann der Mensch ein Bild seiner Menschlicheit formen und bestimmen. Der künstlerischen Form wird der Stellenwert eines Mythos zugeordnet. Eine solche Kunstanschauung birgt Gefahren, denn mit der Erhebung in den Stand eines Mythos wird sie zum absoluten Welterklärungsmodell oder gar zur Ideologie. Tatsächlich fehlt jedoch jegliche ethische Untermauerung in der Lebenswirklichkeit. Die ausgewählten Autoren beleuchten den Diskurs und die ihm innewohnenden Gefahren auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise: Friedrich Schiller, die Denker der Frühromantik, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gottfried Benn, Thomas Mann, Theodor W. Adorno, Elias Canetti und die Denker der Postmoderne. Der subversive Einfluss der unterschiedlichen Formentwürfe wird bei mehr als einem Autor deutlich. Daher ist die Frage, wie eine ideologische Vereinnahmung dieser Ideenkonstrukte verhindert werden kann. Dies führt zu einer Neudefinition der Formästhetik. Neuer Fixpunkt muss die Realität des Denkens sein, d.h. Realität und Idee dürfen nicht im Kontrast, sondern müssen in Relation betrachtet werden, denn schließlich ist es diese Relation, die den Menschen zu bestimmen scheint. Die Distanz von Ästhetik und Realität muss bewusst und kritisch hinterfragt werden, um zu einer ‚Ästhetik des Negativen’ zu führen.

Impact of treatment characteristics on response of different breast cancer phenotypes: pooled analysis of the German neo-adjuvant chemotherapy trials

Pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant treatment correlates with outcome in breast cancer. We determined whether characteristics of neoadjuvant therapy are associated with pCR. We used multi-level models, which accounted for heterogeneity in pCR across trials and trial arms, to analyze individual patient data from 3332 women included in 7 German neoadjuvant trials with uniform protocols. PCR was associated with an increase in number of chemotherapy cycles (odds ratio [OR] 1.2 for every two additional cycles; P = 0.009), with higher cumulative anthracycline doses (OR 1.6; P = 0.002), higher cumulative taxane doses (OR 1.6; P = 0.009), and with capecitabine containing regimens (OR 1.62; P = 0.022). Association of pCR with increase in number of cycles appeared more pronounced in hormone receptor (HR)-positive tumors (OR 1.35) than in HR-negative tumors (OR 1.04; P for interaction = 0.046). Effect of anthracycline dose was particularly pronounced in HER2-negative tumors (OR 1.61), compared to HER2-positive tumors (OR 0.83; P for interaction = 0.14). Simultaneous trastuzumab treatment in HER2-positive tumors increased odds of pCR 3.2-fold (P < 0.001). No association of pCR and number of trastuzumab cycles was found (OR 1.20, P = 0.39). Dosing characteristics appear important for successful treatment of breast cancer. Longer treatment, higher cumulative doses of anthracyclines and taxanes, and the addition of capecitabine and trastuzumab are associated with better response. Tailoring according to breast cancer phenotype might be possible: longer treatment in HR-positive tumors, higher cumulative anthracycline doses for HER2-negative tumors, shorter treatment at higher cumulative doses for triple-negative tumors, and limited number of preoperative trastuzumab cycles in HER2-positive tumors.