Thoughts on religion,

Mode of access: Internet.

The art of electro-metallurgy including all known processes of electro-deposition,

Mode of access: Internet.

The new theology and the old religion;

Mode of access: Internet.

Orders and unity /

Mode of access: Internet.

The silence of love /

Mode of access: Internet.

The creed of Christ.

Mode of access: Internet.

The body of Christ; an enquiry into the institution and doctrine of Holy Communion.

Mode of access: Internet.

Lux mundi, a series of studies in the religion of the Incarnation,

Faith, by Rev. H.S. Holland.--The Christian doctrine of God, by Rev. A. Moore.--The problem of pain: its bearing on faith in God, by Rev. J.R. Illingworth.--The preparation in history for Christ, by Rev. E.S. Talbot.--The incarnation in relation to development, by Rev. J.R. Illinworth.--The incarnation as the basis of dogma, by Rev. R.C. Moberly.--The atonement, by Rev. and Hon. A. Lyttelton.--The Holy Spirit and inspiration, by Rev. C. Gore.--The church, by Rev. W. Lock.--Sacraments, by Rev. F. Paget.--Christianity and politics, by Rev. W.J.H. Campion.--Christian ethics, by Rev. R.L. Ottley.--Appendix on some aspects of Christian duty.

Reply to an "American's examination" of the "right of search:" with observations on some of the questions at issue between Great Britain and the United States, and on certain positions assumed by the North American government.

Sabin 69691.

Tropical agricultural research in the Empire, with special reference to cacao, sugar cane, cotton and palms.

Preface signed: W. Ormsby-Gore.

Poljoprivreda i šumarstvo.

Mode of access: Internet.

St. Paul's epistle to the Romans /

Mode of access: Internet.

A novel phantom and method for comprehensive 3-dimensional measurement and correction of geometric distortion in magnetic resonance imaging

A phantom that can be used for mapping geometric distortion in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is described. This phantom provides an array of densely distributed control points in three-dimensional (3D) space. These points form the basis of a comprehensive measurement method to correct for geometric distortion in MR images arising principally from gradient field non-linearity and magnet field inhomogeneity. The phantom was designed based on the concept that a point in space can be defined using three orthogonal planes. This novel design approach allows for as many control points as desired. Employing this novel design, a highly accurate method has been developed that enables the positions of the control points to be measured to sub-voxel accuracy. The phantom described in this paper was constructed to fit into a body coil of a MRI scanner, (external dimensions of the phantom were: 310 mm x 310 mm x 310 mm), and it contained 10,830 control points. With this phantom, the mean errors in the measured coordinates of the control points were on the order of 0.1 mm or less, which were less than one tenth of the voxel's dimensions of the phantom image. The calculated three-dimensional distortion map, i.e., the differences between the image positions and true positions of the control points, can then be used to compensate for geometric distortion for a full image restoration. It is anticipated that this novel method will have an impact on the applicability of MRI in both clinical and research settings. especially in areas where geometric accuracy is highly required, such as in MR neuro-imaging. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Geometric distortion in clinical MRI systems - Part II: correction using a 3D phantom

In this paper, we present the correction of the geometric distortion measured in the clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems reported in the preceding paper (Part 1) using a 3D method based on the phantom-mapped geometric distortion data. This method allows the correction to be made on phantom images acquired without or with the vendor correction applied. With the vendor's 2D correction applied, the method corrects for both the residual geometric distortion still present in the plane in which the correction method was applied (the axial plane) and the uncorrected geometric distortion along the axis non-nal to the plane. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the correction using this new method was carried out through analyzing the residual geometric distortion in the corrected phantom images. The results show that the new method can restore the distorted images in 3D nearly to perfection. For all the MRI systems investigated, the mean absolute deviations in the positions of the control points (along x-, y- and z-axes) measured on the corrected phantom images were all less than 0.2 mm. The maximum absolute deviations were all below similar to0.8 mm. As expected, the correction of the phantom images acquired with the vendor's correction applied in the axial plane performed equally well. Both the geometric distortion still present in the axial plane after applying the vendor's correction and the uncorrected distortion along the z-axis have all been restored. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Geometric distortion in clinical MRI systems - Part I: evaluation using a 3D phantom

Recently, a 3D phantom that can provide a comprehensive and accurate measurement of the geometric distortion in MRI has been developed. Using this phantom, a full assessment of the geometric distortion in a number of clinical MRI systems (GE and Siemens) has been carried out and detailed results are presented in this paper. As expected, the main source of geometric distortion in modern superconducting MRI systems arises from the gradient field nonlinearity. Significantly large distortions with maximum absolute geometric errors ranged between 10 and 25 mm within a volume of 240 x 240 x 240 mm(3) were observed when imaging with the new generation of gradient systems that employs shorter coils. By comparison, the geometric distortion was much less in the older-generation gradient systems. With the vendor's correction method, the geometric distortion measured was significantly reduced but only within the plane in which these 2D correction methods were applied. Distortion along the axis normal to the plane was, as expected, virtually unchanged. Two-dimensional correction methods are a convenient approach and in principle they are the only methods that can be applied to correct geometric distortion in a single slice or in multiple noncontiguous slices. However, these methods only provide an incomplete solution to the problem and their value can be significantly reduced if the distortion along the normal of the correction plane is not small. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.