771 resultados para Gestão Ambiental Participativa
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de construção de um índice de sustentabilidade ambiental para a agroindústria paulista da cana-de-açúcar – ISAAC. Tal proposta é motivada pela busca de sustentabilidade para a cadeia produtiva da cana, cujo energético principal, o etanol, é exigido, mundialmente, como biocombustível produzido em base socioeconômica responsável, proveniente de fonte renovável, ambientalmente limpa e redutora de emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa – GEE. Este estudo faz um diagnóstico da produção de cana, açúcar e álcool, bem como da bioenergia gerada no Estado de São Paulo, em 16 Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos – UGRHI[s], nas quais a agroindústria da cana-de-açúcar é significativa economicamente. O trabalho também aponta o ranking de produção das 164 usinas que operaram na safra 2007/2008, indica a ocupação do solo e a vegetação nativa nos 462 municípios canavieiros e inventaria, dentre outros, a geração de resíduos, as emissões de GEE, o uso da água, os postos de trabalho e o valor da produção. A pesquisa projeta ainda uma estimativa de custos para se mitigar, no horizonte de 30 anos, algumas externalidades negativas e realiza uma breve conceituação de responsabilidade socioambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável. Para o desenvolvimento do índice, empregou-se a metodologia Pressão-Estado-Resposta – PER, da Organização de Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômicos – OCDE, a partir da escolha de um conjunto de 30 indicadores, avalizados por meio de seis atributos de seleção e dez princípios norteadores. Na valoração ponderada dos subíndices, foram considerados o atual nível de conhecimento, a percepção acerca da sustentabilidade e as características próprias das UGRHI[s] estudadas. O conjunto dos indicadores e subíndices assim construído é apresentado à consulta das partes interessadas, via Câmara Ambiental Sucroalcooleira, da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo – CETESB e Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas – CBH, em razão da forma participativa de atuação destes colegiados. Vislumbra-se que a CETESB implemente institucionalmente o ISAAC, por meio de relatório de sustentabilidade, o qual poderá se consolidar como instrumento eficaz da gestão ambiental da agroindústria da cana-de-açúcar.
Resumo:
Surveys carried out in many Brazilian cities have shown that the CDW Construction and Demolition Waste, in some cases, represent more than 50% of the mass of urban solid residue. Municipalities have struggled to manage in an effective way huge quantities of CDW generated every day and solve the problem of the illegal dumping in an inadequate area, which compromise the quality of life of the population as a whole, thus causing serious problems concerning social-environmental and sanitary. This paperwork was meant it carry out environmental diagnosis of the management and the final destination of the CDW in the city of Parnamirim/RN. The methodology used in this work constituted in the bibliographical research, conducted to give support and fundaments to the subject in question, identification of the main places of legal and illegal dumping, identification of the environmental impacts caused by the irregular deposition of the CDW, valuation of quantity and quality of the CDW and perception according to the Environmental Legislation. The necessary data for the elaboration of this study were carried out through the appliance of questionnaires with open and closed questions, applied to 14 (fourteen) Real Estate developer companies associated with SINDUSCON/RN and 05 companies that deal with the transportation and collection of CDW, formal and informal interviews, exploitational visits and photographical records. The collected data went through a statistic treatment being organized into tables and graphs. The main results obtained from this research show that the interviewees hold a medium knowledge of the specific Environmental Legislation; do not have an effective model of environmental management, resorting to only reusing CDW; that the reusing of CDW is not substantial, as much as the possibility of recycling has a minimal consideration. It was also verified that a considerable percentage of interviewees affirmed to send CDW to illegal and inadequate locations. It is expected that such study can be used as an important tool to subsidize the public administration in the pursuit of solutions which could bring benefits to society and the environment
Resumo:
The present study inserts on the international environmental thematic, approaching the integrated management of solid waste and the participation of the social actors in the search of the sustainable development. The awareness in combining it still describes a Selective Collection Program SCP of solid waste, in partnership with the municipal public power, in the development of joint actions that result in better alternatives of waste management in the urban centers, providing better life quality for the population and conservation of the environment. The aim of this research is to study problematic of the management of solid waste under the point of view of the environmental awareness and the participation of the population in a city of Brazil. In this matter, the target of the work is focusing on the strategy of solid waste management, through the attitudes and the respondents behaviors to aid in the making decision of the public manager related to the implantation of a selective collection program in Natal/RN. The methodology used in this work constitutes in the application of a questionnaire with scales of the type Likert being constituted of variables that compose the aspects of attitudes and of behaviors, besides a social-demographic scale. For analysis statistics is used the Pearson s Chi-Square Method in order to verify the dependence of the associations between the social-demographic variables and the attitude and the behavior ones. The results appear for a larger participation in a SCP, since this provides a better quality of life of the population (28,3 %), followed for offering a financial advantage (27,3%). Other results indicate the existence of the variables that exercise influence on the environmental awareness of the population to its demographic aspects
Resumo:
Currently, many companies pay attention to the necessities of change of attitude in relation to the use of the natural resources and the environment quality of its products, mainly to keep a positive and competitive image in the market. This new concept of management associates the productive activities to the care with environment using the education of environment as a tool of programs of qualification directed toward the promotion of pro-environment behaviors. For effectiveness of this management it is essential the attachment of the employees and the major understanding of the importance of the preservation of the environment. This was the objective of the qualification process carried out in a lodge in Fernando de Noronha island. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to verify the power of this management system which fulfills the objectives of the environmental education. It was applied questionnaires to employees of three Inns and carried out a interview, in one Inn, with the participants of the program of qualification. The analysis of the data showed that the actions as care with the environment are strongly associates to the management system, which includes garbage control, as well water economy. It was observed that the environment accomplishment (EcoAntro) of the employees with environment decreases in proportion to their qualification. In the same way, as higher the instruction level, of the speaker and/or of the father, less is the apathy for environmental questions. It was also noticed that the knowledge about the development sustainability was very poorly used by the interviewed. The pro-environment behavior mentioned before, is not necessarily related to a local autonomy posture that could express a behavior related to job but not to environment it self. Therefore, a complete understanding about the reverberation of environment information an all the placed factors in a life stile facing a construction of sustainability remains as a question to be studied in future researches
Resumo:
It starts with the understanding that the relationship between society / nature is largely problematic in a context of socio-environmental crisis. In this context, we use the principle of hope to plan and work out new ways of understanding social reality, the relationship between science and alternative knowledge. The research is to investigate how the actors influence the social construction of urban environmental policy of the city of Mossoró / RN with reference to the processes of implementing the Master Plan and Agenda 21 of the municipality. The hypothesis of this research is that the Environmental Policy in Mossley has a normative character that is expressed primarily in the creation of an institutional political framework to manage environmental issues involving so incidental and or functional society participation mossoroense. Thus questioned who are the actors that build environmental policy Mossoró / RN. The specific objectives of this research are: Identify the environmental dimension of the Master Plan Agenda 21 articulated Mossoró / RN mapping information from the managers, engineers and members of the Municipal Environment and Municipal Council of Cities on the operation of urban environmental policy mossoroense and how it is performed by the Manager of Environmental Management in conjunction with the Department of Environment and Territorial Development (SEDETMA) and Executive Management of Urban Development. As a methodology, we used the method of the sociology of absences and emergencies in conjunction with the ecology of knowledge and productivity. It is a qualitative research and documentary, which was used as the Master Plan documents Mossoró / RN, minutes of meetings of boards and complementarity were carried out 12 semi-structured interviews with managers and directors of the Urban Environmental Policy of the Municipality of Mossoró / RN. They used also the social analytical or thematic maps for the translation of the dialogue among social partners, managers and directors who make the Environmental Policy Council. We conclude that these dialogues and experiences point to the construction of an environmental policy more participatory and effective, committed to individual and collective transformation of society mossoroense
Resumo:
The aim of this study is to investigate the eco-environmental vulnerability, its changes, and its causes to develop a management system for application of eco-environmental vulnerability and risk assessment in the Apodi-Mossory estuary, Northeast Brazil. This analysis is focused on the interference of the landscape conditions, and its changes, due to the following factors: the oil and natural gas industry, tropical fruits industry, shrimp farms, marine salt industry, occupation of the sensitive areas; demand for land, vegetation degradation, siltation in rivers, severe flooding, sea level rise (SLR), coastal dynamics, low and flat topography, high ecological value and tourism in the region and the rapid growth of urbanization. Conventional and remote sensing data were analyzed using modeling techniques based on ArcGIS, ER-Mapper, ERDAS Imagine and ENVI software. Digital images were initially processed by Principal Component Analysis and transformation of the maximum fraction of noise, and then all bands were normalized to reduce errors caused by bands of different sizes. They were integrated in a Geographic Information System analysis to detect changes, to generate digital elevation models, geomorphic indices and other variables of the study area. A three band color combination of multispectral bands was used to monitor changes of land and vegetation cover from 1986 to 2009. This task also included the analysis of various secondary data, such as field data, socioeconomic data, environmental data and prospects growth. The main objective of this study was to improve our understanding of eco-environmental vulnerability and risk assessment; it´s causes basically show the intensity, its distribution and human-environment effect on the ecosystem, and identify the high and low sensitive areas and area of inundation due to future SLR, and the loss of land due to coastal erosion in the Apodi-Mossoró estuary in order to establish a strategy for sustainable land use. The developed model includes some basic factors such as geology, geomorphology, soils, land use / land cover, vegetation cover, slope, topography and hydrology. The numerical results indicate that 9.86% of total study area was under very high vulnerability, 29.12% high vulnerability, 52.90% moderate vulnerability and 2.23% were in the category of very low vulnerability. The analysis indicates that 216.1 km² and 362.8 km² area flooded on 1m and 10m in sea levels respectively. The sectors most affected were residential, industrial and recreational areas, agricultural land, and ecosystems of high environmental sensitivity. The results showed that changes in eco-environmental vulnerability have a significant impact on the sustainable development of the RN state, since the indicator is a function of sensitivity, exposure and status in relation to a level of damage. The model were presented as a tool to assist in indexing vulnerability in order to optimize actions and assess the implications of decisions makers and policies regarding the management of coastal and estuarine areas. In this context aspects such as population growth, degradation of vegetation, land use / land cover, amount and type of industrialization, SLR and government policies for environmental protection were considered the main factors that affect the eco-environmental changes over the last three decades in the Apodi-Mossoró estuary.
Resumo:
The search for sustainable solutions through an appropriate environmental administration of the available natural resources, that comes from encounter to the aspirations of preservation of the environment and of the human being, in way to diagnose and to solve the environmental and social problems with the smallest possible impact to the nature and the man, it is the great challenge, so much for that generation, as for the future generations. The study of the environmental problems of the water and the participation and the social actors' environmental understanding as a whole, interferes in the field of the thematic environmental international, contemplating the strategic need of an appropriate administration of that very natural one, through a program returned to the diagnosis of the problems and in the search of compatible maintainable solutions, in a social and environmental politics of planning and environmental education, centered above all in the citizen's voice , user of that system. The present thesis she seeks to study the problem of the maintainable administration of the water, focusing the participation and the citizen's environmental understanding in the use of that very natural one for urban residential activities, in what concerns the approach and analyses of variables that treat of the measurement of general knowledge and you adapt, sense of community of the access to the means of information and of the attitudes and environmental behaviors, besides the variables of partner-demographic characterization or personal identification of the interviewed ones of an exploratory research of the type " survey ", accomplished through a stratified aleatory sampling, being the strata each one of the 4 (four) Political-Administrative Areas of the Natal city, having happened the collection of the data in the period of february to april/2002. The methodology used in this work it constitutes in the application of questionnaires with scales of the type Likert to measure the echo-varied of the study, besides a partner-demographic scale for the characterization of the studied sample. For the analysis of the results, it was made an exploratory descriptive study initially, followed by the use of techniques statistical multivariate s, such as, factorial analysis through the application of main components, besides the accomplishment of studies of multiple lineal regression. To complement this study, the accomplishment of Tests of Independence was proceeded through the Qui-square of Pearson, in way to verify the dependence of the associations between the partner-demographic variables and the principal selected variables and presents in the resulting factors of the factorial analysis. The results appear for a low level of environmental knowledge, of access to the information and community's sense, besides the verification that the principal factors resultants send for the need of feeling emphasis in the programs and administration actions addressed for the environmental understanding, the behaviors and attitudes that approach the information and the environmental education, besides the reuse of the water
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Esta dissertação discorre sobre a política ambiental costeira, estruturada no Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro - Lei Federal nº 7.661/88, ao alcance do município de Bragança/Pa. Mostra de que forma a intervenção do poder público na questão do uso dos recursos naturais e ocupação desordenada costeira consegue alterar a situação de degradação ambiental na costa bragantina. O objetivo maior foi analisar os impactos (quanto efeitos e produtos) dessa política em Bragança. Para isso, discutiu-se teoricamente sobre a estrutura de políticas públicas, descentralização político-administrativa, governança em múltiplos níveis e falhas de governo na gestão ambiental. Constatou-se que a gestão dos recursos naturais e territorial realizado na zona costeira brasileira, orientada pelo Programa GERCO, durante seus 20 anos de existência, é limitada e diferenciada nos estados e municípios litorâneos. Os resultados apontam avanços, insuficiências e equívocos na gestão costeira bragantina, pois, a própria forma organizativa desse Programa não é efetivamente integrada, descentralizada, participativa e coordenada; além dos ínfimos incentivos financeiros para a aplicação de seus instrumentos de planejamento e gestão.
Resumo:
Esta dissertação de mestrado constitui-se em um estudo de caso do processo de criação, implementação e gestão da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Ilha do Combu (APA Combu) localizada no município de Belém no estado do Pará, delimitada temporalmente a partir do ato de sua criação no ano de 1997 ao período atual, ano de 2010. Como principais objetivos pretenderam-se analisar e refletir sobre os principais desafios e possibilidades da gestão ambiental da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Ilha do Combu; identificar as principais mudanças ocorridas na Ilha do Combu após o processo de criação da APA e identificar os principais problemas existentes na APA da Ilha do Combu. Os problemas que pretendemos responder são: Quais os principais desafios colocados e as possibilidades de uma gestão ambiental na APA da Ilha do Combu no contexto atual? Como se deu processo de criação da APA da Ilha do Combu na ótica do órgão gestor e das lideranças locais? E o que significou para a população da Ilha do Combu na ótica das lideranças locais a criação da APA? A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e de caráter interdisciplinar por abordar o problema na ótica de várias disciplinas buscando uma visão holística. Para a sua realização foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico, consultas e análises de fontes documentais, visitas de campo, trilhas no interior da ilha, observação simples em reuniões e oficinas e entrevistas com as lideranças locais da APA, gestores e técnicos do órgão ambiental. Utilizamo-nos também da cartografia como recurso metodológico para entender a dinâmica desse território e para georreferenciar a configuração atual da APA por meio de marcação de pontos através de GPS. As principais conclusões apontam para a fragilidade da gestão em unidades de conservação. Os desafios referem-se aos aspectos relacionados às demandas, aspecto cultural, órgão gestor e conselho e uma atenta visão de futuro. As possibilidades encontram-se na manutenção de uma floresta ainda bem conservada, a existência de um significativo arranjo institucional e lideranças comprometidas com o lugar. Não partiu da população local a criação da APA e nem houve um conhecimento por todos da sua criação. A criação da APA não teve muito significado para o cotidiano da sua população porque nenhuma mudança foi percebida desde a sua criação. Mas, salienta que a partir de dois anos para cá já é sentido algumas tímidas intervenções do órgão gestor responsável, inclusive com grande expectativa na construção da sede da APA na ilha.
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE
Resumo:
Analisa de que forma as práticas de educação ambiental tem contribuído para o fortalecimento e consolidação da gestão de unidades de conservação, a partir das falas da comunidade local. Adotou-se como lócus de pesquisa a Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Algodoal-Maiandeua. Foram entrevistadas cem famílias residentes nas quatro comunidades da APA Algodoal-Maiandeua: Vila de Algodoal, Vila Fortalezinha, Vila de Camboinha e Vila de Mocooca. Verificou-se que a educação ambiental pouco tem contribuído para a consolidação da gestão socioambiental da unidade de conservação pelos seguintes motivos: baixa frequência das ações, falta de continuidade das ações, não envolvimento da comunidade local no planejamento e implementação das ações, resultando em ações que não contemplam temas considerados importantes pela comunidade local, ausência da gerencia na unidade de conservação, ações de educação ambiental concentradas nos visitantes, ações restritas aos períodos chamados de “alta temporada” – mês de Julho, Reveillón e feriados – onde ocorre um aumento no fluxo de visitação na Ilha de Algodoal-Maiandeua. Constatou-se que o baixo grau de efetividade das ações de educação ambiental implementadas contribui para que a UC não desempenhe plenamente a sua função como unidade de conservação, mostrando-se necessário a reestruturação ampla da gestão, para que esta possa ser concretizada como previsto no Sistema de Unidades de Conservação.