Persistência do plano experimental em ensaios de avaliação de germoplasma elite de feijão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A mortalidade neonatal em 1998, no município de Botucatu - SP

Considerando que a mortalidade neonatal é indicador da qualidade da assistência prestada à gestante, ao parto e ao recém-nascido, realizamos o presente trabalho, cujo objetivo foi identificar as causas e o índice de mortalidade neonatal durante o ano de 1998 em Botucatu-SP. O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal obtido foi de 8,3/1000 nascidos vivos e o coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal precoce foi de 7,3/1000 nascidos vivos, confirmando a importância dos óbitos na primeira semana de vida. Aproximadamente três quartos dos óbitos puderam ser classificados como reduzíveis por diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, reduzíveis por adequada atenção ao parto ou parcialmente reduzíveis por adequado controle da gravidez, evidenciando que para se reduzir os índices de morte neonatal, deveremos investir na melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada à gestante, à parturiente e ao neonato.

O poder e as injustiças nas pesquisas em seres humanos

Após considerações gerais sobre a ética na pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos, focaliza-se a possibilidade de ocorrências de injustiças, sob a égide de diversas formas de poder. Exemplificam-se situações concretas. Enfatiza-se a análise das possíveis injustiças à luz da Bioética, com destaque para multi e transdisciplinaridade. O autor se posiciona quanto às características atuais da Bioética, cuja ótica levou à elaboração das Diretrizes éticas para a pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos, no Brasil (Resolução 196/96 e complementares do Conselho Nacional de Saúde). Descreve-se a sistemática das atividades do Grupo Executivo de Trabalho - GET, designado pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde (órgão de controle social na área da saúde), para elaborar as Diretrizes. É dado destaque à participação dos diversos segmentos da sociedade, evidenciando multi e transdiciplinaridade, sob a coordenação do GET, do qual o autor foi Presidente. Comentam-se os principais tópicos das Diretrizes brasileiras, enfocando-se a sua relação com o tema de poder e injustiça. Salienta-se o papel dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa - CEP e da Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa - CONEP.

Nucleotide sequence, genomic organization and chromosome localization of 5S rDNA in two species of Curimatidae (Teleostei, Characiformes)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Luminescence of Eu(III) beta-diketone complex supported on functionalized macroporous silica matrix

This work reports on the photoluminescent properties of the complex diequatris(thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) europium(III), which was adsorbed or supported on tubes of modified surface silica matrix. The luminescence data and the experimental intensity parameter results evidence the existence of high interactions between the complex [Eu(tta)(3)(H2O)(2)] and the modified surface matrix. The anchored complex on macroporous silica shows higher intensity parameter values suggesting that the Eu-0 bond becomes more covalent than the adsorbed one. Therefore, the hypersensitive character of the D-5(0) --> F-7(2) transition increases evidencing a high contribution of the dynamic coupling mechanism possibly due to highly polarizable chemical environments occupied by europium(III) ion. The lifetimes of the complex on silica matrices were measured. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Design and ergonomics of package inserts of drugs in Brazil: a reality in construction

This research deals with the design of leaflets of medicines, evidencing the problems resulting from the lack of Brazilian normalization to promote the use of the graphical representation of instructional texts warnings. It approaches studies related to the effectiveness and efficiency of information systems, highlighting the semiotics and the cultural and informational ergonomics. The analysis of the context uses as method, an analytical study on selected warnings of thirty leaflets of medicines, followed by interviews lead with the public managers involved with the regulation of the pharmaceutical companies, and two experiments with users performed in city of Recife, in State of Pernambuco: one aiming at to identify how they interact with the leaflets of medicines, and the second one testing their understanding concerning standardized illustrations in the United States and the South Africa. The results show the need for improvements in presentation and graphic representation of leaflets of medicines, powering them to the role of communication, to ensure the consumption of medicine safely by its users. The conclusion congregates parameters and recommendations for the graphic representation of warnings in leaflets of medicines in Brazil.

Influence of Ag addition on the thermal behavior of the Cu-11 mass% Al alloy

In this work the influence of Ag additions on the thermal behavior of the Cu-11 mass% Al alloy was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, in situ X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that changes in the heating rate shift the peak attributed to alpha phase formation to higher temperatures, evidencing the diffusive character of this reaction. The activation energy value for the alpha phase formation reaction, obtained from a non-isotherm kinetic model, is close to that corresponding to Cu atoms self diffusion, thus confirming that this reaction is dominated by Cu atoms diffusion through the martensite matrix.

Investigation of the corrosion behaviour of AA 2024-T3 in low concentrated chloride media

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determinação de parâmetros genéticos em população de gonçalo-alves (Astronium fraxinifolium) através das características fisiológicas da semente

Seeds of Astronium fraxinifolium (Anarcadiaceae) were collected in two years, and submitted to tests of seed germination and vigour (first count, aging and electric conductivity), in order to verify the potencial of conservation and if variations in the seed quality presented on association with genetic parameters. Coefficient of heritability in average (ĥm 2) were 0.91 and 0.97 to germination; 0.90 and 0.96 to first count; 0.93 and 0.97 to aging and 0.95 and 0.99 to electric conductivity, for seeds collected in 1997 and 1998, respectively, evidencing a great heritability to all studied characteristics. Genetic variability was influenced more by environmental conditions of blooming and harvest of seeds than storage time.

Composição faunística de insetos predadores em fragmento florestal e em área de hortaliças na região de Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo

A population survey was carried out in a forest fragment and in an area of vegetables, from November/1996 to February/1998, aiming to determine the predator insect species and the influence of abiotic factors. The samples were taken weekly by light traps. The results were evaluated using faunistic analysis and simple correlation with temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. In the forest fragment higher similarity in the abundance of species was observed comparing to the area of vegetables, but the largest number of captured individuals (95%) occurred in this last habitat. Metius sp., Polpochila impressifrons (Dej.), Eulissus sp. and Doru sp. were predominant species in both areas, evidencing they may play an important role as pest predators in areas of vegetables. Arthrostictus speciosus (Dej.) and Leptotrachelus sp. predominated in the forest fragment, and the same was observed with Paederus sp. in the vegetable area. This species is probably adapted for open and hot places, while A. speciosus and Leptotrachelus sp. can be adapted for dark and humid places of forests.

Description of the nucleolar activity and karyotype in germinative cell lines of Rhodnius domesticus (Triatominae, Heteroptera)

The purpose of this work was to study the karyotype, spermatogenesis and nucleolar activity at meiosis, in the species Rhodnius domesticus (Heteroptera, Triatominae). The testicular tubules were cytologically prepared by the conventional method of cell crushing and subsequent application of cytogenetic staining techniques with lacto-acetic orcein and silver-ion impregnation. The species under study presented karyotype 2n= 20A+XY, the modal number of the subfamily Triatominae. The chromosomes presented no primary constriction and were therefore characterized as holocentric. It was observed that the sex chromosomes sometimes were located at the periphery, close to the ring formed by autosomes, at first meiotic division. At metaphases II, sex chromosomes were positioned in the center of the autosomal ring, thus evidencing a postreductional behavior. These same chromosomes showed late migration at anaphases and were clearly impregnated with silver-ions, suggesting they bore Nucleolar Organizer Regions. Dispersed nucleolar corpuscles in cytoplasm until telophase II and small dots in spermatids strongly impregnated with silver, could be seen. Thus, it may be inferred that, in triatomines, the nucleolus does not completely disappear but remains in the form of small corpuscles that have a role in cell differentiation.

Parâmetros genéticos para caracteres de crescimento, de produção e tecnológicos da madeira em clones de Eucalyptus spp

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The role of coarse intermetallics in the localized corrosion behaviour of AA 2024-T3 in low concentrated chloride media

Aluminium alloy (AA) 2024-T3 is an important engineering material due to its widespread use in the aerospace industry. However, it is very prone to localized corrosion attack in chloride containing media, which has been mainly associated to the presence of coarse intermetallics (IMs). In this work the corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy 2024-T3 in low concentrated chloride media was investigated using microscopy and electrochemical methods. SEM observations have shown that intermetallics with the same nominal composition present heterogeneous reaction rates, and that both types of coarse IMs normally found in the AA 2024-T3 microstructure corrode. Moreover, EDS analyses have shown important compositional changes in the corroded IMs, evidencing the selective corrosion of their more active constituents and the onset of an intense oxygen peak, irrespective to the IM nature. TEM/EDS observations on non-corroded samples have evidenced the heterogeneous composition within the IMs. On the other hand, the results of the electrochemical investigations, in accordance with the SEM/EDS observations, have evidenced that IMs corrosion dominates the electrochemical response of the alloy during the first hours of immersion in the test electrolyte. © 2009 by NACE International.

Mechanical behavior of isolated intervertebral disc

The study on several components of intervertebral joints is essential to understand the spine's degenerative mechanisms and to assess the best method for their treatment. For such study it is necessary to know the mechanical properties of the isolated intervertebral disc (ID) mechanical properties and, it is necessary to evaluate its stresses and strains. In order to assess the ID displacements, a fine, U-shaped blade was developed, over which two extensometers connected in a Wheatstone bridge were placed. The device was then tested on porcine spine ID, where compression loads were applied and the extremities displacements of the blade coupled to the intervertebral disc were measured. Stress/strain diagram, both on the compression and on the decompression phases, evidencing the non-linear nature of such relationship. With the experiment, it was possible to obtain approximate values of the longitudinal elasticity module (E) of the disc material and of the Poisson coefficient (n ). After several tests, E results are compatible with those obtained by others studies, with very simple and low-cost device. This experiments can be used for obtained others mechanical properties of isolated ID with precision and accuracy.

Water quality in six sequentially disposed fishponds with continuous water flow

This study evaluated selected limnological variables in inlet water in six sequentially distributed semi-intensive fishponds. Data were collected during 15 consecutive days in three distinct grow-out periods (May, October and January). Only phosphorus and pH varied among sites and periods (p < 0.01); the opposite (p > 0.05) occurred in the cases of nitrite and dissolved oxygen. No variation was reported with regard to dissolved oxygen, conductivity, alkalinity, free CO2, bicarbonate, chlorophyll-a, nitrite and ammonia did not vary throughout the period (p > 0.05). In May, or rather, the final grow-out period, the fishponds displayed high concentrations, mainly in nitrogen compounds. As from fishpond 3, the inlet water contained high levels of nutrients. The water is passed from pond to pond, evidencing the need for management practices adequate to the specific conditions of each pond. Water quality should be monitored more frequently during high grow-out period when food addition is more intense. Thereafter, more care should be taken, as highest phosphorus concentrations occurred in May.