911 resultados para Escolas públicas - Brasil


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The Policy Pedagogical Project can be understand like a guide element of education actions, that links itself to a history social project, bringing an specific way to understand the school and its function in society. The actual brazilian legislation is based on inclusive educational policy defended since 1990 by Ministry of Education. Faced this situation the present research intends verify if the schools are organized to act into this new paradigm, using analisis of the Policy Pedagogical Projects. That's why were analized the projects of 6 public schools of basic study that attend impaired students in regular classes. Those projects were analized based on a inclusive school indicators purposed by the Ministry of Education, that is based on a specific theorical reference and on determined actions that favor the impaired student learning. The data pointed that the majority of schools shows in theorical camp assumptions vinculated to Inclusive Education Policy. However, the presented actions are still shy and limited, so there is no differentiated purpose that attend the educational needs of impaired students. It concludes that the speech about inclusive education have already been assimilated by the school, however the actions are still begginers. The Pedagogical Project colectively built, could constitute an effective instrument to think about an make a quality school, an emancipatory school for all.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The research addresses the teacher know-how in relation to how it is crafted to education for sexuality in two public schools in Coimbra - Portugal, with teachers from different areas of the 3rd cycle of basic education (humanities, sciences and biological sciences), which corresponds to the Elementary School II in Brazil. It will be based on law 60/2009 of August 6, regulated by Decree 196-A of April 9, 2010 of the Ministry of Education - Portugal, which establishes the implementation of sexual education in primary and secondary schools across the country. This research is funded by FAPESP - Research Support Fund of the State of São Paulo, process number 2011/12902-3. The research was based on a qualitative approach, conducting case studies and using semistructured interviews for data collection. The performance of the topic of sexuality and gender relations at Portuguese’s classroom aims to provide young people the opportunity to exercise their sexuality in a responsible, healthy and pleasurable way. The law seeks to ensure that this work is established in the Portuguese school effectively. Therefore, the trajectory of teachers formation (initial or continuing) will also be a focus of this research, to understand how and where it is built and how they act in their daily classroom practices, with their students the sexuality and gender relations

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The theme of African-Brazilian culture is still little explored in the school environment, in spite of the 10.639/03 law which prescribes its mandatory teaching as well as that of African-Brazilian history and African culture in all schools, public and private, from the Elementary School level to High School. Moreover, this law emphasizes the importance that these cultures had in the formation of Brazilian society. Considering this issue, this paper aims to analyze the work Três anjos mulatos do Brasil (2011), by Rui de Oliveira, which brings together three sensitive and touching biographies, followed by beautiful and artistic pictures. hese narratives address the genius of three great artists –Aleijadinho, Mestre Valentim and Father José Maurício–, their styles, their creations and struggle for recognition, as well as the sufering they experienced, primarily caused by racial discrimination. Also, we intend to present in this text a suggested pedagogical use of the work by Oliveira, by applying the “Recepcional” method, as it was deined by Bordini and Aguiar (1993).

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The objective was to map the prevalence of nutritional disorders in children attending the 1st to 4th grade of 12 public elementary schools located in the 5 administrative regions of Piracicaba, SP, each with its own socioeconomic profi le, from 2003 to 2006. A total of 16,068 children, divided into 8,133 (50.6%) girls and 7,935 (49.4%) boys, aged 7 to 11 years, were weighed and measured. Their nutritional status indicators heightfor-age (H/A), weight-for-age (W/A), and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) were compared with those of the NCHS/CDC 2000 reference population and classifi ed according to the z-score cut-off points recommended by the World Health Organization. During that period, the Western Region, which has the lowest socioeconomic indicators, had the lowest z-score medians of the three anthropometric indicators assessed (p<0.0001) and was the only region to have a higher-than-expected stunting prevalence (3.0% with Z < -2). Excess weight prevalence was higher than expected in all regions. The Central Region, which has the highest socioeconomic indicators, had the highest excess weight prevalence (6.0% with Z > 2). Time had a positive effect on the stunted children, reducing the stunting rates in the regions with the lowest socioeconomic indicators. In conclusion, the three nutritional status indicators showed results suitable to the social and economic characteristics of each region. Although nutritional disorders have particular characteristics, they are a problem to the entire population.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar aspectos históricos das questões políticas, ideológicas e conceituais que estiveram presentes nas discussões referentes à instrução nacional francesa no final do século XVIII, enfatizando as proposições de Condorcet, no Rapport de 1792, como sendo base desse tipo de debate durante o processo revolucionário na França. Privilegiamos, portanto, analisar as prerrogativas discursivas dessa proposta e o certame suscitado a partir dela, pois resultaram, até mesmo, em novas proposições, entre elas as de Romme, Robespierre, Lepelletier e Lakanal. Trata-se de uma abordagem que nos proporciona a compreensão da base moderna do debate sobre instrução pública que se configurou no século XIX. Essa concorrência de ideias entre os franceses se estabeleceu como o grande legado teórico para os sistemas modernos de ensino, inclusive o brasileiro. Depreendemos, ainda, que a instrução defendida na França estava permeada pelos ideais de razão, moral e cientificismo.

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Resultado de levantamento exaustivo - que localizou 71 estudos - das teses e das dissertações produzidas no Brasil, entre 1993 e 2007, sobre as diferenças de desempenho escolar entre os sexos, este artigo enfoca 21 trabalhos cujos achados nos pareceram mais relevantes. São pesquisas predominantemente qualitativas e que abordam, principalmente, as séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas em diferentes regiões do País, tanto em áreas urbanas como rurais. Permitem afirmar alguma homogeneidade na cultura escolar, em especial nessas séries, no que tange às opiniões das professoras, reafirmando diferenças de comportamento entre meninos e meninas e atribuindo essas diferenças à socialização familiar. São escassas as pesquisas que incorporam as falas das crianças e escassos os estudos sobre as camadas médias. Do ponto de vista teórico, poucas pesquisas articulam o gênero a outros determinantes sociais e raras demonstram uma apreensão complexa das relações de gênero no campo simbólico, para além da interação homem- mulher.

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O objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar como as ideias sobre a juventude, representadas pelos discursos oriundos de diferentes materiais empíricos – documentos governamentais e de organizações da sociedade civil e entrevistas não-estruturadas – e a forma pela qual os jovens são reconhecidos como sujeitos de direitos influenciaram o processo de formação das políticas de juventude no Brasil e institucionalização do tema em âmbito federal, assim como a escolha pelas estratégias administrativas que constituem as principais formas de ação e de gestão governamental no tema. Para isso, adotamos como ponto de partida a reflexão sobre o uso da retórica, por meio de metáforas e narrativas na formação e trajetória das políticas, a existência de coalizões discursivas em seu desenvolvimento e a utilização de frames (enquadramentos interpretativos) no exame dos pontos de inflexão das ações para a juventude no Brasil. Em seguida, identificamos as principais ideias sobre as juventudes presentes no campo e analisamos como elas alimentaram o reconhecimento dos jovens enquanto segmento social diferenciado dos demais em função da sua “condição juvenil” e enquanto sujeitos de direitos integrais. Com base nessas concepções, examinamos a criação e a definição as principais funções da Secretaria Nacional de Juventude, a partir de um debate sobre o conceito de transversalidade, e a formulação e trajetória do Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens (PROJOVEM), adentrando o debate sobre a intersetorialidade nas políticas públicas. A principal contribuição dessa pesquisa foi relacionar como as ideias e discursos influem não apenas na formação de políticas, mas também como as construções sociais que emergem do campo, balizadas pelo reconhecimento dos sujeitos de direitos, também impactam nas estratégias de gestão. Conclui-se, ainda, que apesar da crescente importância atribuída à gestão transversal e à articulação intersetorial na gestão das políticas de juventude no Brasil, são as próprias concepções que orientam sua escolha como estratégias administrativas das quais decorrem os principais limites para a sua operacionalização cotidiana pela administração pública brasileira em nível federal.

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A presente dissertação de Mestrado visa à investigação, observação e o estudo de ações de Educação para a Sustentabilidade (nos âmbitos da educação formal e não formal) que vêm sendo desenvolvidas, através de levantamento histórico e de um Estudo de Caso. O objetivo é refletir sobre aspectos das relações existentes entre ONGs socioambientalistas e escolas públicas e seu respectivo impacto nas localidades onde estão sendo implementadas, bem como, nos indivíduos nelas inseridos. Pretende-se analisar estas relações, as metodologias utilizadas, bem como, refletir sobre políticas públicas que apóiam estas ações.

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Formal education, understood by the gradual process that occurs at school, aims at learning and systematic knowledge is of great interest to society as it benefits its individuals and leads to many positive effects, such as increased productivity and welfare (Johnes, Johnes, 2007). Understanding what influences the educational outcome is as important as the result itself, because lets you manage these variables in order to obtain a better student performance. This work uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare the efficiency of Rio Grande do Norte schools. In this nonparametric method, an efficiency frontier was construct from the best schools that use the inputs set to generate educational products. Therefore, the data used were obtain by Test Brazil and year 2011 School Census to state and municipal schools of Rio Grande do Norte. Some of the variables considered as inputs and outputs have been obtain directly these bases - the other two were prepared, using the Item Response Theory (IRT) - they are the socioeconomic and school infrastructure indices. As a first step, we compared several DEA models, with changes of input variables. Then was chose the non-discretionary model for which was deep the analysis of results. The results showed that only seven schools were efficient in the 5th and 9th grades simultaneously; there were no significant differences between the efficiency of municipal and state schools; and there were no differences between large and small schools. Analyzing the municipalities, Mossoró excelled in both years with the highest proportion of efficient schools. Finally, the study suggests that using the projections provided by the DEA method, the most inefficient schools would be able to achieve the goal IDEB in 2011, in other words, it is possible to improve the education of significant state taking the efficient schools as a basis for too much.

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This study has as object eight state vocational schools located in Araguari, Araxá, Frutal, Ituiutaba, Monte Carmelo, Patos de Minas, Uberaba and Uberlândia, in Minas Gerais. The period analyzed comprises the years from 1965 to 1976, from the signature of the Agreement 512-11-610-042 beteween the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) and the American Agency for International Development (USAID), which started a series of other agreements, and actions ending up with the creation of the Expansion and Improvement of High Schools Program (Programa de Expansão e Melhoria do Ensino Médio - PREMEM) and, from this, the Vocational Schools. The upper limit of the study, 1976, was the year when these agreements, known as MEC/USAID agreements ceased. The Vocational Schools were characterized as vocation probing schools, directing the professional formation of the population in general, which would happen a posteriori, turning it shorter and more effective, since the labor market would demand, urgently, capable professionals for an expanding economy. The project of Vocational Schools had a national scope, and foresaw, for its unfolding, the complete substitution of State Schools for the new model, called “multi-curricula”. The theme Vocational schools was the object of my Master’s degree study, when I focused the State School Guiomar de Freitas Costa, in Uberlândia. That study raised questionings and concerns that resulted in the central problem of the thesis presented here: understanding the measure in which such schools integrated the country’s development project – mostly in the first half of the military rule – and to understand its structure, functionality and efficacyThe development of the study presented here, demanded the use of several sources: 1) specialized literature about the topics presented, i.e., the situation of national education in a temporal analysis, the political, economical and social context, research methodologies, the theory of human capital, vocational teaching, pedagogical trends and practices, agreements MEC-USAID and PREMEM; 2) national, state and county laws related to the discussion: laws of national education directives and basis, decrees and reports stating about the program of technical cooperation between Brazil and the United States of America, the Program of Expansion and Improvement of Teaching (PREMEM), formation of professors, establishment of Vocational Schools and educational planning; 3) documentation of school archives: books of minutes of Collegiate and of faculty and staff, registrar books with final scores, enrolment, visits of inspector, accounting books, punch clock records, student, professor and staff occurrences, inventory, class schedules, school year calendar, school rules, class reports, payment rolls, bills of sales, exchanged mail, personal documentation of professional personnel, documents of land acquisition, blueprints, manuals of PREMEM, didactic materials/resources used in classes, books available in the school library, structured evaluations for follow-up of school processes, pictures of events, texts prepared for special dates, and news from the official newspaper and, finally, 4) national and local press reports, especially from Folha de São Paulo, Correio de Araxá, Correio de Uberlândia and Lavoura e Comércio (Uberaba). The proposition of Vocational schools was conciliate theoretical and practical formation through an active education permeated by technological resources. The contact with knowledge and several practical activities under professional supervision, the student would identify the knowledge area that would interest him the most and his aptitude. This formation in primary school would make way for the vocation studies in high school, which became mandatory by the law 5.692/71, that reformed school education from the previous levels of elementary, middle high and high school. However, the multi-curricula proposal that would be spread to the other public schools in the country ended up succumbing to the model already established. From its ephemeral existence, maybe the Vocational Schools have not reached the more general goals in political, economic and social aspects; however, this study demonstrated that, for the people that, directly or indirectly, had contact with such schools, a legacy of vocational and quality teaching was made, so much so, that forty years after the end of that proposal, they are still remembered.

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O desenvolvimento sócio-econômico e os hábitos de vida geram um consumo excessivo, que conduz à lapidação de recursos e à geração de grande quantidade de resíduos.Este trabalho e tem como objetivo relatar como se iniciou a promoção da Educação Ambiental (EA) em escolas públicas de Araguari-MG por meio da implantação de um modelo de compostagem de resíduos sólidos orgânicos, contribuindo para a gestão de resíduos destas e amenizando os impactos no meio ambiente e na saúde, acarretados pela geração e inadequada disposição destes. A metodologia deste trabalho constitui em primeiro lugar na caracterização dos resíduos sólidos urbanos da cidade de Araguari-MG, sensibilização e discussões em relação a problemas ambientais e a importância de amenizar os impactos ambientais gerados pela utilização inadequada dos recursos naturais. Para solucionar a problemática que envolve os resíduos sólidos, é necessário que os municípios adotem o gerenciamento integrado de resíduos sólidos, dando a este uma nova utilidade, contribuindo para amenizar seus impactos no meio ambiente, na saúde, bem como na gestão adequada de seus resíduos e implantação de cidades verdadeiramente sustentáveis.

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Este trabalho objetiva expor, discutir e avaliar os resultados do Projeto “Educação Popular: O Município e a Cidade” (Programa de Formação Continuada em Educação, Saúde e Culturas Populares - 2010 - PROEX – UFU). Dentre os principais objetivos do Projeto destacaram-se: criar oportunidades para o desenvolvimento e a construção de competências e habilidades e novos conhecimentos voltados para a conquista da cidadania na perspectiva popular; reflexão critica sobre a sociedade; promover diálogos e e sistematização de novos saberes e desenvolver habilidades para a elaboração de textos e ou desenhos pensando o município e a cidade tendo como meta a edição e publicação de um livro-audio a ser distribuído para bibliotecas de escolas públicas e entidades populares de Uberlândia visando a socialização dos resultado dos trabalhos. O Projeto integrou programação do Laboratório de Ensino de Geografia - LEGEO / Instituto de Geografia, em conjunto com a Escola Técnica de Saúde ESTES, tendo como público a comunidade em geral. Este fundamentou-se na transdisciplinaridade e em práticas pedagógicas participativas, valorizando saberes e fazeres populares, enquanto trocas entre a Equipe e o público alvo. Foram realizados dezessete encontros com setenta e seis horas de atividades, desenvolvendo o proposto, construindo conceitos, suscitando temáticas, definindo temas para produção dos textos, e os modos de elaboração dos mestes, de acordo com as temáticas de interesse popular suscitadas pelos participantes. As atividades propiciaram trocas de saberes, as quais se constituíram na base da sistematização e construção coletiva de novos conhecimentos.Os encontros e outras atividades possibilitaram ainda a reflexão sobre problemas socioambientais locais e a elaboração de estratégias para o enfrentamento de modos de opressão, formulando alternativas solidárias para a sua superação.