O abaixamento das vogais médias pretônicas em Belém/PA: um estudo variacionista sobre o dialeto do migrante maranhense frente ao dialeto falado em Belém/PA

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o Abaixamento das vogais médias pretônicas na variedade do português falado em Belém (PA). Pautamos-nos nos pressupostos da sociolinguística quantitativa de Labov (1972), e utilizados alguns procedimentos metodológicos adotados por Bortoni-Ricardo (1985) para as análises de redes sociais, importantes para o estudo de dialetos em comunidades de migração, como é o caso de Belém, que recebeu intenso fluxo migratório nas décadas de 50 a 80 do século passado. Utilizamos também, para comparação, os resultados de Castro (2008), Souza (2010) e Ferreira (2013). O corpus foi formado a partir de gravações de entrevistas de 18 informantes, divididos em dois grupos: a) um grupo de ancoragem, com 12 (doze) informantes migrantes do estado do Maranhão (06 (seis) do sexo masculino e 06 (seis) do sexo feminino), com idade de 50 ou mais, e que residem em Belém há mais de vinte e cinco anos; b) outro de controle, com 06 (seis) informantes (03 (três) do sexo masculino e 03 (três) do sexo feminino), paraenses descendentes do grupo de ancoragem, com idade entre 20 e 30 anos, ou que migraram para Belém muito novos, com até três anos. Os dados do corpus submetidos às análises somaram 3.099 ocorrências das vogais-objeto, anterior (1.948) e posterior (1.151). Foram estabelecidas como variáveis extralinguísticas: sexo, grupo de amostra e escolaridade. Para variáveis linguísticas foram consideradas: altura da vogal tônica, grau de recuo da tônica, grau de nasalidade da tônica, posição da pretônica no vocábulo, vogal contígua, distância relativa à sílaba tônica, segmento precedente, segmento seguinte e tipo de rima. Após as análises estatísticas computadas pelo software Goldvarb X, os resultados mostraram que no dialeto de Belém/PA há uma predominância das variantes de manutenção – [e] 40,7% e [o] 43,5% em detrimento das do alteamento – [i] 23,9% e [u] 16,1%, e do abaixamento – [E] 35,5% e [O] 40,4%, contudo, por ser o abaixamento a variante mais produtiva no Maranhão, este foi o fenômeno analisado. As variáveis linguísticas que favoreceram o abaixamento das variantes estudadas foram: (i) altura da vogal tônica, (ii) grau de recuo da tônica, (iii) grau de nasalidade da tônica, (iv) vogal contígua, (v) distância relativa à sílaba tônica, (vi) segmento precedente, (vii) segmento seguinte e (viii) tipo de rima. Com relação às variáveis extralinguísticas (ix) o grupo de amostra favoreceu o abaixamento tanto de quanto de e a variável (x) sexo favoreceu apenas o abaixamento de . Os resultados revelaram manutenção da marca dialetal dos migrantes maranhenses mesmo em virtude do contato interdialetal com outro dialeto e evidenciaram que o abaixamento vocálico no dialeto em questão é motivado, sobretudo pelo processo de harmonia vocálica. Tais resultados são reflexos da rede social dos informantes, a qual tem alta densidade e cujo vernáculo é símbolo de identidade.

As vogais médias pretônicas na variedade do interior paulista

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O espraiamento da nasalização do português do Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Guia para a transcrição fonética do dialeto paulista

Designed to allow reading, the writing system is a form of representation of speech. However, it does not represent phonetic sounds exactly. This task is realized by phonetic alphabets, with specific phonetic transcriptions. The International Phonetic Association Alphabet (IPA) is most currently used. This alphabet is based on the articulatory possibilities of man. The aim of the present work is to write a phonetic guide to transcribe the Paulista dialect. A phonetic transcription is important in the creation of dictionaries and in the production of speech technologies. It has been established rules to guide the transcriptions. These rules have been defined taking into consideration a standard variety of Paulista dialect. The phonetic rules were set up to facilitate reading in relation to the spelling of Portuguese

Estudo acústico da variação da frase interrogativa, com destaque para o dialeto paulista

With the new computational technology, the studies of acoustic phonetics started to have a special place. This brought a new way of seeing the phenomenon and to deal with it in the phonetics and in the phonology. Such studies have been developing even more, recently, with a facilitated use of computational programs specially developed to the acoustic analysis of speech, such as PRAAT. Programs like this have been very interesting and useful recently. The acoustic models of analysis have influenced the way the researchers came to see and to interpret the prosodic phenomenon. The current project investigates the acoustic production of declarative and interrogative sentences from the “paulista” Portuguese. This study contributes for a more detailed description of the phenomenon, also becoming inserted in the chart of “intonational” descriptions of the Brazilian Portuguese. The subject of this current project is the acoustic study of some intonation aspects from the speaking Portuguese in Brazil, with a special place to the “paulista” dialect. The current project´s purpose is to make a specific study of interrogatives sentences through the acoustic data analysis of “paulista” dialect speakers

Discursos no milagre dos pães e dos peixes: tradução e estudo

The purpose of this work is to study the multiplication of loaves and fishes miracle scene that is narrated by the four gospels of the New Testament. After briefly presenting the gospels and the Greek dialect, koiné, that is used in the composition of these texts, we translated the corpus in order to recognize both the syntactic structures and lexicon used by the authors. In addition, we shortly analyzed the narrative categories of the miracle. At last, we focused on the descriptive and comparative study of the direct and indirect speeches that feature in the narratives, which has lead us to conclude that the direct speech takes a key role in organizing the scene as a whole

Balanço crítico da Sociolinguística Variacionista no estado de São Paulo e a proposição de uma frente programática de investigação

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento em Pesquisa (CNPq)

Estudo acústico das vogais do português brasileiro

In the area of Phonetics, current studies are mainly geared toward acoustic analysis of the speech. The technology of personal computers and available software made these analyses easier to be carried out. The following work used the software called PRAAT. Besides showing how it helps the researcher, the aim of this work is to bring new data for future consultation in this field, allowing comparisons and discussions about this subject. At FONAC, a place where a Project of Departmental Traineeship is run, coordinated by Prof. Dr. Luiz Carlos Cagliari and aimed at training on Acoustic Phonetics for undergraduates and graduates, there is a good quality recording, in which a speaker of the paulista dialect reads an excerpt of Michael Ende and Annegert Fuchshuber’s book named ‘The Dream-eater’ twice. The data obtained through it were analyzed directly or by statistic procedures. Tables and charts, created from these data, helped to visualize the similarities and differences between the vowels allowing an easier comprehension of the articulatory phenomenon. With the formants, specifically, prototypical values for the vowels of Portuguese and the dialect in study were obtained

Localizando o pretérito perfecto compuesto na linha do tempo: o estágio da gramaticalização do PPC nas variedades diatópicas argentinas

The aim of this study was to observe Argentine diatopic varieties and to identify in which stage of the evolution of the pretérito perfecto compuesto (PPC) the use of compound tense fits into these variations. Therefore, we assume as assumptions (I) some authors` description of the evolutionary stages of this verb tense in Spanish, (II) the description of the values assigned to the perfecto compuesto in the dialect regions of Argentina and (III) the contributions of studies on grammaticalization for the verb tenses analysis.

Aniceto dos Reis Gonçalves Viana (1840 - 1914): o linguista em seu tempo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aniceto dos Reis Gonçalves Viana (1840 - 1914): o linguista em seu tempo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Le Antichità di Bologna di Bartolomeo della Pugliola

For a long time, the work of a Franciscan Friar who had lived in Bologna and in Florence during the 13th and 14th centuries, Bartolomeo Della Pugliola, was thought to have been lost. Recent paleographic research, however, has affirmed that most of Della Pugliola’s work, although mixed into other authors, is contained in two manuscripts (1994 and 3843), currently kept at University Library in Bologna. Pugliola’s chronicle is central to Bolognese medieval literature, not only because it was the privileged source for the important work of Ramponis’ chronicle, but also because Bartolomeo della Pugliola’s sources are several significant works such as Jacopo Bianchetti’s lost writings and Pietro and Floriano Villolas’ chronicle (1163-1372). Ongoing historical studies and recent discoveries enabled me to reconstruct the historical chronology of Pugliola’s work as well as the Bolognese language between the 13th and 14th century The original purpose of my research was to add a linguistic commentary to the edition of the text in order to fill the gaps in medieval Bolognese language studies. In addition to being a reliable source, Pugliola’s chronicle was widely disseminated and became a sort of vulgate. The tradition of chronicle, through collation, allows the study of the language from a diachronic point of view. I therefore described all the linguistics phenomena related to phonetics, morphology and syntax in Pugliola’s text and I compared these results with variants in Villola’s and Ramponis’ chronicles. I also did likewise with another chronicle by a 16th century merchant, Friano Ubaldini, that I edited. This supplement helped to complete the Bolognese language outline from the 13th to the 16th century. In order to analize the data that I collected, I tried to approach them from a sociolinguistic point of view because each author represents a different variant of the language: closer to a scripta and the Florentine the language used by Pugliola, closer to the dialect spoken in Bologna the language used by Ubaldini. Differencies in handwriting especially show the models the authors try to reproduce or imitate. The glossary I added at the end of this study can help to understand these nuances with a number of examples.

El español internacional en los medios de comunicación: estudio de un caso de un programa de radio en internet

[ES]El objetivo del presente artículo es demostrar que existe un español internacional (EI) en los medios de comunicación de Hispanoamérica. Para ello, hemos escogido un programa de radio de la norma culta del español Atlántico. Por un lado, analizamos las definiciones que se han realizado del español de los medios de comunicación-lengua especial, Lázaro Carreter, para constatar si coadyuvan a la consolidación del concepto de EI y, por otro lado, realizamos un estudio dialectal con los americanismos léxicos del corpus para verificar hasta qué punto constituyen una isoglosa que impide la inteligibilidad y, por tanto, la no existencia de un EI en los medios de comunicación.

EXAM-S: an Analysis tool for Multi-Domain Policy Sets

As distributed collaborative applications and architectures are adopting policy based management for tasks such as access control, network security and data privacy, the management and consolidation of a large number of policies is becoming a crucial component of such policy based systems. In large-scale distributed collaborative applications like web services, there is the need of analyzing policy interactions and integrating policies. In this thesis, we propose and implement EXAM-S, a comprehensive environment for policy analysis and management, which can be used to perform a variety of functions such as policy property analyses, policy similarity analysis, policy integration etc. As part of this environment, we have proposed and implemented new techniques for the analysis of policies that rely on a deep study of state of the art techniques. Moreover, we propose an approach for solving heterogeneity problems that usually arise when considering the analysis of policies belonging to different domains. Our work focuses on analysis of access control policies written in the dialect of XACML (Extensible Access Control Markup Language). We consider XACML policies because XACML is a rich language which can represent many policies of interest to real world applications and is gaining widespread adoption in the industry.

Phonetic Aspects of Speech Communication

Nadeina set out to develop methods of speech development in Russian as a mother tongue, focusing on improving diction, training in voice quality control, intonation control, the removal of dialect, and speech etiquette. She began with training in the receptive skills of language, i.e. reading and listening, since the interpretation of someone else's language plays an important role in language production. Her studies of students' reading speed of students showed that it varies between 40 and 120 words per minute, which is normally considered very slow. She discovered a strong correlation between speed of reading and speaking skills: the slower a person reads the worse is their ability to speak and has designed exercises to improve reading skills. Nadeina also believes that listening to other people's speech is very important, both to analyse its content and in some cases as an example, so listening skills need to be developed. Many people have poor pronunciation habits acquired as children. On the basis of speech samples from young Russians (male and female, aged 17-22), Nadeina analysed the commonest speech faults - nasalisation, hesitation and hemming at the end of sense-groups, etc. Using a group of twenty listeners, she looked for a correlation between how voice quality is perceived and certain voice quality parameters, e.g. pitch range, tremulousness, fluency, whispering, harshness, sonority, tension and audible breath. She found that the less non-linguistic segment variations in speech appeared, the more attractive the speech was rated. The results are included in a textbook aimed at helping people to improve their oral skills and to communicate ideas to an audience. She believes this will assist Russian officials in their attempts to communicate their ideas to different social spheres, and also foreigners learning Russian.