School Leader Update, May 2007

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

School Leader Update, June 2007

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

School Leader Update, July 2007

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

School Leader Update, August 2007

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

School Leader Update, September 2007

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

School Leader Update, October 2007

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

School Leader Update, November 2007

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

A PRIMEIRA ELITE COLONIAL ATLÂNTICA Dos «homens honrados brancos» de Santiago à «nobreza da terra» (Finais do séc. XV – início do séc. XVII)

Na tese, que agora se apresenta, ocupamo-nos da formação e desenvolvimento da elite, que, desde o século XV até ao século XVII, evoluiu num processo em que se evidencia uma vincada mudança social. Durante o primeiro século da História do arquipélago, os “homens brancos honrados” de Santiago ocuparam a cimeira da sociedade da ilha. Estes homens, - brancos/reinóis, muitas vezes nobres, armadores, comerciantes e funcionários da administração central - formaram a primeira elite do arquipélago que estruturou a sociedade cabo-verdiana conforme os seus interesses económicos, as suas práticas culturais, políticas e ideológicas. Acontece que esta elite se organiza, se fortalece, e desaparece, não propriamente porque é desalojada numa ruptura abrupta, mas porque é substituída num processo pacífico. É este processo que consideramos específico da sociedade cabo-verdiana e procurámos esclarecer na tese apresentada. Os filhos ilegítimos mulatos dos “homens brancos honrados” serão devedores de seus progenitores e viriam a ocupar o lugar cimeiro na economia e no poder local santiaguense como membros da elite endógena cabo-verdiana, mas sem as facilidades que o comércio lucrativo com a Costa da Guiné propiciava. É essa herança que leva a que os homens dessa elite sejam conhecidos por “brancos da terra” e, não sendo nobres reinóis, façam parte do grupo restrito da “nobreza da terra”. É esta elite que vai evoluir até à Independência de Cabo Verde, sem grandes rupturas que a transforme de forma semelhante ao que sucedeu no período de que nos ocupamos. Daí a importância desta tese para o conhecimento da sociedade cabo-verdiana ao longo dos tempos.

Risk dominance selects the leader. An experimental analysis

Coordination games arise very often in studies of industrial organization and international trade. This type of games has multiple strict equilibria, and therefore the identification of testable predictions isvery difficult. We study a vertical product differentiation model with two asymmetric players choosing first qualities and then prices. This game has two equilibria for some parameter values. However, we apply the risk dominance criterion suggested by Harsanyi and Selten and show that it always selects the equilibrium where the leader is the firm having some initial advantage. We then perform an experimental analysis totest whether the risk dominance prediction is supported by the behaviour oflaboratory agents. We show that the probability that the risk dominance prediction is right depends crucially on the degree of asymmetry of the game. The stronger the asymmetries the higher the predictive power of the risk dominance criterion.

Low-replicating viruses and strong anti-viral immune response associated with prolonged disease control in a superinfected HIV-1 LTNP elite controller.

OBJECTIVE: To study the causes for the lack of clinical progression in a superinfected HIV-1 LTNP elite controller patient.¦METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We studied host genetic, virological and immunological factors associated with viral control in a SI long term non progressor elite controller (LTNP-EC). The individual contained both viruses and maintained undetectable viral loads for >20 years and he did not express any of the described host genetic polymorphisms associated with viral control. None of four full-length gp160 recombinants derived from the LTNP-EC replicated in heterologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CTL responses after SI were maintained in two samples separated by 9 years and they were higher in breadth and magnitude than responses seen in most of 250 treatment naïve patients and also 25 controller subjects. The LTNP-EC showed a neutralization response, against 4 of the 6 viruses analyzed, superior to other ECs.¦CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that a strong and sustained cellular and humoral immune response and low replicating viruses are associated with viral control in the superinfected LTNP-EC.

School Leader Update, February 2008

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

School Leader Update, March 2008

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

School Leader Update, April 2008

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education

School Leader Update, May 2008

Monthly newsletter produced by Iowa Department of Education