Contribuição à terapêutica do mal perfurante plantar: tratamento pela leprolina "Souza-Araujo" em injeções intra-ulcerosas

The writer, as medical director of Father Damien Leper Colony (Ubá, Minas Gerais, Brasil), treated 50 cases of perforating ulcers, from 2 to 40 years of duration, using the antigens prepared with acid-fast bacilli cultures obtained from leprous material by Dr. H. C. de Souza-Araujo. Dosage from 0,12 to 39,35 cm3, injected inside the ulcers, intramuscularly, every 2 to 4 days, accordingly to the patient reaction some of them presenting fever until 41° Centigrade. The result was cicatrization of the ulcers in 92% (46 out of 50) of the patients. The author concluded that the majority of his patients tolerate perfectly the medicine and that its efect was very eficient.

The spatial effect of intra-metropolitan agglomeration economies

This study deals with the role of spatial accessibility to agglomeration economies in the change in spatial structure of industrial employment for the case of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region of Barcelona (BMR). Using the growth in gross density of municipal employment between 1986 and 1996 for seven manufacturing industries as an indicator of changes in the spatial structure of employment, an exploration is made of the spatial impact of agglomeration economies operating on a local scale the municipality and three areas 5, 8 and 12 kilometres away surrounding the municipality itself - , agglomeration economies emerging from CBD and the main specialised subcentres in the region, and the network economies associated with the total jobs in the region, access to which depends on the distance from the main transport infrastructures

Sobre a variação intra-específica em Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille) e Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

A observação de oito exemplares de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) de procedência diversas, com vistas a procurar caracterizar as estruturas da genitália externa dos machos (processo do endosoma, suporte do falosoma, falosoma e visica) levou-nos a constatar a mesma variabilidade que a espécie demonstra em relação aos seus caracteres externos de colorido e relações da cabeça e do rosto. Por associação de idéias, ampliamos um estudo anterior sobre a genitália masculina de Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834), também espécie de larga distribuição geográfica, porém com caracteres externos estáveis. Encontramos assim mesmo, embora em percentagem pequena, que os espinhos do processo do endosoma, habitualmente em número reduzido, podiam não existir. Desta espécie observamos quinze exemplares, de procedências diversas.

Inter-group conflict and intra-group punishment in an experimental contest game

We study how conflict in a contest game is influenced by rival parties being groups and by group members being able to punish each other. Our main motivation stems from the analysis of socio-political conflict. The relevant theoretical prediction in our setting is that conflict expenditures are independent of group size and independent of whether punishment is available or not. We find, first, that our results contradict the independence of group-size prediction: conflict expenditures of groups are substantially larger than those of individuals, and both are substantially above equilibrium. Towards the end of the experiment material losses in groups are 257% of the predicted level. There is, however, substantial heterogeneity in the investment behaviour of individual group members. Second, allowing group members to punish each other after individual contributions to the contest effort are revealed leads to even larger conflict expenditures. Now material losses are 869% of the equilibrium level and there is much less heterogeneity in individual group members' investments. These results contrast strongly with those from public goods experiments where punishment enhances efficiency and leads to higher material payoffs.

The occurrence of intra-operative hypotension varies between hospitals: observational analysis of more than 147,000 anaesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Hypotension, a common intra-operative incident, bears an important potential for morbidity. It is most often manageable and sometimes preventable, which renders its study important. Therefore, we aimed at examining hospital variations in the occurrence of intra-operative hypotension and its predictors. As secondary endpoints, we determined to what extent hypotension relates to the risk of post-operative incidents and death. METHODS: We used the Anaesthesia Databank Switzerland, built on routinely and prospectively collected data on all anaesthesias in 21 hospitals. The three outcomes were assessed using multi-level logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among 147,573 anaesthesias, hypotension ranged from 0.6% to 5.2% in participating hospitals, and from 0.3% up to 12% in different surgical specialties. Most (73.4%) were minor single events. Age, ASA status, combined general and regional anaesthesia techniques, duration of surgery and hospitalization were significantly associated with hypotension. Although significantly associated, the emergency status of the surgery had a weaker effect. Hospitals' odds ratios for hypotension varied between 0.12 and 2.50 (P < or = 0.001), even after adjusting for patient and anaesthesia factors, and for type of surgery. At least one post-operative incident occurred in 9.7% of the procedures, including 0.03% deaths. Intra-operative hypotension was associated with a higher risk of post-operative incidents and death. CONCLUSION: Wide variations remain in the occurrence of hypotension among hospitals after adjustment for risk factors. Although differential reporting from hospitals may exist, variations in anaesthesia techniques and blood pressure maintenance may also have contributed. Intra-operative hypotension is associated with morbidities and sometimes death, and constant vigilance must thus be advocated.

The role of thymic accessory cells in cytokine production and in the intra-thymic T cell differentiation pathway

Intrathymic T lymphocyte differentiation proceeds from complex interactions between prothymocytes of bone marrow origin and cells of the thymic stroma, epithelial cells and "acessory" cells (macrophages and/or interdigitating cells). The present paper describes the role of the accessoty cell compartment in this intrathymic process. Acessory cells produce factors which are involved in thymocyte proliferation (interleukin 1, prostaglandins, deoxynucleosides). Cell-cell interaction between "accessory" cells and thymocytes is required for the regulation of interleukin production. Prothymocytes, the precursors of all thymocyte subsets, need the accessory cell compartment for their IL2 dependent proliferation and their differentiation. Accessory cells of the thymic stroma may be involved in the intrathymic selection process at the prothymocyte level.

Chimiothérapie intra-artérielle super-sélective dans l'artère ophtalmique en cas de rétinoblastome avancé chez l'enfant.

Objectifs: Etude prospective sur l'efficacité de la chimio-perfusion super-sélective avec Melphalan dans l'artère ophtalmique en tant qu'agent tumoricide chez l'enfantatteint de rétinoblastome avancé, pour éviter l'énucléation chirurgicale et/ou la radiothérapie externe. Matériels et méthodes: 19 enfants (âge moyen 25 mois) atteints de rétinoblastome de groupe D ont reçu 1 à 3 séances d'administration intra-artérielle de Melphalan (0,35 mg/kg) dans l'artère ophtalmique sous anesthésie générale. Au total 48 procédures ont été réalisées. Chaque séance était associée à une injection intra-vitréenne deMelphalan, ainsi qu'à une thermothérapie et/ou une cryothérapie. Résultats: Le traitement a été effectué avec succès chez 17/19 enfants avec une régression importante du volume tumoral. L'énucléation ainsi que la radiothérapie externeont pu être évitées dans 15/17 enfants, sur un suivi moyen d'une année. Aucune complication systémique ou thromboembolique n'a été observée. Lescomplications locales ont comporté 2 décollements de la rétine, 5 oedèmes conjonctivaux et palpébraux, 1 cas de pigmentation cutanée locale, 1 vasospasmetransitoire de l'artère carotide interne et 2 cas d'artériopathie occlusive choroïdienne sectorielle . Conclusion: L'administration intra-artérielle de Melphalan s'avère être très efficace dans les cas avancés de rétinoblastome chez l'enfant, aussi bien comme techniquecurative que pour éviter l'énucléation et/ou la radiothérapie externe.

Expérimentation et étude de la validité de nouvelles échelles de personnalité spécifiques à la relation intra-couple

Résumé : La présente étude vise à déterminer quels sont les facteurs permettant de valider de nouvelles échelles de personnalité spécifiques à la relation intra-couple construites sur la base de profils de personnalité en auto- et hétéro-évaluation. Pour ce faire, nous avons défini des critères sociologiques (par exemple âge, niveau socioprofessionnel, nombre de relations passées), des critères psychologiques (satisfaction conjugale) et des critères biologiques (distance génétique et préférence d'odeurs) afin de vérifier s'ils sont susceptibles de valider les six échelles de personnalité intra-couples inédites que nous avons construites dans le cadre de cette recherche de doctorat. Notre échantillon se compose de 106 couples mariés et de 60 jeunes couples non mariés, qui ont chacun complété le test de personnalité L.A. B. E. L. (F Gendre & R. Capel), l'Échelle d'Ajustement Dyadique (Spanier, 1976) ainsi qu'un test génétique pour une partie d'entre eux.

The intra-industry trade for a high-income country: new empirical evidence for Italy

This paper examines the determinants of Italian intra-industry trade in horizontally and vertically differentiated products, using a dataset which eliminates the effects linked to the hypothesis of homogeneity both between countries - when specific industry characteristics are analysed - and between sectors - within the same country. In this way, within limits, we have tried to address an issue raised by Greenaway et al. in 1999 which, in the light of the current state of the literature on intra-industry trade, does not seem to have been explicitly dealt with. Our paper highlights how strong the impact of this hypothesis could be in the analyses of the determinants of intraindustry trade in the case of Italy.

Intra-Group Competition and Inter-Group Conflict: An Application to Northern Ireland

This paper reviews four economic theories of leadership selection in conflictual settings. The first of these by Cukierman and Tomassi (1998) labeled the ‘information rationale’, argues that hawks may actually be necessary to initiate peace agreements. The second labeled the ‘bargaining rationale’ borrowing from Hamlin and Jennings (2007) agrees with the conventional wisdom that doves are more likely to secure peace, but post-conflict there are good reasons for hawks to be rationally selected. The third found in Jennings and Roelfsema (2008) is labeled the social psychological rationale. This captures the idea of a competition over which group can form the strongest identity, so can apply to group choices which do not impinge upon bargaining power. As in the bargaining rationale, dove selection can be predicted during conflict, but hawk selection post-conflict. Finally, the expressive rationale is discussed which predicts that regardless of the underlying structure of the game (informational, bargaining, psychological) the large group nature of decision-making by making individual decision makers non-decisive in determining the outcome of elections may cause them to make choices based primarily on emotions which may be invariant with the mode of group interaction, be it conflictual or peaceful. Finally, the paper analyses the extent to which the theories can throw light on Northern Ireland electoral history over the last 25 years.

Bionomia de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) em áreas da Mata Atlântica no município de Itaguaí, estado do Rio de janeiro, Brasil: I. Frequência intra, peri e extradomiciliar

Along 24 consecutive months, from January 1984 to December 1986, mosquito captures were performed in a rural area of said municipality. Aiming to evaluate the comparative frequency of the mosquito species inside houses and in the immediate vicinity and far from houses, the captures were made in two types of domiciles - one permanently and the other only sporadically inhabited - as well as in surrounding woods. Variations in temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were locally recorded. A tendency for domiciliation became evident by the presence of Aedes scapularis in the human domiciles, mainly in those permantely inhabited. Culex quinquefasciatus showed to be adapted to live with humans also in rural areas, in which, in some instances, insecticides had to be used to keep in under control. Such observations, mainly in terms of Ae. scapularis, reinforce the possibility of those mosquitoes, under favourable conditions, becoming carries of arboviroses to humans in rural environments.

Adjonction d'un anesthésique local intra-articulaire lors d'arthro-TDM/IRM : utilité et avantages de la Bupivacaïne.

Objectifs: Une phase hyperalgique dans les 4 heures post-examen arthrographique est maintenant reconnue dans la littérature. Comment s'en amender ? Nous comparonsl'absence d'anesthésique à l'adjonction de deux différents anesthésiques locaux intra-articulaires(rapidocaïne/bupivacaïne) lors d'arthro-TDM/IRM. Matériels et méthodes: Après approbation du comité d'éthique, étude prospective chez 150 patients répartis aléatoirement en trois groupes : 1) sans anesthésique intra-articulaire, 2)rapidocaïne 1%, 3) bupivacaïne 0,25%. Recueil du score EVA (0-10) aux 5 temps suivants : avant injection (score de base), puis 20 minutes, 4 heures, 24 heureset 7 jours après la procédure. Résultats: Le pic douloureux maximal se trouve à 4h après la procédure (idem littérature). La douleur augmente en moyenne de 1,60 unités 4h après la procédure pour legroupe 1, de 1,22 unités pour le groupe 2 et de 0,29 unités pour le groupe 3. La différence entre les groupes 1 et 3 est statistiquement significative (p=0,002 -Tests ANOVA et de Sidak). Elle n'est pas significative entre les groupes 1 et 2 (p=0,536). La comparaison rapidocaïne et bupivacaïne est moins concluante(p=0,065). Conclusion: L'adjonction de bupivacaïne intra-articulaire devrait être réalisée lors d'examens arthrographiques, surtout afin d'améliorer le confort du patient mais aussi pourfavoriser son immobilité lors de l'acquisition des images TDM ou IRM .

Impact du traitement par hormone de croissance sur la composition corporelle et le métabolisme osseux d'enfants nés avec un retard de croissance intra-utérin

Le retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU) est défini par une taille et un poids inférieurs au P10 pour l'âge gestationnel. Il est caractérisé, entre autre par une altération de la croissance foetale aboutissant à une résistance à l'hormone de croissance (HC). Bien que la majorité des sujets présente un certain rattrapage en taille, certains développent un retard de croissance ultérieur permanent. L'idée est donc née de traiter ces sujets par haute dose d'HC biosynthétique. La question des risques d'un tel traitement s'est posée en raison de l'effet diabétogène de l'HC et des modifications qu'elle peut induire sur la masse maigre, la masse grasse et la densité osseuse. Le but de l'étude a été d'évaluer l'impact sur la croissance et sur le volet métabolique. Dix enfants prépubères ayant présenté un RCIU sans croissance de rattrapage spontanée ont été traités par HC recombinante à des doses supra physiologiques (53-67 g/kg/jour). La taille, le poids, la taille assise ont été mesurés et des dosages d'IGF1, IGFBP3, glycémie et insuline ont été faits sur une base semestrielle alors qu'une densitométrie osseuse a été faite annuellement sur une période de 3 ans. Le gain en taille a été spectaculaire (+ 1.78 DS), correspondant à plus de 10 cm (p < 0.001). Sous traitement, l'insulinémie et le HOMA ont augmenté sans que ces augmentations soient significatives. La tolérance glucidique est restée dans la norme au prix d'une augmentation de la sécrétion d'insuline. La masse grasse a diminué alors que la masse maigre et la densité osseuse ont augmenté de façon significative. Ces résultats correspondent aux travaux d'autres groupes. Il reste à démontrer que l'hyperinsulinisme transitoire induit par l'HC n'ait pas d'effet néfaste à long terme et en particulier sur le risque de développer ou aggraver un syndrome métabolique à l'âge adulte.