Annual-layer thickness, d18O and sodium values on Akademii Nauk ice core (AD 900-1998) based on core chronology AN 2012

Understanding recent Arctic climate change requires detailed information on past changes, in particular on a regional scale. The extension of the depth-age relation of the Akademii Nauk (AN) ice core from Severnaya Zemlya (SZ) to the last 1100 yr provides new perspectives on past climate fluctuations in the Barents and Kara seas region. Here, we present the easternmost high-resolution ice-core climate proxy records (d18O and sodium) from the Arctic. Multi-annual AN d18O data as near-surface air-temperature proxies reveal major temperature changes over the last millennium, including the absolute minimum around 1800 and the unprecedented warming to a double-peak maximum in the early 20th century. The long-term cooling trend in d18O is related to a decline in summer insolation but also to the growth of the AN ice cap as indicated by decreasing sodium concentrations. Neither a pronounced Medieval Climate Anomaly nor a Little Ice Age are detectable in the AN d18O record. In contrast, there is evidence of several abrupt warming and cooling events, such as in the 15th and 16th centuries, partly accompanied by corresponding changes in sodium concentrations. These abrupt changes are assumed to be related to sea-ice cover variability in the Barents and Kara seas region, which might be caused by shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns. Our results indicate a significant impact of internal climate variability on Arctic climate change in the last millennium.

Number of living and dead foraminifers in the upprmost layer of bottom sediments from the Pacific shelf of South America and environmental characteristics

After death of benthic and planktic foraminifera their tests intensive dissolve in sediments of the upper sublittoral zone (depth 30-60 m) in the highest productivity area of surface water in the northern Peruvian region. Dissolution of fine pelitic ooze is more intensive than of sandy sediments. Rate of dissolution is lower in the lower sublittoral zone (60-200 m) than in the upper part of the zone. Within the upper bathyal zone (300-500 m) dissolution decreases and results to accumulation of carbonate test in this zone. Benthic tests are more abundant than planktic ones. Very poor species composition and a peculiar set of species are characteristic of foraminiferal assemblages found in the sublittoral and upper bathyal zones along the Peruvian coast.

Composite depth scales, ash layer correlations and splice tie points of ODP Site 186-1151

We present composite depth scales for the multiply cored intervals from Sites 1150 and 1151. These new depth scales place coeval strata recovered in cores from different holes at a single site into a common stratigraphic framework. At Site 1150, double coring between Holes 1150A and 1150B occurred over only a short interval between ~703 and 713 meters below seafloor (mbsf), but this is sufficient to tie the upper portion of the stratigraphic section cored in Hole 1150A to the lower portion cored in Hole 1150B. The upper ~100 m of the sedimentary section at Site 1151 was double cored with the advanced piston corer and partially cored with the rotary core barrel, resulting in the complete recovery of this interval. The composite depth scales were constructed using Splicer software to vertically adjust the relative depths of various cores from one hole to the depths from another hole so as to align distinct physical properties measured on cores. The magnetic susceptibility data was the physical property most easily correlated between holes, and therefore primarily used to create a composite depth scale and spliced stratigraphic section. The spliced section is a continuous stratigraphic section constructed from representative cored intervals from the holes at a site. Both the splice and the composite depth scale can be applied to other data sets from Site 1151 to provide a stratigraphically continuous and laterally consistent basis for interpreting lithologic features or data sets. The resulting composite scale showed a 30% improvement in correlation of the magnetic susceptibility data relative to the original mbsf depth scale, and comparable improvement when applied to the other data sets.

Self-consistent resonance absorption with two layer profile steepening

Resonance absorption of p-polarized light, incident at angle 6 on a flowing, stratified plasma, is analyzed; profile steepening within (i) a layer around the turning point, and (ii) a thinner,embedded sublayer at the critical surface is taken into account self-consistently. The entire steepened region is taken as collisionless and isothermal. The structure of the main layer shows a variety of regimes, depending on how the flow crosses a sonic point. The structure of the sublayer is also determined; it is entirely subsonic (with no wave breaking) for a well-defined,broad parameter range. Density changes across both layer and sublayer, and fractional absorption, are given in terms of [(wavelength)2 Xintensity/temperature], and (temperature/mec2). The flow outside the double structure is also analyzed for particular conditions.

Development of One Meter Long Double-Sided CeO2 Buffered Ni-5at.W Templates by Reel-to-Reel Chemical Solution Deposition Route

High performance long-length coated conductors fabricated using various techniques have attracted a lot of interest recently. In this work, a reel-to-reel design for depositing double-sided coatings on long-length flexible metallic tapes via a chemical solution method is proposed and realized. The major achievement of the design is to combine the dip coating and drying processes in order to overcome the technical difficulties of dealing with the wet films on both sides of the tape. We report the successful application of the design to fabricate a one-meter-long double side coated CeO2/Ni-5at%W template. The CeO2 films on both sides exhibit a dense, crack-free morphology, and a high fraction of cube texture on the surface. Homogeneity studies on global texture over the length also reveal that the average full width at half maximum values of the in-plane and out-of-plane orientation on the CeO2 layer are 7.2 ° and 5.8° with standard deviation of 0.26° and 0.34°, respectively, being indicative of the high quality epitaxial growth of the films prepared in the continuous manner. An all chemical solution derived YBCOLow-TFA/Ce0.9La0.1O2 /Gd2Zr2O7/CeO2 structure is obtained on a short sample, demonstrating the possibility of producing long-length texture templates for coated conductors by this low cost deposition route.