877 resultados para Distributed Control Problems


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There has been an increasing interest in applying biological principles to the design and control of robots. Unlike industrial robots that are programmed to execute a rather limited number of tasks, the new generation of bio-inspired robots is expected to display a wide range of behaviours in unpredictable environments, as well as to interact safely and smoothly with human co-workers. In this article, we put forward some of the properties that will characterize these new robots: soft materials, flexible and stretchable sensors, modular and efficient actuators, self-organization and distributed control. We introduce a number of design principles; in particular, we try to comprehend the novel design space that now includes soft materials and requires a completely different way of thinking about control. We also introduce a recent case study of developing a complex humanoid robot, discuss the lessons learned and speculate about future challenges and perspectives.

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布式监测系统(DCS)在许多领域具有重要的应用价值.针对目前分布式监测系统造价高、运行不稳定等问题,该文提出了一种解决方案--基于多种通讯链路的分布式转发基站监测系统.该文详细介绍了阐述了该监测控制系统的工作原理,并对监测控制系统的结构(包括软件的结构和硬件系统的结构)进行了具体地说明,然后详细描述了监控系统软件、硬件以及通讯协议的设计与实现;文章最后,对基于该系统的一个成功应用--无线寻呼基站无人测控系统的实现作了介绍.无线寻呼基站运行实践中所表现出的低成本、高性能的特点进一步验证了该方案的可实施性.

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目前多数容错调度算法在调度非周期任务时采用预留时间的方法,非周期任务无法得到充分响应.针对该问题,提出一种新的分布式控制系统容错调度算法,采用任务集划分的方法在不同处理机上运行不同的周期任务子集,使每个处理机具有不同的非周期任务预留时间,当非周期任务发生时,即可得到有效响应.结果表明,该方法能提高容错调度的效率.

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This paper introduced a real-time vacuum monitor system based on multilayer Web architecture for HIRFL-CSR(Heavy Ion Research Facility of Lanzhou & Cooler Storage Ring) project in Lanzhou.It combined with COM/DCOM to develop the application layer,and developed the web layer with ActiveX and Ajax technology.It provided a facility and efficiency method for real-time control.The application shows that this system runs stably and accurately.中文文摘:简要介绍了国家"九五"重大科学工程——兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)真空监控系统的总体结构,分析了在Web构架下,基于分布式内存数据库的多层真空监控系统的实现方法。采用分布式内存数据库,解决了基于Web构架的分布式实时应用环境下对系统和网络资源的消耗问题。在软件控制方面采用了统一调度,既简化了软件实现过程,又提高了系统的安全性、高效性和易维护性。该系统已成功运行。

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本文的日的是研究和解决HIRFL-CSR工程的分布式控制问题。论文在对分布式控制系统关键技术进行研究的基础上,提出了由RFL-CSR分布式控制系统的控制结构,研究了分布式实时系统设计和分布式井行算法,讨沦了嵌入式系统在HIRFL-CSR尺分布式控制系统中的应用,并对当前分布式控制系统中的关键技术进行了研究,给出了HIRFL-CSR从分布式控制系统的一个局部应用实例。论文分为七章,第一章为引言,对HIRFL-CSR工程和分布式控制系统进行了介绍,司时对课题的背景和意义进行了说明。第二章首先介绍了分布式控制系统的雄本思想和基于以太网和Internet的分布式控制系统。第三章介绍了RFL-CS尺分布式实时系统的设计。第四章介绍了分布式并行算法,提出了几个分布式并行算法的模型,并进行了分析和沦证。第五章介绍了嵌入式系统的葵本概念,在分析比较了当前主流嵌入式操作系统的基础上,介绍了嵌入式软件系统在HIRFL-CSR分布式控制系统中的移植和应用。第六章首先介绍了HIRFL-CSR尺分布式控制系统的软件实现,包括系统的层次结构,主要功能模块,以及软件实现中的卞要技术。给出了HIRFL-CSR分布式控制系统的一个局部应用实例。第七章是结束语,首先对HIRFL-CSR分布式控制系统进行了总结,分析了论文的不足和需要进一步研究的问题。整个论文实现了对HIRFL-CSR分布式控制系统的理论研究和设计,对HIRFL-CSR工程的分布式控制和现代工业控制系统的设计具有一定的指导作用。

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本文设计了研磨抛光机器人分布式控制系统中的一种运动控制器,并对运动控制器基于AT91M40800微控制器的硬件结构、基于μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统的软件模块和采用的参数模糊自整定PID机器人关节位置控制策略进行了详细介绍。实验表明该控制器可以大大降低研磨抛光机器人的位置跟踪误差。提高了关节控制的计算及处理能力,易于扩展和维护。

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在未来的深空探测任务中迫切需要采样任务的机器人化。为突破这一关键的技术,我们研制了一台六自由度的机器人化月表采样器原理样机,为其选择合理的控制方式并搭建了一套基于CAN总线的分布式控制系统。本文将详细介绍该机器人化月表采样器的工作原理及其控制系统的基本结构,并将阐述在操作采样器执行采样任务时采用的控制方式。最后搭建试验平台进行采样试验,验证采样器和控制系统的基本功能及其有效性。

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运动目标跟踪技术是未知环境下移动机器人研究领域的一个重要研究方向。该文提出了一种基于主动视觉和超声信息的移动机器人运动目标跟踪设计方法,利用一台SONY EV-D31彩色摄像机、自主研制的摄像机控制模块、图像采集与处理单元等构建了主动视觉系统。移动机器人采用了基于行为的分布式控制体系结构,利用主动视觉锁定运动目标,通过超声系统感知外部环境信息,能在未知的、动态的、非结构化复杂环境中可靠地跟踪运动目标。实验表明机器人具有较高的鲁棒性,运动目标跟踪系统运行可靠。

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本文提出了一种适用于新型可重构星球机器人的模块化控制系统,根据机构和运动特性,基于CAN总线和分布式控制器技术,将系统结构和功能分解成不同模块由各自的控制器独立执行,建立具有任务层和运动层的分层次控制结构,实现了组合式规划、分布式控制的混合式控制方法。本文设计了两种不同的控制器,并采用PPG脉冲宽度调节方法实现了对在机器人上使用的R/C电机的标定和控制。通过在子机器人原理样机上进行实验,验证了这套控制系统和控制体系结构的可行性。

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根据仿人机器人控制性能的要求,设计开发了关节控制器,并通过CAN总线把各个关节控制器、力传感器及上位机连接在一起,构成了分布式控制系统.利用无线局域网技术,实现了语音、视频等多媒体信息的传输,把监控台、头部、上身和移动平台连接在一起,构成了仿人机器人完整的控制系统.最后提出了一些设想以提高系统的性能.

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针对仿人机器人的结构和控制性能的要求,设计开发了机器人的关节控制器,并利用CAN总线把各个关节和力传感器及上位机连接在一起,构成了有效可靠的分布式控制系统;利用无线局域网技术,实现了语音、视频等多媒体信息的传输,构成了仿人机器人完整的控制系统。最后提出了一些设想以提高系统的性能。

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Recent work in sensor databases has focused extensively on distributed query problems, notably distributed computation of aggregates. Existing methods for computing aggregates broadcast queries to all sensors and use in-network aggregation of responses to minimize messaging costs. In this work, we focus on uniform random sampling across nodes, which can serve both as an alternative building block for aggregation and as an integral component of many other useful randomized algorithms. Prior to our work, the best existing proposals for uniform random sampling of sensors involve contacting all nodes in the network. We propose a practical method which is only approximately uniform, but contacts a number of sensors proportional to the diameter of the network instead of its size. The approximation achieved is tunably close to exact uniform sampling, and only relies on well-known existing primitives, namely geographic routing, distributed computation of Voronoi regions and von Neumann's rejection method. Ultimately, our sampling algorithm has the same worst-case asymptotic cost as routing a point-to-point message, and thus it is asymptotically optimal among request/reply-based sampling methods. We provide experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of our algorithm on both synthetic and real sensor topologies.

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The paper considers an on-line single machine scheduling problem where the goal is to minimize the makespan. The jobs are partitioned into families and a setup is performed every time the machine starts processing a batch of jobs of the same family. The scheduler is aware of the number of families and knows the setup time of each family, although information about a job only becomes available when that job is released. We give a lower bound on the competitive ratio of any on-line algorithm. Moreover, for the case of two families, we provide an algorithm with a competitive ratio that achieves this lower bound. As the number of families increases, the lower bound approaches 2, and we give a simple algorithm with a competitive ratio of 2.

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Neste trabalho prova-se a existência de minimizantes relaxados em problemas de controlo óptimo não convexos usando técnicas de compactificação. Faz-se a extensão do exemplo de Manià a dimensão dois, obtendo-se uma classe de problemas variacionais em 2D que apresentam Fenómeno de Lavrentiev. Prova-se que o fenómeno persiste a certas perturbações, obtendo- -se assim uma classe de funcionais cujos Lagrangianos são coercivos e convexos em relação ao gradiente. Adicionalmente, apresentam-se exemplos de problemas do cálculo das variações com diferentes condições de fronteira, e em diferentes tipos de domínios (incluindo domínios com fronteira fractal), que exibem Fenómeno de Lavrentiev.