Efeito da intervenção em esteira motorizada na aquisição da marcha independente e desenvolvimento motor em bebês de risco para atraso desenvolvimental

OBJETIVO: Examinar o efeito de intervenção em esteira motorizada na idade de aquisição da marcha independente em bebês de risco para atraso de desenvolvimento. MÉTODOS: Estudo experimental com 15 lactentes a partir do 5º mês de idade, sendo cinco deles com risco de atraso de desenvolvimento submetidos a sessões de fisioterapia e intervenção em esteira motorizada (Grupo Experimental); cinco com risco de atraso de desenvolvimento submetidos apenas a sessões de fisioterapia (Grupo Controle de Risco); e cinco bebês sem risco de atraso (Grupo Controle Típico). As sessões de fisioterapia ocorreram duas vezes por semana, seguidas de intervenção em esteira motorizada para o grupo experimental. Todos os bebês foram avaliados mensalmente pela Alberta Infant Motor Scale e os participantes do grupo experimental foram filmados durante a realização das passadas na esteira. Comparações entre os grupos ao longo do tempo foram realizadas por análise de variância (ANOVA) e de multivariância (MANOVA). RESULTADOS: Os bebês do Grupo Experimental adquiriram a marcha independente aos 12,8 meses e os do Grupo Controle de Risco aos 13,8 meses de idade corrigida, sendo que a aquisição do Grupo Controle de Risco ocorreu mais tarde em relação ao Grupo Controle Típico (1,1 meses; p<0,05). Os bebês do grupo experimental apresentaram padrão alternado das passadas na esteira, que aumentou ao longo da intervenção (p<0,05), e mostraram melhora do desenvolvimento motor global em relação aos bebês do Grupo Controle de Risco. CONCLUSÕES: A esteira pode ser considerada um agente facilitador para a aquisição do andar independente e do desenvolvimento motor global de bebês com risco de atraso de desenvolvimento.

Avaliação do efeito das concentrações de sacarose e dos estádios de desenvolvimento do fruto no cultivo in vitro de embriões de frutos de cafeeiro

A cultura in vitro é uma técnica controlada que proporciona estudar os processos nutricionais, fisiológicos e bioquímicos de embriões em vários estádios de desenvolvimento. O objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre estádio de desenvolvimento do fruto e concentração de sacarose, no meio, durante o desenvolvimento, in vitro, de embriões de cafeeiro. Frutos de Coffea arabica cv. Acaiá foram colhidos, lavados, desinfestados, seus embriões excisados e inoculados em meio de cultivo MS, com pH ajustado para 5,8. Os tratamentos consistiram em combinação de concentrações de sacarose (0, 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 g L-1) e estádios de desenvolvimento do fruto (chumbinho, chumbo, verde, verde-cana, cereja e passa). Após a inoculação, os embriões foram incubados em sala de crescimento, a 27 ± 1 ºC, fotoperíodo de 16 horas e 35 µ mol m-2 s-1 de intensidade luminosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 x 6, com seis repetições constituídas por quatro tubos cada. Após 60 dias de desenvolvimento, as plântulas foram avaliadas com base no comprimento da parte aérea, massa de matéria fresca total da parte aérea e das raízes. Observaram-se influências das concentrações de sacarose e dos estádios de desenvolvimento do fruto no crescimento e desenvolvimento das plântulas. Resultados satisfatórios para todas as variáveis estudadas foram obtidos com embriões excisados no estádio verde, inoculados em meio de cultivo suplementado com 51 a 70 g L-1 de sacarose.

Avaliação do efeito antiparasitário do omeprazol na prevenção do desenvolvimento de lesões cutâneas em hamsters infectados por Leishmania brasiliensis

FUNDAMENTOS: A leishmaniose tegumentar americana permanece doença endêmica em diversas regiões brasileiras. A sobrevivência do parasita no interior dos macrófagos se deve, em parte, pela atividade de uma K+/H+-ATPase de membrana que pode ser inibida pelo omeprazol. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia do omeprazol na prevenção do desenvolvimento de lesões de leishmaniose em hamsters. MÉTODOS: Empregaram-se 18 hamsters, divididos em três grupos: o grupo L recebeu apenas a inoculação de L. brasiliensis na pata anterior direita, o grupo O recebeu apenas doses diárias de 0,4mg de omeprazol subcutâneo, e o grupo L+O recebeu o inóculo de leishmanias e o tratamento com omeprazol desde o dia da inoculação. O estudo foi conduzido por 42 dias, realizaram-se medidas dos diâmetros das patas semanalmente, e, ao final do estudo, foram realizados esfregaços das lesões para verificação dos parasitas. RESULTADOS: Os hamsters dos grupos L e L+O desenvolveram lesões de leishmaniose tegumentar havendo ulceração em duas patas do grupo L e uma do grupo L+O. Ao final do estudo, a mobilidade e vitalidade no grupo L foram menores que em L+O, e estas menores que no grupo O. Os diâmetros das patas inoculadas nos grupos L e L+O foram significativamente maiores que no início do estudo (p<0.05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os diâmetros das patas dos grupos L e L+O ao final do estudo (p0,05), sendo detectados parasitas no esfregaço das lesões dos dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Omeprazol, no protocolo utilizado, não evitou o desenvolvimento de lesões de leishmaniose tegumentar em hamsters.

Estádio de Desenvolvimento do Milho. 1. Efeito sobre a Produção, Composição da Planta e Qualidade da Silagem

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of maturity on the production, stalk/leaf/ear relationship, chemical composition, and quality of corn silage (Zen mays, L.). Four harvests were made from the early milk (23.49% DM) to the semi-hard dough stage. (30.70%DM). After these evaluations, the corn was ensiled in 200 liter metal drums. After six months of storage, the quality of the silages was determined. The corn dry matter production was higher at the dough and semi-hard dough stages (9866 and 9896 t/ha, respectively) than in the early milk stage (7460 t/ha). The ears with the maturity showed a increase in dry matter (20.93 to 43.51%), acid detergent fiber decrease (32.46 to 18.62%), and maintainance of the crude protein content (average = 8.27%). The stalks and leaves decreased from 33.31 to 27.18% and from 34.17 to 23.66%, respectively, while the ears increased from 32.52 to 49.16% from the early milk to the semi-hard dough stages. All experimental silages attained good quality, independent of corn development stages. The corn can be ensiled from the early milk and soft dough stages without a decrease in silage quality, but the restricting factor under those conditions was a lower dry matter content (24.35 and 28.65%, respectively).

Estádio de Desenvolvimento do Milho. 2. Efeito sobre o Consumo e a Digestibilidade da Silagem em Ovinos

Corn plants were ensiled at the milk, milk-early dough, medium dough, and semi-hard dough stages. The intake and digestibility trials showed that: a) silage DM and NFE contents increased and ADF, cellulose, and lignin contents decreased with plant maturity; b) corn plant maturity had little effect on the digestibility of the silages, but the milk and medium dough stages produced the best results; c) no consistent effect of maturity was observed in DM and CP daily intakes (mean values 41.86 and 26.77/g/kg(75), respectively). Nevertheless, daily digestible dry matter and digestible protein intakes (g/kg(75)) were higher with medium-dough grains (31.74 and 1.97g, respectively) than with the milk (23.27 and 1.45g, respectively) and the milk-early dough stages (22.60 and 1.28g, respectively). However, similar intakes were observed with the medium-dough and semi-hard dough stages. Total digestible nutrient contents of the silages were affected little by corn plant maturity. Nevertheless, statistical differences were Found between the medium dough (70.09%) and the milk-early dough stages (63.07%).

Efeito da porosidade do substrato casca de pínus no desenvolvimento de mudas de grumixameira

Aiming to evaluate the effect of the pine bark substrate porosity on the development of the grumixama plant (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.), an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/USP, Piracicaba, Brazil. The treatments were: 100% ground pine bark without separation of particles; 100% pine bark of <= 0,1mm; 75% pine bark of <= 0,1mm + 25% between 0,1-4,0 mm; 50% of pine bark <= 0,1mm + 50% between 0,1-4,0 mm; 25% pine bark of <= 0,1mm + 75% between 0,1-4,0 mm and 100% pine bark of 0,1-4,0 mm. The evaluations (stem diameter, length and average dry weight of seedlings) were performed on the 90, 120 and 150(th) days after sowing. The low water absorption in the early stages and the low aeration of the roots promoted by the substrate, affect the development of the grumixama plant seedlings, that grow best when the total pore space of the substrate is less than 90% (v / v).

Desenvolvimento in vitro de copo-de-leite: efeito das concentrações de sacarose e de ácido giberélico

Calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) is appreciated as cut flower and for the composition of gardens. However, many pathogens affect this species. By the traditional method of propagation, some units of new seedlings can only be produced annually. Tissue culture allows fast large-scale clonal propagation and provides healthy uniform plants. During the in vitro process, type and concentration of growth regulator could affect the growth of seedlings. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine sucrose and GA(3) concentrations to increase the efficiency of the in vitro multiplication of calla lily. After 60 days, the length of the above ground part and the roots, the number of sprouts, roots and leaves, above ground part and root fresh weight of seedlings were evaluated. The experimental design was entirely randomized with four replications. It was necessary the addition of 60.5 g L-1 sucrose associated to 5 mg L-1 GA(3) to obtain hight sprouts number. For higher length of the above ground part the addition of 45.3 g L-1 sucrose and 10 mg L-1 GA(3) was enough. Better results in the root length and number of roots were observed only in the sucrose presence, in concentrations in the range of 51.13 - 56.5 g L-1.

Estudo do peso e da idade gestacional de recem-nascidos e dos fatores que interferem no desenvolvimento fetal: nivel socio-economico, fatores maternos, fetais e placentarios

The present study was undertaken to determine the importance of socioeconomic factors (family income), urban or rural family location, parity, maternal age, the presence of maternal and fetal pathologies as well as placental abnormalities on the weight and gestational age of 566 newborns. The highest incidence of newborns with low birth weight for gestational age was significantly more frequent in urban populations when the mothers were from low socio-economic levels. In mothers from low socioeconomic levels infants with low birth weight for gestational age were seen in greater proportion among primaparas and had a tendency to be higher in mothers aged less than 20 years; prematurity was highest in mothers ≥ 30 years old and significantly higher from the 8th gestation on. Maternal and fetal pathologies emphasized these characteristics and placental pathologies were not correlated with the distribution of weight and length of gestation. In mothers of high socioeconomic levels age and parity were not correlated with weight and gestational age of the newborns.

Efeito da ciclofosfamida sobre o desenvolvimento de germe dental do incisivo do camundongo.

Thirty six female mice were injected on the 12th day of the gestational period with 0.2 ml of distilled water (control group) or of an acqueous solution containing either 30 mg/Kg or 50 mg/Kg of body weight of cyclophosphamide (treated group). The animal were killed at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after the injection and 3 days after birth. It was verified that cyclophosphamide interferes on the tooth germ development and that this effect is in directly ratio of the doses used.

Efeito da ciclofosfamida sobre o desenvolvimento de germes dentais de molares transplantados para a câmara anterior do olho de camundongos.

Mice foetus were killed between 13 and 16 days of the gestational period and their molar tooth germs grafted into the anterior chamber of the eye. The hosts were injected either with 6.25 mg/Kg or with 125 mg/Kg of cyclophosphamide and killed 15 days later. The cyclophosphamide irreversibly, interferes on tooth germ development causing either its total degeneration or an alteration on its morphology forming hypodeveloped tooth germs; its action is directly proportional to the foetus age and to the dose used; it does not induce the formation of osteodentin while some predentin partial cell inclusion may occur.

Efeito de diferentes espaçamentos e densidades de semeadura sobre o desenvolvimento do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da temperatura sobre o desenvolvimento de Scymnus (Pullus) argentinicus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

The biology of Scymnus (Pullus) argentinicus Weise on Schizaphis graminum at the temperatures 20, 25 and 30°C was studied. The temperatures of 25 and 30°C were favorable to S. (Pullus) argentinicus development. The average of the incubation period was 3.24 days and the larval development was 8.43 days at 25°C. The duration of the instars and pre-pupal and pupal periods was significantly shorter at 25 and 30°C. The percentage of emerging adults was higher at 30°C (98%) while at 20°C this percentual was 82%.

Desenvolvimento micelial de Lentinula edodes como efeito da profundidade e suplementação do substrato

The objective of the present study was to assess the rate of mycelium development of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler as an effect of depth and supplementation of the sugar cane bagasse substrate with different amounts of rice bran and sugar cane molasses. The experimental design consisted in a 7 × 2 factorial scheme (seven levels of bran or molasses x two growth phases) using autoclavable glass flasks to keep the substrates. The proportions of rice bran tested were: 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40% (dry weight/bagasse dry weight), and the concentrations of sugar cane molasses were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g/kg substrate. Graph paper strips externally slicked to the flask were used to measure the mycelial development. To differentiate the growth as a function of depth, the mycelial development was divided into two phases: an initial one (upper half of the flask) and a final one (lower half). The rate of mycelium formation was always higher in the early growth than in the final phase regardless of the amount of supplement. High bran proportions reduced the rate of mycelium formation, especially during the final phase, and sugar cane molasses did not affect growth rate.

Efeito da restrição alimentar inicial e da temperatura ambiente sobre o desenvolvimento de vísceras e ganho compensatório em frangos de corte

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito alelopático de extratos de parte aérea de barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville] na germinação e desenvolvimento da plântula de pepino

Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (barbatimão), belonging to Mimosaceae family; it is used as ornamental and the wood is used in civil buildings, edification in wet places, lathe and joinery jobs, being very used also in home-made medicine against hemorrhage, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, conjunctivitis, injury cleaning, uterus hemorrhage, ulcerous hurt and excessive oily skin. The objective of this research was to determine the allelopathic potential of an aqueous extract, boiled or not of S. adstringens (Mart.) Coville, in the Cucumis sativus germination and initial development. Thus, the aqueous vegetable extract was extracted from the shoot, which was triturated in 1L of distilled water to 100g of leaf, being the extract filtrated and separated in boiled and not boiled. The treatments used were distilled water (0%) and boiled and not boiled extracts, in the concentrations of 50 and 100%. The cucumber seeds were put to germinate in Gerbox, having filter paper as substrate, which was wet with 25mL from different treatments, in constant temperature of 25°C. The reading germination was accomplished in breaks of 24 hours, for a period of five consequently days after the beginning of the experiment, considering germinated the seeds that showed 2mm of root, approximately. To dry matter determination, the seedlings with five days after the germination were separated in shoot and root, dried during three days to a constant weight in a 60°C forced draft oven. Through results, it can be concluded that the extract of S. adstringens affected more the Cucumis sativus seedling development than the germination, and it didn't show difference if boiled or not.