Padrões ontogenéticos das Esterases, Leucina Aminopeptidase e X-Glicerofosfato Desidrogenase em Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) Albitarsis lynch-arribálzaga, 1878 (Diptera: Culicidae)

Modificações na expressão gênica foram observadas nos sistemas esterase, leucina aminopeptidase e x-glicerofosfato desidrogenase, durante o desenvolvimento ontogenético de Anopheles albitarsis. A esterase revelou quatro regiões de atividade, sendo a esterase 1 detectada apenas em larvas de 4º estádio velhas e em pupas, as esterases 2 e 4 foram presentes durante todo o desenvolvimento, e a esterase 3 revelou-se praticamente apenas em larvas e raríssimas vezes em pupas. Também foram observadas quatro regiões de atividade na leucina aminopeptidase, durante a ontogenia. As LAP1 c LAP2 foram características de larvas, a LAP3 esteve presente somente em pupas e adultos e a LAP4 foi detectada nos três diferentes estágios. Uma única região foi observada para a x-glicerofosfato desidrogenase e a intensidade de sua atividade cresce à medida que se aproxima o estágio adulto.

A survey of the Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Acre And Purus Rivers, Amazon Basin, Brazil

From January 19 to February 25, 1997 an entomological survey of the seringais and larger towns along the Acre and Purus rivers was made as part of the project “Revisitando a Amazônia de Carlos Chagas; da Borracha a Biodiversidad”. Eleven anopheline species and 1285 specimens were collected landing on human baits. The four most abundant species were Anopheles albitarsis s.l. (n=778), A. darlingi (n=359), A. rangeli (n=69) and A. oswaldoi (n=60). A total of 252 larvae were collected of which 10 anopheline species were identified. The most abundant species collected were A. albitarsis s.l. (n=88), A. deaneorum (n=45) and A. triannulatus (n=40). The low numbers of Anopheles collected and the absence of the principal malaria vector A. darlingi at the seringais sites suggests that they arc not high risk malarious areas. Other Diptera collected were Culex sp., Mansonia titillans, Mansonia pseudotitillans, Psorophora ciliata, Psorophora sp., Coquillettidia (Rhynchotaenia) sp., Simulium amazonicum and S. sanguineum.

Culicidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira: Querari

Foram coletados adultos e imaturos de Culicidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) em Querari, Município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Estado do Amazonas. Brasil. Os adultos foram capturados utilizando armadilhas (CDC e Malaise) e com puçá (varredura). Os imaturos foram coletados em poças de água (no solo e em pedras) e nas axilas de bromélias epífitas e terrestres. Apresenta-se uma lista das espécies da família Culicidae, incluindo 42 novos registros de distribuição para a região. As espécies encontradas pertencem aos gêneros Ochlerotatus, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Haemagogus, Johnbelkinia, Limatus, Psorophora, Sabethes, Trichoprosopon, Uranotaenia e Wyeomyia.

Structure of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) population in areas with different degrees of human settlement: Cantá - Roraima - Brazil

Malaria has still been one of the most important endemic diseases in the Amazonian region. This study presents the impact of human settlements on the structure of Anopheles population. Diversity, abundance, richness and distribution of the genus Anopheles were observed in two areas with different levels of human settlement in the Cantá city, Roraima State, Northern Brazil. The influence of the dry and rainy seasons on mosquito populations was also observed. Mosquito captures were performed between 6:00 and 10:00 pm during the dry (February and November) and rainy (May and August) seasons at four different sites of each area. Among the 11 species of Anopheles identified through the adults' characteristics, An. albitarsis s.l. (45.5%) and An. darlingi (19.2%) were the most abundant in the more intensively anthropized area while An. triannulatus (19.2%) was more common in the less modified area. Other species found were An. nuneztovari (10.9%), An. oswaldoi (2.0%), An. evansae (1.7%), An. brasiliensis (0.6%), An. intermedius (0.3%), An. mediopunctatus (0.5%), An. periassui (0.08%) and An. argyritarsis (0.04%). The highest mosquitoes' population density was observed in May and the lowest one was observed in February and November. These results demonstrate the existence of a high diversity of anophelines in the study areas, showing that anthropic changes in the environment and climate variability affect both the population density and relative abundance of these vectors.

Primeiro registro de Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) em Roraima, Brasil

Aedes albopictus é registrado pela primeira vez no estado de Roraima, Brasil. Entre junho de 2006 e maio de 2007 foram coletadas três pupas e dez larvas, duas das quais chegaram à fase adulta, durante atividades de vigilância rotineiras em três bairros urbanos da cidade de Boa Vista. Embora essa espécie não seja incriminada como vetor primário do dengue, a sua presença pode favorecer a ligação entre os ciclos silvestre e urbano da febre amarela e de outras arboviroses no Brasil.

Variabilidade genética em populações de Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) e relação ao comportamento da atividade de picar, analisada por RAPD

Duas populações naturais de Anopheles darlingi foram analisadas quanto aos padrões de variabilidade genética relacionados ao comportamento hematofágico, cujas coletas foram realizadas no intra, peri e extradomicíio, em dois municípios do Estado do Amazonas: Coari e Manaus. Os resultados evidenciaram amplo número de fragmentos polimórficos, bem como elevada variabilidade genética nessas populações. Na população de Coari, a porcentagem de locos polimórficos (P) e heterozigosidade (He) variou de 77,63% - 84,86% e 0,2851 0,3069, respectivamente, sendo a maior variabilidade genética detectada nas subpopulações do intradomicílio, e a menor nas do peridomicílio. A população de Manaus mostrou variabilidade genética similar a de Coari (P= 75% - 78,94% e He= 0,2732 0,2741), onde também foi detectada maior variabilidade genética no intradomicílio. Os dados de qui-quadrado (x²= 695,89; GL= 304; P < 0,001) e de F ST (F ST= 0,0775 ± 0,0072) foram significativos, indicando uma estruturação micro geográfica, decorrente de alguma redução no fluxo gênico. Esses resultados podem ser interpretados como sendo em resposta à pressão de seleção face aos inseticidas, que permanecem residuais nas paredes dos domicílios.

Bionomía y taxonomía de Culicidae</i> (Diptera)

Existe una necesidad nacional y mundial de revisar aspectos taxonómicos de Culicidae</i>. Se propone continuar con su revisión taxonómica, especialmente de las especies de Culex del centro de la Argentina, describiendo y/o redescribiendo estados inmaduros y adultos. Es muy importante conocer todos los aspectos de la biología de especies plaga y/o vectores como Aedes albifasciatus. Para ello se propone conocer aspectos de la biología invernal tales como detectar si esta especie sobrevive en invierno sólo en estado de huevo, o puede hacerlo también como adulto, estudiando variaciones en la densidad de hembras, supervivencia, patrón de alimentación, edad fisiológica, actividad gonadotrófica, tasa de eclosión, densidad, supervivencia y tiempo de desarrollo de estados inmaduros, durante el otoño-invierno de Córdoba.

Microhabitats de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) em internódios de taquara na Mata Atlântica, Paraná, Brasil

During two consecutive years, from January 1985 to December 1986, a comparative study of mosquitoes preferences for breeding habitat was carried out in the Atlantic Forest of the Serra do Mar, Paraná State, Brazil. To achieve it, 1875 bamboo internodes aligned vertically in live green, bamboo plants Merostachys speciosa Munro and Merostachys sp. were used, in which metabolic water was exuded from the plant itself, and presenting different size/pattern holes at their lateral walls, bored by the local sylvan fauna. Another group of 1200 individual internode traps was used as comparative element, carved out with a transversal cut by a saw, filled with local stream water and held in branches at different heights in the vegetal strata nearby. At both microhabitat types, a total of 17 culicid species was registered. Culex (Microculex) neglectus Lutz, 1904, Cx. (Carrollia) soperi Antunes & Lane, 1937, Sabethes (Sabethes) batesi Lane & Cerqueira, 1942 and Sa. (Sabethinus) melanonymphe (Dyar, 1924)colonized exclusively live plant internodes, while Culex (Microculex) elongatus Rozeboom & Lane, 1950, Cx. (Carrollia) iridescens (Lutz, 1905), Cx. (Carrollia) kompi Valencia,1973and Trichoprosopon (Trichoprosopon) soaresi Dyar & Knab, 1907 bred only in internode traps. The remaining nine species colonized both habitats indistinctly. Quantitatively, was detected the abundance of 60.1% at live green internodes, against 39.9% for internode traps. Concerning the different patterns of bored live internode holes, 40.3% of the total computed specimens were collected in square or rectangular holes, 31.9% in two hole internodes, one minute circular, the other wider, and the remaining 28.8% of specimens distributed in other pattern type internodes. The mosquitoes breeding at these microhabitats fall in the culicid entomofauna specialized at locating and detecting peculiar and propitious mesogen conditions for breeding purposes.

Influência do ciclo lunar na captura de Aedes scapularis (Diptera, Culicidae) na Mata Atlântica do Paraná

From October 1995 to January 1996 Aedes (Ochlerotatus) scapularis (Rondani, 1948) was studied in a small area of the Atlantic Forest, Serra do Marumbi, Morretes, Paraná, Brazil. Adults were captured with Shannon light traps for 48 nights, representing 12 nights for seven time intervals. Traps were operated from dusk to dawn. The influences on flight activity of the lunar phase, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall were analyzed. Ae. scapularis had a flight behaviour different in each of the four lunar phases. In relation to flight period, the species showed higher activity during the first three lunar intervals. Among the climatic variables, temperature and relative humidity positively influenced flight activity during the night.

Imaturos de mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae) de áreas urbana e rural no norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

The results of larval collections of mosquitoes from artificial containers and natural breeding at urban and rural areas carried out at Sertaneja, northern State Paraná, Brazil, from February to April, 1995, are presented. Among the 4534 immature forms collected, belonging to 21 species or species-groups, the species with higher density were Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 and Limatus durhami Theobald, 1901.

Evaluación de palaemonetes argentinus (Decapoda, Natantia) en el control biológico de larvas de Culex pipiens (Diptera, Culicidae) en condiciones de laboratorio

The predator-prey relationship of Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili, 1901 and Culex pipiens s.l. larvae was studied under laboratory conditions. The prawns were separated in two groups, isolated and grouped ones. Mosquitoe larvae were offered to prawns in two forms, limited and unlimited offer to both groups. In the first analysis, values of predation did not differ significantly between males and females of P. argentinus. Predation in 24 h was 14,9 ± 4,2 larvae/prawn. A reduction of predation was observed with unlimited offer for the same hour, during all the experiment. Predation with unlimited offer was higher on the first day than on the second, but returned to high values on the third day, for both groups. In the grouped experiment, predation with limited offer was total on the first days, decreasing to the last day. As a result, P. argentinus was considered an efficient predator of C. pipiens s.l. larvae under laboratory conditions.

Culicídeos associados a entrenós de bambu e bromélias, com ênfase em Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae) na Mata Atlântica, Paraná, Brasil

Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) larvae were recorded for the first time in the internodes of bamboo cuts found in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Paraná, Brazil. The bamboo, Bambusa sp., was introduced in the area of Imbucuí-Mirim town, across the municipal district of Paranaguá and towards the interior of the Atlantic Forest. A total of 251 larvae of Aedes albopictus (37.9%), Culex (Microculex) spp. (13.9%), Limatus durhami Theobald, 1901 (39.8%), Toxorhynchites sp. (0.4%) and Wyeomyia spp. (8.0%) were collected from bamboo internodes filled with rain and from the terrestrial Bromeliaceae and epiphytas found near the bamboo bushes. Aedes albopictus was found in bamboo internodes containing 30 to 254 ml of rain, sometimes coexisting with Li. durhami. Borders of forest ecosystems should be characterized as risk areas for arbovirosis transmission, since they sustain the circulation of vertebrates and arthropodal hematophagus, not only in the wild but also in the anthropic areas.

Exigências térmicas de Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae) em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The thermal requeriments of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) and the number of generations in the year are determined. The colony to obtain eggs, larvae, pupae and adults was established under laboratory conditions. Every stage was maintained at constant temperature (15, 20, 25 and 30ºC), in cameras, with relative humidity of 80% ± 5 and photophase of 12 hours, to settle down the thermal inferior limit and the thermal constant by the method of the hiperbole. The thermal inferior limit to phase of egg, larvae and pupa were respectively 10.0, 9.1 and 10.2ºC, and 10.2ºC to all the aquatic cycle, with a thermal constant of 207.2 degree-day, with the mean of 15.5 generations per year in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul.

Bromeliad-associated mosquitoes from Atlantic forest in Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil (Diptera, Culicidae), with new records for the State of Santa Catarina

Bromeliad-associated mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Atlantic Forest in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, were studied, examining plants of Vriesea philippocoburgi Wawra and Aechmea lindenii (E. Morren) Baker var. lindenii at secondary Atlantic rain forest, and A. lindenii and Vriesea friburgensis Mez var. paludosa (L. B. Smith) at "restinga" per month, during 12 months. No immature forms of mosquitoes were collected from A. lindenii in the secondary forest. Collections obtained 368 immature mosquitoes, none of them from A. lindenii from rain forest. Culex (Microculex) spp. constituted 79.8% of the total, Wyeomyia (Phoniomyia) spp. 17.93%, and Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii (Dyar & Knab, 1908) only 1.36%. The study shows the great predominance of species of medical importance not yet proved, and the small number of immature stages of anopheline mosquitoes. The rainfall, but not the mean temperatures, significantly influenced the quantity of mosquitoes from V. philippocoburgi. Significant differences between the quantities of immature forms of all the bromeliad species were found, and the shape of the plants could be important to the abundance of mosquitoes. All six species of Cx. (Microculex) found are recorded for the first time in the State of Santa Catarina, and all six species of Wyeomyia (Phoniomyia) are recorded for the first time in bromeliads in this state.

Efeitos da temperatura no ciclo de vida, exigências térmicas e estimativas do número de gerações anuais de Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura sobre o ciclo de vida de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), determinar as exigências térmicas para o desenvolvimento e estimar o número de gerações anuais do inseto em campo. O ciclo de vida das populações de A. aegypti foi estudado nas temperaturas de 18, 22, 26, 28, 32 e 34 ± 2ºC e fotofase de 12 horas, determinando-se ainda os limites térmicos inferiores de desenvolvimento (Tb) e as constantes térmicas (K) e estimado o número de gerações anuais do inseto em laboratório e em campo. A temperatura favorável ao desenvolvimento de A. aegypti encontra-se entre 22ºC e 32ºC, e para a longevidade e fecundidade dos adultos entre 22ºC e 28ºC. As Tb, K de ovo a adulto, e o número de gerações anuais em campo foram de 11,33; 8,99 e 13,61ºC, 192,3; 213,2 e 116,5 graus-dias, e 23; 24,6 e 30,3 gerações para as populações de A. aegypti de Boqueirão (07º29'27''S, 36º08'09''W), Campina Grande (07º13'32''S, 35º54'15''W) e Remígio (06º58'1''S, 35º47'29''W), respectivamente.