Le Vétéran. Bulletin de la Société nationale de retraites Les vétérans des armées de terre et de mer, 1870-1871. Fondée à Paris le 1er janvier 1893

1922/08 (A25,N7)-1922/09.

Le Vétéran. Bulletin de la Société nationale de retraites Les vétérans des armées de terre et de mer, 1870-1871. Fondée à Paris le 1er janvier 1893

1922/04 (A25,N4).

Le Vétéran. Bulletin de la Société nationale de retraites Les vétérans des armées de terre et de mer, 1870-1871. Fondée à Paris le 1er janvier 1893

1922/05 (A25,N5).

Le Vétéran. Bulletin de la Société nationale de retraites Les vétérans des armées de terre et de mer, 1870-1871. Fondée à Paris le 1er janvier 1893

1922/03 (A25,N3).

Le Vétéran. Bulletin de la Société nationale de retraites Les vétérans des armées de terre et de mer, 1870-1871. Fondée à Paris le 1er janvier 1893

1922/02 (A25,N2).

Le Vétéran. Bulletin de la Société nationale de retraites Les vétérans des armées de terre et de mer, 1870-1871. Fondée à Paris le 1er janvier 1893

1922/01 (A25,N1).

Composite Photographs - William Woodruff and his children

The composite includes photos of: Richard Woodruff (1822-1887) brother of Samuel Woodruff, son of William Woodruff. He married Cornelia McCrumb. His son-in- law was Samuel Zimmerman of the bank. Richard was a director of the Niagara Suspension Bridge. Joseph Woodruff (1820-1886) son of William Woodruff. He married Julia Claus. He was the Sherriff of Lincoln County and one of the incorporators of the Zimmerman Bank. Samuel DeVeaux Woodruff (1819-1904) who was the son of William Woodruff. He married Jane Caroline Sanderson (1827-1912) William Woodruff (1793-1860) who was the son of Ezekiel Woodruff who was born on July 29, 1763 and moved to the Niagara area from Litchfield Connecticut. He died in Niagara on Nov. 26, 1836. Henry Counter Woodruff (1833-1916) was the 7th child of William Woodruff. He married Emma Eloise Osgood (1835-1925) Dr. William Woodruff (1830-1908) of London, Ont. was the son of William Woodruff. Helena Woodruff (1828-1892) was the daughter of William Woodruff. She married Joseph Patterson Boomer. Julia Woodruff (1825-1870) was the sister of Samuel DeVeaux Woodruff and the daughter of William Woodruff.

Indenture between Owen Clifford and Margaret Clifford to John Charles Rykert and William B. Gilleland

Indenture of mortgage deed between Owen Clifford and Margaret Clifford of the Township of Grantham to John Charles Rykert and William B. Gilleland of St. Catharines regarding parts of Lots no. 10 and 11 in the 9th Concession of the Township of Grantham. Registered in the Township of Grantham Register on September 15, 1870 - instrument no. 804 and registered in the Township of Grantham Register of February 8, 1872 - instrument no. 1104, September 15, 1870.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Mr. Tisdale stating that William B. Hunter will only pay $60 for shooting for this year

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Mr. Tisdale stating that William B. Hunter will only pay $60 for shooting for this year. He asks if Mr. Woodruff will accept this. There is a reply at the bottom of the letter in which [S.D. Woodruff] replies that he will not accept $60, but $100 will be acceptable, Sept. 7, 1870.

William Gaddis's aesthetics of recognitions

William Gaddis’s The Recognitions (1955) is a selfreflexive novel that portrays Wyatt Gwyon’s trajectory from childhood to maturity, as he rejects and searches for originality. The present work bestows an analysis of William Gaddis’s The Recognitions focusing on the problematization of originality and authorship proposed by the novel by means of the central issues of forgery and plagiarism, which bring with them two larger and more important sister-notions: authorship and originality. The novel questions the prevailing demand for originality and discusses the possibility of being original. It formulates an aesthetics of recognitions defended in the novel and used by the author in the making of this text. In order to do that, this work provides a view on the different concepts associated with the terms originality and original, as well as some of the main infringements related to them in contemporary society. It also offers an account of the development of the concepts of originality and authorship in Western society, showing the growing importance of the figure of the author and the parallel development of the concepts of plagiarism and copyright. The next three chapters are dedicated to attempt to provide an account of William Gaddis’s The Recognitions focusing on the main artist characters and an analysis of the novel in the light of the theoretical and historical background provided. The first of these chapters focuses on Wyatt’s trajectory and his visions of art. The second identifies and analyses Wyatt’s mirrors in the narrative, which reinforce the self-reflective structure of the novel. And the third chapter exemplifies and analyses Wyatt’s aesthetics of recognitions, which turns out to be Gaddis’s own aesthetics in the making of his fiction.

A maçonaria e a campanha abolicionista no Pará:1870-1888

O tema de pesquisa proposto se constitui em uma proposta inovadora, na medida em que, dentre os grupos e associações que participaram dessa luta, a Maçonaria talvez seja a menos estudada e pesquisada e, assim, com este estudo, pretendemos demonstrar que as lojas maçônicas, como outras associações, acompanhavam as mudanças que se processavam social e politicamente no país, estabelecendo uma nova cultura política que envolvia diferentes sujeitos que se encontravam na vanguarda do processo abolicionista, pugnando pela mudança das relações de produção no país. Este trabalho evoca a luta pela emancipação dos escravos defendida pelos maçons do Pará, bem como a análise do posicionamento da Maçonaria em relação ao regime imperial, como as questões básicas desta pesquisa, possibilitando redimensionar esse tema, procurando investigar as estratégias sociais desenvolvidas por esses sujeitos, através da atuação das lojas maçônicas e de alguns maçons importantes como Lauro Sodré, demonstrando seus posicionamentos políticos e suas formas de atuação. A pesquisa de jornais da época mostrou que de 1870 em diante foram fundadas associações que geralmente se aproveitavam de festas públicas para promover debates em favor da liberdade dos escravos. A metodologia trabalhada consistiu basicamente de consulta aos jornais da época e documentação de registro das lojas maçônicas, que são referenciadas ao longo deste trabalho. No período proposto, o jornal foi o principal meio de comunicação da sociedade, sendo muito utilizado por letrados e políticos que passaram a utilizar suas páginas para criticar o regime escravocrata em crise, rotulando-o de atrasado e incompatível com a modernização em curso no país.

O final de uma guerra e suas questões logísticas: o conde D'Eu na Guerra do Paraguai (1869-1870)

Este livro, de Braz Batista Vas, discorre sobre a logística montada pelas forças militares terrestres brasileiras para suprir as demandas do período final do maior conflito bélico já ocorrido na América do Sul. Enfoca os últimos dois anos da Guerra do Paraguai, de fins de 1868 a 1870, após a saída de Duque de Caxias e a transferência do comando para o conde d'Eu, que o manteria até o encerramento da campanha. Vas procura compreender e explicar a estrutura militar organizada pelo Império para o conflito, deflagrado no fim de 1864 e travado em território paraguaio a partir de 1866 sob condições extremamente desgastantes. Além de discutir o comando militar do conde d'Eu, que era casado com a princesa Isabel e membro influente da corte, o autor analisa a ação diplomática e por vezes até militar de José Maria Paranhos, futuro visconde do Rio Branco, assim como a interação entre os dois homens diante dos entraves logísticos enfrentados pelo Brasil para dar fim à guerra. A obra mostra que esses entraves afetaram ora a intensidade e as estratégias da ação militar, ora a ação diplomática brasileira com reflexos profundos na dinâmica política daquele período.

Bioremediation of PAHs - Limitations and soultions

Introduction 1.1 Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the environment Worldwide industrial and agricultural developments have released a large number of natural and synthetic hazardous compounds into the environment due to careless waste disposal, illegal waste dumping and accidental spills. As a result, there are numerous sites in the world that require cleanup of soils and groundwater. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major groups of these contaminants (Da Silva et al., 2003). PAHs constitute a diverse class of organic compounds consisting of two or more aromatic rings with various structural configurations (Prabhu and Phale, 2003). Being a derivative of benzene, PAHs are thermodynamically stable. In addition, these chemicals tend to adhere to particle surfaces, such as soils, because of their low water solubility and strong hydrophobicity, and this results in greater persistence under natural conditions. This persistence coupled with their potential carcinogenicity makes PAHs problematic environmental contaminants (Cerniglia, 1992; Sutherland, 1992). PAHs are widely found in high concentrations at many industrial sites, particularly those associated with petroleum, gas production and wood preserving industries (Wilson and Jones, 1993). 1.2 Remediation technologies Conventional techniques used for the remediation of soil polluted with organic contaminants include excavation of the contaminated soil and disposal to a landfill or capping - containment - of the contaminated areas of a site. These methods have some drawbacks. The first method simply moves the contamination elsewhere and may create significant risks in the excavation, handling and transport of hazardous material. Additionally, it is very difficult and increasingly expensive to find new landfill sites for the final disposal of the material. The cap and containment method is only an interim solution since the contamination remains on site, requiring monitoring and maintenance of the isolation barriers long into the future, with all the associated costs and potential liability. A better approach than these traditional methods is to completely destroy the pollutants, if possible, or transform them into harmless substances. Some technologies that have been used are high-temperature incineration and various types of chemical decomposition (for example, base-catalyzed dechlorination, UV oxidation). However, these methods have significant disadvantages, principally their technological complexity, high cost , and the lack of public acceptance. Bioremediation, on the contrast, is a promising option for the complete removal and destruction of contaminants. 1.3 Bioremediation of PAH contaminated soil & groundwater Bioremediation is the use of living organisms, primarily microorganisms, to degrade or detoxify hazardous wastes into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, water and cell biomass Most PAHs are biodegradable unter natural conditions (Da Silva et al., 2003; Meysami and Baheri, 2003) and bioremediation for cleanup of PAH wastes has been extensively studied at both laboratory and commercial levels- It has been implemented at a number of contaminated sites, including the cleanup of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska in 1989, the Mega Borg spill off the Texas coast in 1990 and the Burgan Oil Field, Kuwait in 1994 (Purwaningsih, 2002). Different strategies for PAH bioremediation, such as in situ , ex situ or on site bioremediation were developed in recent years. In situ bioremediation is a technique that is applied to soil and groundwater at the site without removing the contaminated soil or groundwater, based on the provision of optimum conditions for microbiological contaminant breakdown.. Ex situ bioremediation of PAHs, on the other hand, is a technique applied to soil and groundwater which has been removed from the site via excavation (soil) or pumping (water). Hazardous contaminants are converted in controlled bioreactors into harmless compounds in an efficient manner. 1.4 Bioavailability of PAH in the subsurface Frequently, PAH contamination in the environment is occurs as contaminants that are sorbed onto soilparticles rather than in phase (NAPL, non aqueous phase liquids). It is known that the biodegradation rate of most PAHs sorbed onto soil is far lower than rates measured in solution cultures of microorganisms with pure solid pollutants (Alexander and Scow, 1989; Hamaker, 1972). It is generally believed that only that fraction of PAHs dissolved in the solution can be metabolized by microorganisms in soil. The amount of contaminant that can be readily taken up and degraded by microorganisms is defined as bioavailability (Bosma et al., 1997; Maier, 2000). Two phenomena have been suggested to cause the low bioavailability of PAHs in soil (Danielsson, 2000). The first one is strong adsorption of the contaminants to the soil constituents which then leads to very slow release rates of contaminants to the aqueous phase. Sorption is often well correlated with soil organic matter content (Means, 1980) and significantly reduces biodegradation (Manilal and Alexander, 1991). The second phenomenon is slow mass transfer of pollutants, such as pore diffusion in the soil aggregates or diffusion in the organic matter in the soil. The complex set of these physical, chemical and biological processes is schematically illustrated in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, biodegradation processes are taking place in the soil solution while diffusion processes occur in the narrow pores in and between soil aggregates (Danielsson, 2000). Seemingly contradictory studies can be found in the literature that indicate the rate and final extent of metabolism may be either lower or higher for sorbed PAHs by soil than those for pure PAHs (Van Loosdrecht et al., 1990). These contrasting results demonstrate that the bioavailability of organic contaminants sorbed onto soil is far from being well understood. Besides bioavailability, there are several other factors influencing the rate and extent of biodegradation of PAHs in soil including microbial population characteristics, physical and chemical properties of PAHs and environmental factors (temperature, moisture, pH, degree of contamination). Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing possible rate-limiting processes during bioremediation of hydrophobic organic contaminants in a contaminated soil-water system (not to scale) (Danielsson, 2000). 1.5 Increasing the bioavailability of PAH in soil Attempts to improve the biodegradation of PAHs in soil by increasing their bioavailability include the use of surfactants , solvents or solubility enhancers.. However, introduction of synthetic surfactant may result in the addition of one more pollutant. (Wang and Brusseau, 1993).A study conducted by Mulder et al. showed that the introduction of hydropropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPCD), a well-known PAH solubility enhancer, significantly increased the solubilization of PAHs although it did not improve the biodegradation rate of PAHs (Mulder et al., 1998), indicating that further research is required in order to develop a feasible and efficient remediation method. Enhancing the extent of PAHs mass transfer from the soil phase to the liquid might prove an efficient and environmentally low-risk alternative way of addressing the problem of slow PAH biodegradation in soil.

Shakers : compendium of the origin, history, princicples, rules and regulations, government, and doctrines of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing : with biographies of Ann Lee, William Lee, Jas. Whittaker, J. Hocknell, J. Meacham, and Lucy Wright

by F. W. Evans

William Gillies Whittaker, Brustbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11277