Gender differences in attitudes among those at risk for Huntington's disease

This report presents and discusses selected findings regarding gender differences from an Australian-based study that investigated attitudes of individuals at risk for Huntington's disease (HD) towards genetic risk and predictive testing. Clear gender differences emerged regarding perceived coping capacity with regard to predictive testing, as well as disclosure of the genetic risk for HD to others. Female participants were more likely to disclose their genetic risk to others, including their medical practitioners, while male participants were three times more fearful of disclosing their genetic risk to others. These findings are of interest in light of gender differences that have consistently been reported regarding the uptake of predictive testing for HD, other genetic conditions, and health services more generally. While gender differences cannot provide a fully explanatory framework for differential uptake of predictive genetic testing, men and women may experience and respond differently to the genetic risk for HD and possibly other inherited disorders. The meanings of genetic risk to men and women warrants further exploration, given anticipated increases in genetic testing for more common conditions, especially if post-test interventions are possible. These issues are also relevant within the context of individuals' concerns about the potential for discrimination on the basis of genetic risk or genetic test information.

Predictive genetic test decisions for Huntington's disease: Elucidating the test/no-test dichotomy

Predictive genetic testing for serious, mature-onset genetic illness represents a unique context in health decision making. This article presents findings from an exploratory qualitative Australian-based study into the decision making of individuals at risk for Huntington's disease (HD) with regard to predictive genetic testing. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with a range of at-risk individuals. Data analysis revealed four discrete decision-making positions rather than a 'to test' or not to test' dichotomy. A conceptual dimension of (non-)openness and (non-)engagement characterized the various decisions. Processes of decision making and a concept of 'test readiness' were identified. Findings from this research, while not generalizable, are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and stage models of health decision making, as well as possible clinical implications.

A comparison of picture description abilities in individuals with vascular subcortical lesions and Huntington's Disease

The lexical-semantic and syntactic abilities of a group of individuals with chronic nonthalamic subcortical (NS) lesions following stroke (n = 6) were investigated using the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) picture description task [Kertesz, A. (1982). The Western aphasia battery. New York: Grune and Stratton] and compared with those of a group of subjects with Huntington's Disease (HD) (n = 6) and a nonneurologically impaired control group (n = 6) matched for age, sex, and educational level. The performance of the NS and HD subjects did not differ significantly from the well controls on measures of lexical-semantic abilities. NS and HD subjects provided as much information about the target picture as control subjects, but produced fewer action information units. Analysis of syntactic abilities revealed that the HD subjects produced significantly more grammatical errors than both the NS and control subjects and that the NS group performed in a similar manner to control subjects. These findings are considered in terms of current theories of subcortical language function Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the reader will obtain information about the debate surrounding the role of subcortical language mechanisms and be provided with new information on the comparative picture description abilities of individuals with known vascular and degenerative subcortical pathologies and healthy control participants. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Wearable sensors in Huntington disease:a pilot study

Background: The Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) is the principal means of assessing motor impairment in Huntington disease but is subjective and generally limited to in-clinic assessments. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and ability of wearable sensors to measure motor impairment in individuals with Huntington disease in the clinic and at home. Methods: Participants with Huntington disease and controls were asked to wear five accelerometer-based sensors attached to the chest and each limb for standardized, in-clinic assessments and for one day at home. A secondchest sensor was worn for six additional days at home. Gait measures were compared between controls, participants with Huntington disease, and participants with Huntington disease grouped by UHDRS total motor score using Cohen’s d values. Results: Fifteen individuals with Huntington disease and five controls completed the study. Sensor data were successfully captured from 18 of the 20 participants at home. In the clinic, the standard deviation of step time (timebetween consecutive steps) was increased in Huntington disease (p<0.0001; Cohen’s d=2.61) compared to controls. At home with additional observations, significant differences were observed in seven additional gait measures. The gait of individuals with higher total motor scores (50 or more) differed significantly from those with lower total motor scores (below 50) on multiple measures at home. Conclusions: In this pilot study, the use of wearable sensors in clinic and at home was feasible and demonstrated gait differences between controls, participants with Huntington disease, and participants with Huntington diseasegrouped by motor impairment.

Metabolic signatures of Huntington's disease (HD): 1H NMR analysis of the polar metabolome in post mortem human brain

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 5-10 persons per 100,000 worldwide. The pathophysiology of HD is not fully understood but the age of onset is known to be highly dependent on the number of CAG triplet repeats in the huntingtin gene. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy this study biochemically profiled 39 brain metabolites in post-mortem striatum (n=14) and frontal lobe (n=14) from HD sufferers and controls (n=28). Striatum metabolites were more perturbed with 15 significantly affected in HD cases, compared with only 4 in frontal lobe (P<0.05; q<0.3). The metabolite which changed most overall was urea which decreased 3.25-fold in striatum (P<0.01). Four metabolites were consistently affected in both brain regions. These included the neurotransmitter precursors tyrosine and L-phenylalanine which were significantly depleted by 1.55-1.58-fold and 1.48-1.54-fold in striatum and frontal lobe, respectively (P=0.02-0.03). They also included L-leucine which was reduced 1.54-1.69-fold (P=0.04-0.09) and myo-inositol which was increased 1.26-1.37-fold (P<0.01). Logistic regression analyses performed with MetaboAnalyst demonstrated that data obtained from striatum produced models which were profoundly more sensitive and specific than those produced from frontal lobe. The brain metabolite changes uncovered in this first 1H NMR investigation of human HD offer new insights into the disease pathophysiology. Further investigations of striatal metabolite disturbances are clearly warranted.

Las artes marciales son un modo de vida. Disciplina corporal, moralidad y trabajo entre los practicantes de Taekwondo y Gumdo en Geoje-Do, Corea del Sur. En: LaRivada, V. 3, nº 4

La tesis de Gonzalo Ariel Millán titulada “Las artes marciales son un modo de vida”. Disciplina corporal, moralidad y trabajo entre los practicantes de Taekwondo y Gumdo en Geoje-Do, Corea del Sur” busca dar cuenta de la producción de un tipo particular de cuerpo y experiencia sensorial como es la de los practicantes de dichas artes marciales. Aplicando la técnica de observación participante, Millán se somete al proceso de socialización propio de estas disciplinas marciales captando sus particularidades así como aquellos elementos que las artes marciales coreanas tienen en común con la estructura social y la historia del pueblo coreano.

Embolisation of Vertebral Artery Damaged Following Cervical Disc Removal

Introduction: The incidence of vertebral artery (VA) injury during cervical spine surgery is rare. Even though tamponade is effective in many cases, early consultation of an endovascular team is recommended if bleeding cannot be controlled. We report a case of emergent endovascular embolisation of left VA due to iatrogenic injury during anterior cervical disc removal and fusion. Case: A 47-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency department with serious arterial bleeding from the neck only hours after undergoing anterior cervical disc removal and fusion surgery. She was intubated and mechanically ventilated, however hemorrhage could not be successfully controlled by packing with surgical hemostatic agents. Cranial computed tomography, computed tomography of the cervical spine and CT angiography confirmed the suspected diagnosis of injury to the VA. Emergent endovascular embolisation successfully stopped the bleeding. Occlusion of the vessel was achieved by vascular plugging. The patient was discharged from our hospital 14 days after the intervention, receiving a revision surgery of the cervical spine on the day of embolisation. At the date of discharge she presented without any focal neurological deficit. Conclusion: Pre-operative radiographic imaging of the cervical spine should be used routinely to identify anatomic abnormalities of the vertebral arteries. Endovascular embolisation appears to be effective in treating acute iatrogenic dissection of the vertebral arteries.

Las funciones de la diplomacia de los veteranos de Corea del Sur: el caso de Colombia (2008-2013)

Las relaciones diplomáticas entre Corea del Sur y Colombia se establecieron en el año 1962. A lo largo del desarrollo de sus relaciones existe un fenómeno muy notorio. La relación entre ambas partes permaneció durante décadas en un nivel de cooperación pasiva y de bajo perfil. Sin embargo, a partir del año 2006 comienza a profundizarse el grado de cooperación. A partir de ese año, empieza a aumentarse el volumen del comercio, evolucionando de manera activa la cooperación económica entre ambos países. Luego, hacia el año 2008, se consolida la cooperación entre ambos países no solamente en materia de comercio, sino que también se diversifica hacia la diplomacia, la cultura, la industria de defensa, el intercambio de funcionarios, etc. profundizando el nivel de cooperación hasta alcanzar el mejor momento en la historia en las relaciones entre ambos países. La cantidad de empresas surcoreanas instaladas en Colombia se ha multiplicado 6 veces en menos de 6 años. Ambos países firmaron un TLC en febrero del año 2013, cooperando activamente en sectores de altas barreras de ingreso como la industria de defensa. También hubo un intercambio activo de funcionarios incluyendo las mutuas visitas de los presidentes. ¿Cuáles serían las razones por las que las relaciones entre ambos países han evolucionado de manera profunda a partir de 2006/08? Se podrían destacar entre otras causas, la mejora en el ambiente de apertura en Colombia, que ha hecho que muchos países, al igual de Corea del Sur, tengan mayores incentivos y analicen las posibilidades de invertir allí. Durante mucho tiempo, Colombia ha sido un país marcado por la inseguridad, por sus guerras civiles y por la presencia del narcotráfico, atravesando por un cambio a partir de que el Presidente Uribe toma el poder en el año 2002. Las fuerzas guerrilleras perdieron fuerza, la seguridad ha ido mejorando y la economía comenzó a crecer. A partir de que el Presidente Uribe logra ser reelegido e inicia su segundo mandato en 2006, las empresas extranjeras comienzan a ingresar de manera activa en Colombia. También el gobierno colombiano mantiene una política económica abierta, y especialmente selecciona la región asiática como nuevo punto focal para la cooperación y el fortalecimiento de sus relaciones...

La articulación productiva como elemento clave para el desarrollo económico: la experiencia de España, Corea del Sur y México frente al proceso de internacionalización de la producción, 1980-2000

La articulación productiva, como una característica esencial de la estructura económica, es un tema poco analizado por la teoría económica. Por lo tanto, esta tesis pretende incorporarla en el análisis económico de manera explícita, para estudiar los efectos que tienen sobre las características de las estructuras económicas la actual forma de organización de la producción y el comercio a nivel mundial. La investigación analiza las repercusiones de la producción fragmentada sobre las características de las estructuras económicas y los posibles efectos para el desarrollo económico. Se estudian tres países – Corea del Sur, España y México –, caracterizados por una fuerte integración internacional. Con el fin de evaluar el desempeño económico bajo modelos de desarrollo disímiles, se comparan el año de 1980 con al primer decenio del 2000, con el empleo de tablas input-output (TIO)...

Percepção Dos riscos na gravidez em mulheres em idade fértil e nas grávidas na UBS São Francisco em Coreaú CE

A gravidez é o período durante o qual toda mulher na idade fértil tem um feto no seu corpo e vai desde a concepção até o parto; baseado em isto se realizou um estudo descritivo, onde analisei o conhecimento e percepção dos riscos das grávidas de nossa UBS Dr. Raimundo Gomes, com a identificação das adolescentes e as maiores de 35 anos; que pertencem ao grupo que tem maiores riscos durante a gestação, tais quais riscos maternos e riscos fetais; e fizemos uma analise da literatura sobre o tema. Serão entrevistadas as setenta grávidas que tivemos durante os oito primeiros meses do ano e analisados seus prontuários; os dados obtidos servirão para criar um plano de intervenção que nos permita que toda mulher na idade fértil conheça as características da gravidez, saiba identificar seus riscos antes e durante a gestação, e a sua vez lograr a melhoria na atenção primaria à saúde, especificamente na atenção pré-natal em nosso posto e no município com o trabalho de todos os integrantes da equipe de saúde.

Gravidez na adolescência, suas causas e implicações: uma proposta de intervenção baseada na educação em saúde dos adolescentes na UBS Vereador Felizardo Parente de Aguiar, no município Coreaú-CE

A gravidez é o período durante o qual toda mulher na idade fértil contém um feto em seu corpo (na cavidade uterina) e vai desde a concepção até o parto. Baseado nisto, pretendo realizar um estudo descritivo da gravidez em um grupo de risco que é a adolescência para que assim, diante de ações de educação em saúde, possa diminuir a gravidez neste grupo de risco e as implicações que isto traz para o bebê e a futura mãe. O objetivo é produzir uma análise científica sobre este grupo de jovens da UBS no munícipio Coreaú onde atuamos. Com este projeto informamos os efeitos da gravidez nesta etapa da vida; a responsabilidade de ter uma família e suas implicações. No primeiro momento, os estudos demostram que o problema da gravidez na vida das adolescentes gera consequências como a interrupção dos estudos, tomando como alternativa a participação cedo no mercado laboral. Outro aspecto é que os autores concordam que a gravidez precoce pode provocar um aumento das complicações obstétricas e neonatais, como a mortalidade materna, a prematuridade, a mortalidade neonatal e o baixo peso ao nascer dos recém-nascidos. Pode-se dizer que a gravidez na adolescência é um fenômeno complexo no qual deve existir interação da família, da escola e do governo para que se possa exercer a maternidade responsável.

Use of advance information in patients with schizophrenia

To document possible motor disturbance in schizophrenia, we examined the ability to use advance information (or cues) to plan movements in a sequential button pressing task in 12 Clozapine medicated patients. Programming of movements under various cues revealed that patients with schizophrenia, relative to controls, initiated movements slower to the right than left, providing possible evidence for right hemineglect (left hemisphere dysfunction). Additionally, patients with schizophrenia had difficulty in the initiation of movements in the absence of a cue, suggesting internal cue generation difficulty for movement related to some form of fronto-striatal disturbance. Motor abnormalities were predominantly observed at the level of movement initiation, but not execution, contrary to basal ganglia disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease.

Circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: correlation with mood, cognition and motor function

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most widely distributed neurotrophin in the CNS, where it plays several pivotal roles in synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. As a consequence, BDNF has become a key target in the physiopathology of several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Recent studies have consistently reported altered levels of BDNF in the circulation (i.e., serum or plasma) of patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer`s disease, Huntington`s disease and Parkinson`s disease. Correlations between serum BDNF levels and affective, cognitive and motor symptoms have also been described. BDNF appears to be an unspecific biomarker of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by neurodegenerative changes.

Separating the quantum sidebands of an optical field

In this paper we investigate the quantum optics of a double-ended optical cavity. We show that an impedance matched, far-detuned cavity can be used to separate the positive and negative sidebands of a field. The 'missing' sideband will be replaced by the equivalent sideband incident on the cavity from the other direction. This technique can be used to convert the quantum correlations between the sidebands of the incident fields into quantum correlations between the two spatially distinct output fields. We show that, under certain experimental conditions, the fields emerging from the cavity will display entanglement.