Noise mapping for an urban area: study case: old city of Damascus, Syria

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Urbana

Mapeo de QTL para Mal de Río Cuarto en maíz. QTL mapping for tolerance to Mal de Río Cuarto disease in maize.

El Mal de Río Cuarto (MRC) es una enfermedad del maíz (Zea mays L.), endémica de ciertas zonas de la Argentina y constituye la patología más importante de este cultivo por la severidad de los daños y por la creciente difusión del área geográfica afectada. El empleo de la resistencia genética bajo un manejo integrado de la enfermedad, constituye la estrategia más económica y ambientalmente sustentable para lograr el incremento y la estabilidad en la producción de los cultivos de maíz, reduciendo el uso nocivo de agroquímicos. La reacción a la enfermedad MRC se encuentra influida por una fuerte interacción genotipo-ambiente que dificulta el mejoramiento genético. En los ensayos multiambientales la inconsistencia de la respuesta y la inestabilidad de los genotipos ensayados hace dificultoso llevar a cabo una buena selección basada en los síntomas de la enfermedad. Para contribuir a aumentar la eficacia de los métodos de mejoramiento es posible implementar programas en los que se incluyan herramientas biotecnológicas como los marcadores moleculares, que permiten reducir el efecto ambiental y contribuyen a soslayar, al menos en parte, los inconvenientes planteados por los efectos de la interacción genotipo-ambiente facilitando la identificación de los genotipos buscados. La selección fenotípica realizada convencionalmente, puede ser complementada con la selección asistida por marcadores (marker-assisted selection MAS) consistente en utilizar la información genética que brindan marcadores moleculares de ADN, tales como los SSR, asociados a loci o segmentos cromosómicos (quantitative trait loci QTL) que confieran resistencia a MRC. Si bien los resultados preliminares obtenidos por nuestro grupo de trabajo señalan la presencia de posibles QTLs e informan que la reacción frente a la enfermedad tiene una moderada heredabilidad y una substancial variación debida a la interacción genotipo-ambiente, es necesario confirmar los resultados relativos a los parámetros poblacionales y obtener una mejor delimitación de las regiones genómicas identificadas. Con la finalidad de aumentar la eficiencia de los programas de mejoramiento en el desarrollo de genotipos tolerantes mediante la selección asistida por marcadores utilizando una población de mapeo F2 con un fondo genético diferente y líneas endocriadas recombinantes evaluadas en ensayos multiambientales, se proponen los siguientes objetivos (i) estudiar la forma de herencia de la reacción frente a MRC, (ii) identificar nuevos QTLs asociados a este carácter y (iii) verificar la consistencia de los QTLs identificados previamente.

Coordinación socio-política. Redes de influencia y estructuras de poder en CórdobaSocio-political coordination. Influence Networks and power structures in Córdoba.

Los mecanismos de producción y reproducción de la influencia política es una importante área de estudio de la ciencia política en las últimas décadas. En la misma se han disputado diferentes teorías, desde las que plantean la influencia predominante de grupos de poder y sectores corporativos tanto en las decisiones del estado como en las no decisiones, hasta los que plantean que existe la puja de diferentes intereses dentro del Estado pero que no existe ningún grupo predominante. El análisis de redes (network analysis) permite estudiar este objeto mediante la observación de la estructura de relaciones de los actores influyentes dentro de la política provincial. En esta area de estudio, este proyecto propone estudiar de qué manera se produce y reproduce la influencia política en la Provincia de Córdoba.Las hipótesis que plantea el proyecto son las siguientes: H1- La estructura del poder socio-político provincial adquiere una configuración reticular en la que existe un núcleo de actores que representan intereses tradicionales organizados y permite un escaso acceso de nuevas organizaciones que defienden intereses sociales difusos. H2- En el proceso de influencia sociopolítica provincial operan mecanismos de influencia interpersonales directos e indirectos (Brokerage) que permiten a los actores acceder e influir en los decisores públicos. H3- En el proceso de influencia socio-política interviene una diversidad de recursos de poder que los actores utilizan para influir las políticas públicas. Para esto se propone como objetivos del proyecto los siguientes: 1- Identificar y analizar la estructura de poder e influencia que subyace a la política provincial. 2- Analizar los intereses, actores y sectores incluidos y excluidos de la estructura de influencia política. 3- Analizar los mecanismos y recursos de producción y reproducción del poder y la influencia. 4- Analizar las áreas de política del estado provincial que resultan lugar de influencia de los actores y sectores que configuran la estructura de poder socio-política. 5- Analizar el sistema de decisión colectiva (policy domain) en dos áreas de política provincial. 6- Analizar los recursos que posibilitan a los actores ejercer poder e influencia en las áreas de políticas estudiadas. Para la verificación empírica de las hipótesis se realiza un diseño de investigación que incluye el mapeo y análisis de dos tipos de redes políticas diferentes, la "red de influencia en la política provincial" y la red de influencia en un "área de políticas públicas". La reconstrucción de las redes políticas se realizará mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas a actores sociales y políticos en un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo "bola de nieve". La investigación pretende realizar un aporte a la comprensión de la coordinación política y, en tal sentido, espera alcanzar una adecuada descripción y comprensión de los procesos de influencia y de estructuración del poder en la Provincia de Córdoba.

Coordination chemistry of acrylamide and N-pyrazolylpropanamide : syntheses and structures

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2006

effectiveness of partial coordination among decentralized institutions

Externalities, fiscal competition, partial coordination, wage formation

Funktionelle, strukturelle und elektrische Veränderungen bei herzinsuffizienten Patienten mit Linksschenkelblock : Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung mittels elektromechanischem Mapping und Magnetresonanztomografie

Magdeburg, Univ., Med. Fak., Diss., 2006

Mapping of the healthy immunoglobulin repertoire over the course of B cell maturation by deep pyrosequencing

Healthy immunoglobulin repertoire has not been extensively evaluated reflecting in part the challenge of generating sufficiently robust data sets by conventional clonal sequencing. Deep sequencing has revolutionized the capacity to evaluate the depth and breadth of the Ig repertoire along the B cell developmental pathway, and can be used to pin point defect(s) of primary or acquired B-cell associated diseases. In this study healthy IgM and IgG repertoires were studied by 454-pyrosequencing to establish the healthy controls for diseased repertoires. (...)

Observability and overcoming coordination failure in organizations

Many organizations suffer poor performance because its members fail to coordinate on efficient patterns of behavior. In previous research, we have shown that financial incentives can be used to find a way out of such performance traps. Here we examine the sensitivity of this result to the ability of people to observe others' choices. Our experiments are set in a corporate environment where subjects' payoffs depend on coordinating at high effort levels; the underlying game being played repeatedly by the employees of an experimental firm is a weak-link game. Treatments vary along two dimensions. First, subjects either start with low financial incentives for coordination, which typically leads to coordination failure, and then are switched to higher incentives or start with high incentives, which typically yield effective coordination, and are switched to low incentives. Second, as the key treatment variable, subjects either observe the effort levels chosen by all employees in their experimenta

A change would do you good . . . An experimental study on how to overcome coordination failure in organizations

Many organizations suffer poor performance because individuals within the organization fail to coordinate on efficient patterns of behavior. Using controlled laboratory experiments, we study how financial incentives can be used to find a way out of such performance traps. Our experiments are set in a corporate environment where subjects' payoffs depend on coordinating at high effort levels; the underlying game being played repeatedly by employees is a weak-link game. In an initial phase, the benefits of coordination are low relative to the cost of increased effort. Play in this initial phase typically converges to an inefficient outcome with employees failing to coordinate at high effort levels. The experimental design then explores the effects of varying the financial incentives to coordinate at a higher effort level. We find that an increase in the benefits of coordination leads to improved coordination, but, surprisingly, large increases have no more impact than small increases. Once subj

Leadership and overcoming coordination failure with asymmetric costs

We study how the heterogeneity of agents affects the extent to which changes in financial incentives can pull a group out of a situation of coordination failure. We focus on the connections between cost asymmetries and leadership. Experimental subjects interact in groups of four in a series of weak-link games. The treatment variable is the distribution of high and low effort cost across subjects. We present data for one, two and three low-cost subjects as well as control sessions with symmetric costs. The overall pattern of coordination improvement is common across treatments. Early coordination improvements depend on the distribution of high and low effort costs across subjects, but these differences disappear with time. We find that initial leadership in overcoming coordination failure is not driven by low-cost subjects but by subjects with the most frequent cost. This conformity effect can be due to a kind of group identity or to the cognitive simplicity of acting with identical others.

Do creative industries cluster? mapping creative local production systems in Italy

An important debate on the role of creativity and culture as factors of local economic development is distinctly emerging. Despite the emphasis put on the theoretical definition of these concepts, it is necessary to strengthen comparative research for the identification and analysis of the kind of creativity embedded in the territory as well as its determinants. Creative local production systems are identified in Italy and Spain departing from local labour markets as territorial units, and focusing on two different kinds of creative

High-resolution spatial mapping of changes in the neurochemical profile after focal ischemia in mice.

After ischemic stroke, the ischemic damage to brain tissue evolves over time and with an uneven spatial distribution. Early irreversible changes occur in the ischemic core, whereas, in the penumbra, which receives more collateral blood flow, the damage is more mild and delayed. A better characterization of the penumbra, irreversibly damaged and healthy tissues is needed to understand the mechanisms involved in tissue death. MRSI is a powerful tool for this task if the scan time can be decreased whilst maintaining high sensitivity. Therefore, we made improvements to a (1) H MRSI protocol to study middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. The spatial distribution of changes in the neurochemical profile was investigated, with an effective spatial resolution of 1.4 μL, applying the protocol on a 14.1-T magnet. The acquired maps included the difficult-to-separate glutamate and glutamine resonances and, to our knowledge, the first mapping of metabolites γ-aminobutyric acid and glutathione in vivo, within a metabolite measurement time of 45 min. The maps were in excellent agreement with findings from single-voxel spectroscopy and offer spatial information at a scan time acceptable for most animal models. The metabolites measured differed with respect to the temporal evolution of their concentrations and the localization of these changes. Specifically, lactate and N-acetylaspartate concentration changes largely overlapped with the T(2) -hyperintense region visualized with MRI, whereas changes in cholines and glutathione affected the entire middle cerebral artery territory. Glutamine maps showed elevated levels in the ischemic striatum until 8 h after reperfusion, and until 24 h in cortical tissue, indicating differences in excitotoxic effects and secondary energy failure in these tissue types. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Association mapping of candidate genes for drought tolerance in Mediterranean durum wheat landraces

Treball al que se li ha concedit el premi al millor póster del congrés

Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2: epitope mapping and biological activity analysis of specific antibodies

Background: Plasmodium falciparum(P. falciparum) merozoite surfaceprotein 2 (MSP-2) is one of bloodstage proteins that are associated withprotection from malaria. MSP-2 consistsof a highly polymorphic centralrepeat region flanked by a dimorphicregion that defines the two allelicfamilies, 3D7 and FC27; N- and Cterminalregions are conserved domains.Long synthetic peptides (LSP)representing the two allelic familiesof MSP-2 and constant regions arerecognized by sera from donors livingin endemic areas; and specific antibodies(Abs) are associated with protectionand active in antibody dependentcellular inhibition (ADCI) in vitro.However, the fine specificity ofAb response to the two allelic familiesof MSP-2 is unknown. Methods: Peptidesrepresenting dimorphic regionof 3D7 and FC27 families and theirC-terminal (common fragment to thetwo families) termed 3D7-D (88 aa),FC27-D (48 aa) and C (40 aa) respectivelywere synthesized. Overlapping20 mer peptides covering dimorphicand constant regions of two familieswere also synthesized for epitopemapping. Human sera were obtainedfrom donors living in malaria endemicareas. SpecificDand CregionsAbs were purified from single or poolhuman sera. Sera from mice were obtainedafter immunization with thetwo families LSP mixture in three differentadjuvants: alhydrogel (Alum),Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant-Stableoil-in-water Emulsion (GLA-SE)and Virosome. For ADCI, P. falciparum(strain 3D7) parasite wasmaintained in culture at 0.5% parasitemiaand 4% hematocrit in air tightbox at love oxygen (2%) and 37 ºC.Results: We identified several epitopesfrom the dimorphic and constantregions of both families of MSP-2, inmice and humans (adults and children).In human, most recognizedepitopes were the same in differentendemic regions for each domain ofthe two families of MSP-2. In mice,the differential recognition of epitopewas depending on the strain of mouseand interestingly on the adjuvantused. GLA-SE and alum as adjuvantswere more often associated with therecognition of multiple epitopes thanvirosomes. Epitope-specific Abs recognizednative merozoites of P.falciparum and were active in ADCIto block development of parasite.Conclusion: The delineation of a limitednumber of epitopes could be exploitedto develop MSP-2 vaccinesactive on both allelic families ofMSP-2.

Objective analysis of gait coordination for total knee arthroplasty outcome

Introduction: Coordination is a strategy chosen by the central nervous system to control the movements and maintain stability during gait. Coordinated multi-joint movements require a complex interaction between nervous outputs, biomechanical constraints, and pro-prioception. Quantitatively understanding and modeling gait coordination still remain a challenge. Surgeons lack a way to model and appreciate the coordination of patients before and after surgery of the lower limbs. Patients alter their gait patterns and their kinematic synergies when they walk faster or slower than normal speed to maintain their stability and minimize the energy cost of locomotion. The goal of this study was to provide a dynamical system approach to quantitatively describe human gait coordination and apply it to patients before and after total knee arthroplasty. Methods: A new method of quantitative analysis of interjoint coordination during gait was designed, providing a general model to capture the whole dynamics and showing the kinematic synergies at various walking speeds. The proposed model imposed a relationship among lower limb joint angles (hips and knees) to parameterize the dynamics of locomotion of each individual. An integration of different analysis tools such as Harmonic analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and Artificial Neural Network helped overcome high-dimensionality, temporal dependence, and non-linear relationships of the gait patterns. Ten patients were studied using an ambulatory gait device (Physilog®). Each participant was asked to perform two walking trials of 30m long at 3 different speeds and to complete an EQ-5D questionnaire, a WOMAC and Knee Society Score. Lower limbs rotations were measured by four miniature angular rate sensors mounted respectively, on each shank and thigh. The outcomes of the eight patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, recorded pre-operatively and post-operatively at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year were compared to 2 age-matched healthy subjects. Results: The new method provided coordination scores at various walking speeds, ranged between 0 and 10. It determined the overall coordination of the lower limbs as well as the contribution of each joint to the total coordination. The difference between the pre-operative and post-operative coordination values were correlated with the improvements of the subjective outcome scores. Although the study group was small, the results showed a new way to objectively quantify gait coordination of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, using only portable body-fixed sensors. Conclusion: A new method for objective gait coordination analysis has been developed with very encouraging results regarding the objective outcome of lower limb surgery.