Stabilization works at Olvés Church (Zaragoza-Spain)

The Olvés Church is a Lhree naves basilica. From its construction in 1767, it sufTercd important damages and successivc reparations. The church is built on a claycy hillock on top of the village with vcry fort slopcs. The retaining walls Lhat surround the church havc sufTered movements. A soil sludy was done to know its propcrtics and the reason of the movement. Also, the structural roof is broken and it is not fixed to thc walls that can movc. Thc first phase is done, with a pavcd squa rc ovcr an ancient cemetery. The next phase is a new roof structure to support the lean walls. Al'ter that done, the repair inside can start.

Church of Ascension

To make a church in the neighbourhood of the Macarena in Seville, a city full of light.

Acoustic study of the Compañía de Jesús church. Characterization by means of objective and subjective parameters

This work shows the objective results of the acoustic quality of the Compañia de Jesús Church in Cordoba, Argentina. The acoustics of this Temple, built by the Orden Jesuita (Jesuit Order) two centuries ago and declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000, is currently considered optimal by musicians as well as general public. In the second half of XVI century, with the Catholic reform, the need for improved speech intelligibility was given priority, being the Jesuit one of the orders that gave most importance to the construction of their temples. This church has constructive and spatial characteristics consistent with those needs. With the purpose of carrying out the acoustic assessment of the precincts, a work methodology that allowed comparing the results obtained from objective measures was developed by means of implementation of field measurements and space modeling, with subjective appreciation results, by developing surveys, with the aim of characterizing acoustically the sound space. This paper shows the comparison between the subjective results and objective criteria, which allowed important conclusions on the acoustic behavior of the temple to be obtained. In this way interesting data were obtained in relation to the subjective response of the acoustics of the church.

Church for the School "Santa María del Pilar"

Church for the School "Santa María del Pilar"

NEOTRIBALISMO E NOVOS MOVIMENTOS RELIGIOSOS: ESTUDO DE CASO DA PRÁXIS DA IGREJA BOLA DE NEVE CHURCH

A presente pesquisa Neotribalismo e Novos Movimentos Religiosos:Estudo de Caso das Práxis da Igreja Bola de Neve Church é uma investigação in loco que se propõe analisar, descrever e interpretar o contexto de uma práxis religiosa emergente, com uma abordagem teórico-científica deste movimento religioso. A partir da década de 80 do século XX houve uma nova configuração social permitindo criar grupos de identificação própria, principalmente no contexto urbano. Um destes grupos que vieram a surgir foram as chamadas tribos urbanas. Esta nova configuração neo-tribalista permitiu o desenvolvimento de expressões de religiosidade própria, chamado de Novos Movimentos Religiosos, dentre os quais, destaca-se a Igreja Bola de Neve Church. O tema desta pesquisa científica tem despertado grande interesse pelos cientistas sociais e da religião, apresentando-se, também, como um novo desafio aos pastoralistas por analisar os efeitos que este fenômeno religioso implica na sociedade contemporânea. Por isso, além de compreender os fundamentos teórico-científicos da construção do modelo social neotribalista e dos Novos Movimentos Religiosos, a pesquisa propõe-se a investigar o surgimento, descrevê-lo e interpretar suas práticas religiosas sob a chave hermenêutica da teoria da práxis religiosa, a fim de compreender como a Igreja Bola de Neve Church é interpretada pelas religiões de tradição cristã.(AU)

NEOTRIBALISMO E NOVOS MOVIMENTOS RELIGIOSOS: ESTUDO DE CASO DA PRÁXIS DA IGREJA BOLA DE NEVE CHURCH

A presente pesquisa Neotribalismo e Novos Movimentos Religiosos:Estudo de Caso das Práxis da Igreja Bola de Neve Church é uma investigação in loco que se propõe analisar, descrever e interpretar o contexto de uma práxis religiosa emergente, com uma abordagem teórico-científica deste movimento religioso. A partir da década de 80 do século XX houve uma nova configuração social permitindo criar grupos de identificação própria, principalmente no contexto urbano. Um destes grupos que vieram a surgir foram as chamadas tribos urbanas. Esta nova configuração neo-tribalista permitiu o desenvolvimento de expressões de religiosidade própria, chamado de Novos Movimentos Religiosos, dentre os quais, destaca-se a Igreja Bola de Neve Church. O tema desta pesquisa científica tem despertado grande interesse pelos cientistas sociais e da religião, apresentando-se, também, como um novo desafio aos pastoralistas por analisar os efeitos que este fenômeno religioso implica na sociedade contemporânea. Por isso, além de compreender os fundamentos teórico-científicos da construção do modelo social neotribalista e dos Novos Movimentos Religiosos, a pesquisa propõe-se a investigar o surgimento, descrevê-lo e interpretar suas práticas religiosas sob a chave hermenêutica da teoria da práxis religiosa, a fim de compreender como a Igreja Bola de Neve Church é interpretada pelas religiões de tradição cristã.(AU)

El confesor real en la Castilla de los Trastamara: 1366-1504

The knowledge about the figure of royal confessor has been, until recent times, very limited for the period of medieval Castile. A lot of studies have been done for Modern Age, when the institution of the kinǵs confessor played an important role in the Court of the Hispanic Crown. It is evident that this figure didńt appear ex nihilo in the Sixteenth Century and there existed some origins. Many historians mentioned some medieval confessors in their studies about any other subjects. Actually, it was not clear if those clerics could be properly considered as confessors. Our first aim has been to find all the references which exist in the sources and bibliography about kinǵs confessors in the Middle Ages and verify their nature as confessors. We fixed the beginning of the period of study with the reign of Enrique II, and its end with the death of Isabel I in 1504. The main reason is the fact that both sovereigns are the first and last monarchs of Trastamara dinasty, a very significant period in the origin of Modern State in Castile. The Church was an essential element in this process, on account of the service which many clerics enlisted to the Crown in different tasks (diplomacy, bureaucracy, Counsel and Counselling, etc.) and their ideological support to this endeavour. In this context, the royal confessor could perform an important work as personal advisor and a loyal subject to the person of the king in so many activities. This is well-known for Modern Age and also fort the reign of transition between this period and the precedent: the period of Catholic Kings. But it isńt for the times backwards...

Schleiermacher's Doctrine of Biblical Authority: An Alternative to Content-Based/Supernaturalist and Function-Based Rationalist Models

Author: Kerry W. Holton Title: SCHLEIERMACHER’S DOCTRINE OF BIBLICAL AUTHORITY: AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONTENT-BASED/SUPERNATURALIST AND FUNCTION- BASED/RATIONALIST MODELS Advisor: Theodore M. Vial, Jr. Degree Date: August 2015 This dissertation examines Friedrich Schleiermacher’s understanding of biblical authority and argues that, as an alternative to strictly supernaturalistic and rationalistic models, his understanding allows the New Testament to speak authoritatively in Christian religion in an age of critical, historical awareness. After classifying Schleiermacher’s position in a typology of the doctrine of biblical authority, this dissertation explores his conception of divine revelation and inspiration vis-à-vis scripture. It demonstrates that although he did not believe there is warrant for the claim of a direct connection between divine revelation and scripture, or that scripture is the foundation of faith, he nonetheless asserted that the New Testament is authoritative. He asserted the normative authority of the New Testament on the basis that it is the first presentation of Christian faith. This dissertation examines Schleiermacher’s “canon within the canon,” as well as his denial that the Old Testament shares the same normative worth and inspiration of the New. Although this dissertation finds difficulty with some of Schleiermacher’s views regarding the Old Testament, it names two significant strengths of what is identified as his evangelical, content-based, and rationalist approach to biblical authority. First, it recognizes and values the co-presence and co-activity of the supernatural and the natural !ii in the production of the New Testament canon. This allows both scripture and the church to share religious authority. Second, it allows Christian faith and the historical-method to coexist, as it does not require people to contradict what they know to be the case about science, history, and philosophy. Thus, this dissertation asserts that Schleiermacher’s understanding of biblical authority is a robust one, since, for him, the authority of scripture does not lie in some property of the texts themselves that historians or unbelievers can take away.

Recolonization of mortars by endolithic organisms on the walls of San Roque church in Campeche (Mexico): A case of tertiary bioreceptivity

San Roque church (Campeche, Mexico) was built at the end of the 17th century with a micritic limestone and lime mortar in baroque style. In 2005 the church exhibited heavy biodeterioration associated with the development of extensive dark green phototrophic-based biofilms. Several cyanobacteria belonging to the order Chroococcales and lichenized fungi (Toninia nordlandica, Lobaria quercizans, Lecanora subcarnea, Cystocoleus ebeneus) were predominant in the dark biofilm samples, as revealed by DNA-based molecular techniques. In 2009, a cleaning and restoration intervention was adopted; however, after few months, microbial recolonization started to be noticeable on the painted church walls, representing an early phototrophic-based recolonization. According to molecular analysis, scanning electron microscopy observations and digital image analysis of cross sections, new phototrophic-based colonization, composed of cyanobacteria and bryophytes, developed mainly beneath the restored mortars. The intrinsic properties of the mortars, the tropical climate of Campeche and the absence of a biocide treatment in the restoration protocol influenced the recolonization of the church façades and enhanced the overall rate of deterioration in a short-term period.

Restoration of religious temples: intervention in the church “Nuestra Señora de Belén” in Crevillente (Alicante)

Heritage conservation has raised historical problems usually centered in defects resulting from water leaks. Thus, any intervention is presented as a difficult task, both due to building techniques to be used and the lack of economic resources in many cases. In relation to the temples existing in Alicante (Spain), water drainage is solved with pitched roofs on slope formation (in vaulted naves) or directly supported on the vaulted elements (in the domes). Since those construction systems are composed by brick and plaster, the presence of moisture is problematic, and represents a risk of losing the strength capacity and therefore the stability of the dome. An example of this problem is the dome of the church “Nuestra Señora de Belén” in Crevillente, built with solid bricks, it has the highest diameter of the province (18th century). This historic building has been restored on several occasions in the recent years due to moisture, cracks or fissures. The study of these works give an idea of the difficulties of maintenance, conservation and proper restoration of such kind of buildings as unique and valued constructions in our heritage.

Subsidence damage assessment of a Gothic church using differential interferometry and field data

The Santas Justa and Rufina Gothic church (fourteenth century) has suffered several physical, mechanical, chemical, and biochemical types of pathologies along its history: rock alveolization, efflorescence, biological activity, and capillary ascent of groundwater. However, during the last two decades, a new phenomenon has seriously affected the church: ground subsidence caused by aquifer overexploitation. Subsidence is a process that affects the whole Vega Baja of the Segura River basin and consists of gradual sinking in the ground surface caused by soil consolidation due to a pore pressure decrease. This phenomenon has been studied by differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry techniques, which illustrate settlements up to 100 mm for the 1993–2009 period for the whole Orihuela city. Although no differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry information is available for the church due to the loss of interferometric coherence, the spatial analysis of nearby deformation combined with fieldwork has advanced the current understanding on the mechanisms that affect the Santas Justa and Rufina church. These results show the potential interest and the limitations of using this remote sensing technique as a complementary tool for the forensic analysis of building structures.