Avaliação ergonômica de modelos de cabos aéreos utilizados na extração florestal

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma empresa florestal, localizada no município de Cerro Azul, PR, objetivando-se a avaliação ergonômica da utilização de três modelos de cabos aéreos, K301, K501 e K601, utilizados na extração de árvores inteiras de Pinus spp. em regiões montanhosas. Utilizou-se um questionário preenchido pelos operadores das três torres existentes, avaliando-se as seguintes variáveis: acesso à cabine de trabalho, posição de trabalho do operador, cabine do operador, assento do operador, controles e instrumentação, clima na cabine, visibilidade da cabine em relação ao campo de trabalho, exaustão de gases e poeira e vibração. Conclui-se que, os cabos aéreos modelos K301 e K501 não atendem aos requisitos ergonômicos e seus operadores, por consequência, encontram-se susceptíveis a riscos em sua jornada de trabalho, enquanto que no modelo K601 seu operador trabalha em condições ergonômicas satisfatórias.

Carbon sequestration and nutrient reserves under differen t land use systems

This study evaluated the contribution of agroforestry (AFS) and traditional systems to carbon sequestration and nutrient reserves in plants, litter and soil. The study was carried out in the semiarid region of Brazil in a long-term experiment on an experimental farm of the goat and sheep section of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). Two agroforestry systems were investigated: agrosilvopastoral (ASP) and forest-pasture areas (SP) as well as traditional agriculture management (TM), two areas left fallow after TM (six fallow years - F6 and nine fallow years - F9) and one area of preserved Caatinga vegetation (CAT). Soil, litter and plants were sampled from all areas and the contents of C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg per compartment determined. The AFS (ASP and SP) had higher nutrient stocks than the traditional and intermediate stocks compared to the preserved Caatinga. In the ASP, a relevant part of the nutrients extracted by crops is returned to the system by constant inputs of litter, weeding of herbaceous vegetation and cutting of the legume crops. After fallow periods of six and nine years, carbon and nutrient stocks in the compartments soil, litter and herbaceous plants were similar to those of the preserved Caatinga (CAT), but still lower than under natural conditions in the woody vegetation.

Sorovares de Salmonella isolados de matérias-primas e de ração para aves no Brasil

Foram caracterizadas antigenicamente amostras de Salmonella isoladas de matérias-primas e de ração para aves em 1976 e durante doze anos consecutivos (1979-1991). As 2293 culturas analisadas provieram de sete regiões distintas do país e possibilitaram o reconhecimento de 151 sorovares, classificados bioquimicamente nas subespécies I (99,6%) IIIa (0,33%) e IV (0,04%), respectivamente. Os sorovares identificados se distribuiram por 17 sorogrupos, com predominância de O:7 (30,4%), O:4 (24,5%), O:3,10 (19,1%), O:13 (7,8%), O:1,3,19 (4,9%) e O:18 (3,7), que representam 90% dos grupos sorológicos caracterizados e constituídos de 103 (68,2%) sorotipos. Dentre os dez sorovares mais frequentemente reconhecidos citam-se S. Montevideo, S. Senftenberg, S. Havana, S. Mbandaka, S. Tennessee, S. Infantis, S. Agona, S. Anatum, S. Cerro e S. Bredeney. Alguns aspectos de caráter epidemiológico foram discutidos, envolvendo particularmente, determinados sorotipos e inclusive confrontando-se os resultados obtidos com aqueles oriundos de investigação conexa em aves.

Uso de herbicidas no consórcio de milho safrinha com Brachiaria ruziziensis

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de Brachiaria ruziziensis cultivada em consórcio com milho safrinha, mediante a utilização dos herbicidas atrazine (1.760 g i.a. ha-1), mesotrione (60 g i.a. ha-1), mesotrione + atrazine (1.760 e 60 g i.a. ha-1) e nicosulfuron (8 e 16 g i.a. ha-1), aplicados aos 14 e 24 dias após a emergência das plantas de braquiária. O milho foi semeado mecanicamente no dia 7/3/2008 em linhas de 0,90 m, com uma linha intercalar de B. ruziziensis. O atrazine não causou sinais visíveis de toxicidade nas folhas de B. ruziziensis, enquanto o mesotrione causou branqueamento das pontas das folhas, mas proporcionou retomada rápida do crescimento. O nicosulfuron provocou clorose foliar, com necrose e redução do crescimento, sem recuperação total das plantas de B. ruziziensis durante o crescimento do milho, ocasionando baixo rendimento de massa da forrageira. Os colmos velhos, crescidos durante o cultivo do milho, são responsáveis pelo maior rendimento de massa da braquiária e são pouco afetados pelo atrazine e mesotrione, que podem ser utilizados no cultivo consorciado. O rendimento de grãos do milho safrinha não foi alterado significativamente pelos tratamentos.

White tea (Camellia sinensis) extract reduces oxidative stress and triacylglycerols in obese mice

White tea is an unfermented tea made from young shoots of Camellia sinensis protected from sunlight to avoid polyphenol degradation. Although its levels of catechins are higher than those of green tea (derived from the same plant), there are no studies addressing the relationship between this tea and obesity associated with oxidative stress.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of white tea on obesity and its complications using a diet induced obesity model. Forty male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity (Obese group) or the same diet supplemented with 0.5% white tea extract (Obese + WTE) for 8 weeks. Adipose tissue, serum lipid profile, and oxidative stress were studied. White tea supplementation was not able to reduce food intake, body weight, or visceral adiposity. Similarly, there were no changes in cholesterol rich lipoprotein profile between the groups. A reduction in blood triacylglycerols associated with increased cecal lipids was observed in the group fed the diet supplemented with white tea. White tea supplementation also reduced oxidative stress in liver and adipose tissue. In conclusion, white tea extract supplementation (0.5%) does not influence body weight or adiposity in obese mice. Its benefits are restricted to the reduction in oxidative stress associated with obesity and improvement of hypertriacylglycerolemia.

Resolución No. 5412 - SIC: Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio

Servicios registrales

Recherche et caractérisation de systèmes binaires dont l'une des composantes est de faible masse

Nous présentons la découverte de quatorze nouveaux systèmes binaires ayant une séparation supérieure à 250 UA et dont au moins l'une des composantes est une naine M ou une naine L. Ces systèmes ont d'abord été identifiés en cherchant des objets ayant un mouvement propre commun autour d'étoiles connues possédant un mouvement propre élevé, grâce à une corrélation croisée de grands relevés du ciel dans l'infrarouge proche (2MASS, SDSS et SIMP). Un suivi astrométrique, afin de confirmer le mouvement propre commun, a été réalisé sur toutes les cibles avec la caméra SIMON et/ou la caméra CPAPIR à l'Observatoire du Mont-Mégatic (OMM) ou à l'Observatoire interaméricain du Cerro Tololo (CTIO). Un suivi spectroscopique a aussi été effectué sur la plupart des compagnons avec GMOS ou GNIRS à Gemini afin de déterminer leurs types spectraux. La probabilité que deux objets forment un système binaire par hasard a été évaluée afin de s'assurer que les couples candidats que nous présentons soient réellement liés.Un de nos nouveaux systèmes a un compagnon de masse sous-stellaire : 2M1259+1001 (L4.5). L'étude des systèmes que nous avons découverts pourra, entre autre, nous aider à mieux comprendre les mécanismes de formation des étoiles de très faible masse et des naines brunes.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enteritidis and other salmonellas in the eggs and egg-storing trays from retails markets of Coimbatore, South India

A study was conducted to determine the incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and other Salmonella serovars on eggshell, egg contents and on egg-storing trays. A total of 492 eggs and 82 egg-storing trays were examined over a period of 1 year from different retail outlets of a residential area of Coimbatore city, South India. Salmonella contamination was recorded in 38 of 492 (7.7%) eggs out of which 29 was in eggshell (5.9%) and 9 in egg contents (1.8%). Around 7.5% of the egg-storing trays were also found to be contaminated with Salmonella. Serotyping of the Salmonella strains showed that 89.7% of the strains from eggshell, 100% of the strains from egg contents and 71.4% of the strains from egg-storing trays were Salmonella Enteritidis. Other serovarvars encountered were S. Cerro, S. Molade and S. Mbandaka from eggshell and S. Cerro from egg-storing trays. Seasonal variations in the prevalence pattern were identified with, a higher prevalence during monsoon months followed by post-monsoon and premonsoon. Further examination of the Salmonella strains was carried out by testing their antimicrobial sensitivity against 10 commonly used antimicrobials. Results revealed high prevalence of multiple antimicrobial resistance among these strains suggesting possible prior selection by use of antimicrobials in egg production

Prevalence and distribution of Salmonella serotypes in marketed broiler chickens and processing environment in Coimbatore City of southern India

Broiler chicken is gaining popularity among the consumers of India. Since poultry is recognised as a leading food vehicle for Salmonella contamination, the prevalence and distribution of Salmonella serotypes in broiler chickens and processing environments of retail outlets has been studied. In the present study 214 samples of broiler chicken and 311 environmental samples from cage were analysed for the presence of Salmonella. Of the various body parts of live chicken analysed prevalence varied from 1.4% in cloacca to 6.9% in crop region. Environmental samples from the cage showed higher prevalence of Salmonella ranging from0 to 16.67%. Apart from Salmonella enteritidis, which was the predominant Salmonella serotype in the chickens as well as in the environmental samples, other serotypes such as S. bareilly, S. cerro, S. mbandaka and S. moladewere also encountered. The results of the research calls for strict hygiene standards for retail broiler chicken processing outlets

Salmonella cross contamination in retail chicken outlets and the efficacy of spice extracts on salmonella enteritidis growth inhibhition on various surfaces

The source of samonella cross contamination in 15 retail chicken outlets in aresidual area in coimbatore city ,sourthern India was studied. Chopping boards and the butchers hands were predominant followed by knives and the weighing balance tray. Serotyping of the salmonella strains revealed that all strains were salmonella enteritis, except one which was found to be salmonella cerro.The anti bacterial activity of commonly used spices were evaluated.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enteritidis and other salmonellas in the eggs and egg-storing trays from retails markets of Coimbatore, South India

A study was conducted to determine the incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and other Salmonella serovars on eggshell, egg contents and on egg-storing trays. A total of 492 eggs and 82 egg-storing trays were examined over a period of 1 year from different retail outlets of a residential area of Coimbatore city, South India. Salmonella contamination was recorded in 38 of 492 (7.7%) eggs out of which 29 was in eggshell (5.9%) and 9 in egg contents (1.8%). Around 7.5% of the egg-storing trays were also found to be contaminated with Salmonella. Serotyping of the Salmonella strains showed that 89.7% of the strains from eggshell, 100% of the strains from egg contents and 71.4% of the strains from egg-storing trays were Salmonella Enteritidis. Other serovarvars encountered were S. Cerro, S. Molade and S. Mbandaka from eggshell and S. Cerro from egg-storing trays. Seasonal variations in the prevalence pattern were identified with, a higher prevalence during monsoon months followed by post-monsoon and premonsoon. Further examination of the Salmonella strains was carried out by testing their antimicrobial sensitivity against 10 commonly used antimicrobials. Results revealed high prevalence of multiple antimicrobial resistance among these strains suggesting possible prior selection by use of antimicrobials in egg production

Somos j??venes aut??nomos

Se presenta experiencia educativa que propone una serie de actividades para iniciar, potenciar y afianzar h??bitos b??sicos de autonom??a para facilitar el desarrollo integral del alumnado. Se realiza en el IES Cerro de los Infantes en Pinos Puente, Granada. Los objetivos son: identificar y resolver problemas y tareas sencillas, aceptando las dificultades, las limitaciones y las posibilidades, utilizando los recursos a su alcance y la colaboraci??n de otras personas para resolverlos; progresar en la adquisici??n de h??bitos y actitudes de salud y seguridad personal, higiene, cuidado personal y alimentaci??n, necesarios para actuar con autonom??a en los entornos habituales y futuros; percibir y conocer los cambios corporales, aceptar de forma positiva los cambios en la imagen personal que ??stos suponen, as?? como comportarse y valorarlos con una actitud positiva y respetuosa; desarrollar las habilidades sociales instrumentales que posibiliten en el alumno un funcionamiento lo m??s aut??nomo posible dentro de la sociedad; implicar a las familias, profesorado, asociaciones, entidades, etc, en nuestro proyecto de trabajo en pro de la mejora del proceso de ense??anza y aprendizaje de todos; desarrollar actitudes de tolerancia, aceptaci??n y respeto ante la diversidad de capacidades y necesidades de toda la comunidad educativa para reducir el nivel de conflictividad en el aula y facilitar la mejora de la convivencia en general.

Creaci??n de una p??gina web con motivo del IV centenario del Quijote

Se presenta memoria final de proyecto educativo que pretende fomentar la lectura y escritura entre el alumnado, a trav??s de la creaci??n de una p??gina web en honor al IV centenario de El Quijote. Se realiza en el IES Auringis en Ja??n. Los objetivos son: incentivar la participaci??n del profesorado en proyectos que superen el ??mbito exclusivo del centro, aprovechando las facilidades que proporcionan al respecto las nuevas tecnolog??as; habilitar foros donde el profesorado puedan compartir experiencias, buscar soluciones a problemas profesionales cotidianos, lanzar ideas; fomentar entre el alumnado el h??bito de lectura por medio del boca a boca, m??todo que, al menos por ahora, consideramos m??s efectivo que el de la imposici??n de lecturas obligatorias; propiciar que el alumnado cuenten la lectura como una posibilidad m??s de entre las que existen para ocupar el tiempo de ocio; luchar contra el prejuicio elitista que gira en torno a lo libresco; fomentar enfoques interdisciplinares del hecho de leer; festejar el IV centenario de la publicaci??n de la primera parte de El Quijote. El proceso consta: reuniones previas a la elaboraci??n del proyecto de innovaci??n; redacci??n del proyecto de innovaci??n; investigaciones tendentes a darle contenido a la p??gina web; encuentros con autores; premios literarios; exposiciones sobre autores y libros; lecturas p??blicas; asistencia a los actos conmemorativos; participaci??n en experiencias de 'Book-crossing'; feria del libro; redacci??n de la memoria de progreso; redacci??n de la memoria final. Los resultados obtenidos: p??gina web, exposiciones, encuentros con autores, premios literarios, feria del libro.

Experiencia en educación infantil sobre el 'efecto Mozart'.

Se presenta memoria final de proyecto educativo que propone recopilar las obras de Mozart y su reproducción en el aula para fomentar el desarrollo del alumnado de educación infantil. Se realiza en el CEIP María Zambrano en Granada. Los objetivos son: seleccionar unas audiciones musicales de la obra de Mozart elegidas especialmente teniendo en cuenta sus destinatarios; habituar a estos niños de 3 a 5 años a escuchar y a apreciar dicha música; evaluar el grado de apreciación de esta música por parte de los alumnos y observar sus efectos; intentar comprobar la posible influencia de estas audiciones en las aptitudes de los niños como propugna el efecto Mozart.

Transversalidad y conocimiento social.

Los coordinadores de la obra tratan de acercar los contenidos transversales del currículum a la realidad social, a la intervención y al desarrollo comunitario. El libro desarrolla, además, una serie de contenidos transversales como son: el consumo, la salud, interculturalidad y diversidad, educación ambiental y desarrollo comunitario.