Electroactive gold nanoparticles protected by 4-ferrocene thiophenol monolayer

Numerous reports have focused on ferrocene-terminated electroactive self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on a flat An surface but only a few on ferrocene SAMs on An colloid. In this paper, we employ 4-ferrocene thiophenol as a novel capping agent to produce electroactive gold nanoparticles in consideration of the peculiar pi-conjugated structure. Transmission electron microscopy shows the narrow-dispersed gold core with an average core diameter of ca. 2.5 nm. UV/vis spectra examine the pi-conjugated structure of 4-ferrocene thiophenol and surface plasmon absorbance of the indicated gold nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals electronic properties of the An core and thiol ligands. Electrochemical measurement shows that the oxidation peak current is proportional to the scan rate, indicating the electrode process is controlled by adsorbed layer reaction. The formal potential of the Fc-MPCs is compared with that of free ferrocene in MeCN solution and the Fc-SAMs. The shifts are attributed to the phenyl moiety in the 4-ferrocene thiophenol and dielectric constant of the solvation environment.

Photoluminescent organic-inorganic composite films layer-by-layer self-assembled from the rare-earth-containing polyoxometalate Na-9[EuW10O36] and poly(allylamine hydrochloride)

Photoluminescent organic-inorganic composite films incorporating the rare-earth-containing polyoxometalate Na-9[EuW10O36] (EW) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) have been prepared by the layer-by-layer self-assembly method. UV-vis spectroscopy and ellipsometry were used to follow the fabrication process of the EW/PAH composite films. The experimental results show that the deposition process is linear and highly reproducible from layer to layer. An average EW/PAH bilayer thickness of ca. 2.1 nm was determined by ellipsometry. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images of the EW/PAH composite films indicate that the film surface is relatively uniform and smooth. The photoluminescent properties of these films were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy.

Effects of La3+ and Gd3+ on Ca2+ influx in rat hepatoma H-35 cells

Effects of La3+ and Gd3+ on Ca2+ influx were investigated in rat hepatoma H-35 cells by measuring the initial rate of Ca-45(2+) uptake. It was found that the maximum initial rate of Ca2+ uptake was increased six- to ten-fold at low concentrations of La3+ and Gd3+. Kinetic analyses by measuring the initial rate of Ca2+ influx at different external Ca2+ concentrations indicated the existence of two intracellular exchangeable components in the basal Ca2+ system, with low and high affinities for Ca2+, and only one class of Ca2+ binding sites was observed in the La3+- or Gd3+-treated cells. For high affinity, La3+ and Gc(3+) increased both kinetic parameters K-m and V-max of basal Ca2+ influx. La3+ and Gd3+ compete directly with Ca2+ for Ca2+ binding site for low affinity. The kinetics is competitive.

尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒中纤溶组分与铽的相互作用

利用平衡透析、原子吸收、荧光滴定和荧光寿命测定等方法确定了皖南尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒纤溶组分（FP）中Ca（2+）含量，并利用荧光光谱研究了Tb（3+）与FP中色氨酸（Trp）残基之间能量转移和FP中的微区结构。结果表明，每个FP分子中只含有一个Ca(2+)；Tb(3+)可完全取代FP中的Ca(2+)，FP中的Trp残基可将能量转移到结合在FP中的Tb(3+)上；研究还测得Tb(3+)与FP中Trp残基之间的距离约为0．375nm。

钙离子取代对Y_2Cu_2O_5的导电性能的影响及三价铜的表征

本文主要研究了Ca~(2+)取代Y~(3+)后对Y_2Cu_2O_5的导电性能和铜价态的影响。Ca~(2+)取代Y~(3+),使Y_(2-x)Ca_xCu_2O_5中铜的价态升高、样品的电阻率降低。与La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_4作比较,利用化学滴定法、X—射线光电于能谱(XPS)和磁化率测量对Y_(2-x)Ca_xCu_2O_5中的三价铜的存在及其自旋状态进行了表征。

Luminescence of Pb2+ and energy transfer from Pb2+ to rare earth ions in silicate oxyapatites

The Pb2+ luminescence in a series of silicate oxyapatites Me(2)(Y, Gd)(8)(SiO4)(6)O-2, Me(4)Y(6)(SiO4)(6)O (Me = Mg: Ca, Sr) is reported and discussed in relation to the crystal structure. The maximum wavelengths of the excitation (S-1(0)-P-3(1)) and emission (P-3(1)-S-1(0)) bands of Pb2+ are independent of the Mc:Y ratio (2:8 or 4:6) but they have lower energies in MgY-oxyapatites than in CaY- and SrY-oxyapatites. The Stokes shift of Pb2+ luminescence amounts to 11 100 to 11 400 cm(-1): which does not depend strongly on the host composition. There exists a mutual energy transfer between Pb2+ and Gd3+ in Sr2Gd8(SiO4)(6)O-2. At last, the dependence of the energy transfer efficiency of Pb2+-Sm3+, Tb3+: Dy3+ in Sr-2(La: Gd)(8)(SiO4)(6)O-2 and Ca-2(Y, Gd)(8)(SiO4)(6)O-2 on their doping concentrations was studied in more detail.

M(EGTA)配合物的NMR研究

乙二醇-双-(α-氨基乙基醚)四乙酸(EGTA)是一种Ca~(2+)高选择性螯合剂,结合Ca~(2+)能力比Mg~(2+)强10~6倍,被认为是钙结合蛋白钙结合位的理想配位模型。Ca(EGTA)的晶体结构虽已确定,但其溶液结构仍不清楚。考虑Ca~(2+)离子半径(0.99

CaF_2:Ce~(3+)晶体的光谱性质及γ线辐照效应

Ce~(3+)只有一个4f电子,基态能级为~2F_(5/2)和~2F(7/2),两能级差约为2200cm~(-1),Ce~(3+)不同于其它三价稀土离子,一般是d→f跃迁,特征发射为d→~2F_(5/2)和d→~2F_(7/2)跃迁引起的两宽带。CaF_2∶Ce~(3+)晶体中,当Ce~(3+)取代Ca~(2+)时,存在电荷补偿问题。Manthey讨论了CaF_2∶Ce~(3+)中间隙F~-充当电荷剂问题,Feofilov探讨了CaF_2∶Ce~(3+)的氧补偿问题,指出当有氧存在时,它

CaCl_2-KCl熔体结构的X射线衍射分析

用高温液态X射线衍射方法,测定了摩尔比为1∶2的CaCl_2-KCl熔体的径向分布函数。结果表明,熔体中Ca~(2+)-Cl~-、K~+-Cl~-和Cl~--Cl~-离子对间的最近邻距离分别为0.278,0.306和0.380nm.由于Ca~(2+)与Cl-间的强Coulomb作用,在熔融的摩尔比为1∶2的CaCl_2-KGl体系中,Cl~--Cl~-间的最近邻距离明显小于纯KCl熔体中Cl~--Cl~-间的最近邻距离。

KMgF_3中Ce~(3+)的发射中心及取代格位的研究

本文用高温固相扩散反应方法及坩埚下降法制备了KMgF_(3~-)Ce~(3+)及KMg_(1-x)M_xF_(3~-)Ce~(3+)(M=Be~(2+),Ca~(2+))的粉末样品及KMgF_(3~-)Ce~(3+)单晶,测定了它们的激发光谱和发射光谱,发现KMgF_(3~-)Ce~(3+)中存在两种不同的发射中心,且证明了这是不同的电荷补偿途径所致,而不是Ge~(3+)占据了不同的阳离子格位所致.通过X射线四圆衍射仪的检测及Be~(2+)和Ca~(2+)对KMgF_(3~-)Ce~(3+)中Mg~(2+)取代后的光谱变化,推断Ce~(3+)占据KMgF_3中K~+的格位.

新型分离富集剂对重金属离子吸附能力的研究

本文从静态和动态两个方面探讨了各种实验条件对新型分离富集剂吸附能力的影响。结果表明:在静态条件下,Cd~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附平衡时间为1h,Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)为1.5h;富集剂对上述几种离子的吸附速度的顺序是:Pb~(2+)>Cu~(2+)>Zn~(2+)>Cd~(2+);当[Mg~(2+)]<200mg/L,[Ca~(2+)<400mg/L,[K~+]<350mg/L时,此三种金属离子不会干扰对Cu~(2+)的吸附。对于动态吸附,当吸附剂用量为0.1g(对Hg~(2+)),或0.15g(对Cu~(2+)),pH为0.3—8(对Hg~(2+)),3～8(对Cu~(2+))及流速>7mL/min(对Hg~(2+)),或≤10mL/min(对Cu~(2+))时,本富集剂可完全吸附上述两种物质。另外,此富集剂的饱和吸附量为巯基棉的3—20倍,具有很高的吸附能力和很好的稳定性。

N,N,N′,N′,-(四环己基-3-氧戊烷)二酰胺的晶体结构

双酰胺开链冠醚由于合成方便,络合性能好而引起人们的兴趣.Simon等合成了N,N,N′,N′-(四环己基-3-氧戊烷)二酰胺和它的Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)络合物,但未见关于配体晶体结构的报道.我们开展了有关这类化合物的合成及应用研究.本文报导标题化合物的晶体结构.

Cflec-4, a multidomain C-type lectin involved in immune defense of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri

C-type lectins are a superfamily of carbohydrate-recognition proteins which play crucial roles in the innate immunity. In this study, a novel multidomain C-type lectin gene from scallop Chlamys farreri (designated as Cflec-4) was cloned by RACE approach based on EST analysis. The full-length cDNA of Cflec-4 was of 2086 bp. The open reading frame was of 1830 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 609 amino acids, including a signal sequence and four dissimilar carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). The deduced amino acid sequence of CflecA shared high similarities to other C-type lectin family members. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the divergence between the three N-terminal CRDs and the C-terminal one, suggesting that the four CRDs in Cflec-4 originated by repeated duplication of different primordial CRD. The potential tertiary structure of each CRD in Cflec-4 was typical double-loop structure with Ca2+-binding site 2 in the long loop region and two conserved disulfide bridges at the bases of the loops. The tissue distribution of Cflec-4 mRNA was examined by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR. In the healthy scallops, the Cflec-4 transcripts could be only detected in gonad and hepatopancreas, whereas in the Listonella anguillarum challenged scallops, it could be also detected in hemocytes. These results collectively suggested that CflecA was involved in the immune defense of scallop against pathogen infection and provided new insight into the evolution of C-type lectin superfamily. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cloning and characterization of a novel C-type lectin gene from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

In invertebrates, C-type lectins play crucial roles in innate immunity responses by mediating the recognition of host cells to pathogens and clearing microinvaders, which interact with carbohydrates and function as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A novel C-type lectin gene (LvLec) cDNA was cloned from hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei by expressed sequence tag (EST) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The full-length cDNA of LvLec was of 618 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 60 bp and a 3'-UTR of 87 bp with a poly (A) tail. The deduced amino acid sequence of LvLec possessed all conserved features critical for the fundamental structure, such as the four cysteine residues (Cys(53), Cys(128), Cys(144), Cys(152)) involved in the formation of disulfides bridges and the potential Ca2+/carbohydrate-binding sites. The high similarity and the close phylogenetic relationship of LvLec shared with C-type lectins from vertebrates and invertebrates. The structural features of LvLec indicated that it was an invertebrate counterpart of the C-type lectin family. The cDNA fragment encoding the mature peptide of LvLec was recombined and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-pLysS. The recombinant protein (rLvLec) could agglutinate bacteria E. coli JM109 depending on Ca2+, and the agglutination could be inhibited by mannose and EDTA. These results indicated that LvLec was a new member of C-type lectin family and involved in the immune defence response to Gram negative bacteria in Litopenaeus vannamei. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification and characterization of a virulence-associated protease from a pathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescens strain

Pseudomonas fluorescens is an aquaculture pathogen that can infect a number of fish species. The virulence mechanisms of aquatic P. fluorescens remain largely unknown. Many P. fluorescens strains are able to secrete an extracellular protease called AprX, yet no AprX-like proteins have been identified in pathogenic P. fluorescens associated with aquaculture. In this study, a gene encoding an AprX homologue was cloned from TSS, a pathogenic A fluorescens strain isolated from diseased fish. In TSS, AprX is secreted into the extracellular milieu, and the production of AprX is controlled by growth phase and calcium. Mutation of aprX has multiple effects, which include impaired abilities in interaction with cultured host cells, adherence to host mucus, modulation of host immune response, and dissemination and survival in host tissues and blood. Purified recombinant AprX exhibits apparent proteolytic activity, which is optimal at pH 8.0 and 50 degrees C. The protease activity of recombinant AprX is enhanced by Ca2+ and Zn2+ and reduced by Co2+. Cytotoxicity analyses showed that purified recombinant AprX has profound toxic effect on cultured fish cells. These results demonstrate that AprX is an extracellular metalloprotease that is involved in bacterial virulence. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.