968 resultados para By-Laws


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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A presente tese tem como objetivo principal a identificação dos aspectos institucionais, políticos, legais, e econômicos presentes no processo de colonização privada praticados por empresas e famílias nos municípios de São José do Rio Claro e Canarana, ambos no Estado de Mato Grosso. A importância em descortinar tais aspectos se dá em função da necessidade de compreender a colonização privada voltada para pequenos agricultores do Centro-Sul do país, alocados na Amazônia mato-grossense. Os aprofundamentos dessas análises permitirão subsidiar futuros processos de colonização, assim como, mitigar prováveis impactos negativos que se repercutem ainda hoje nesses municípios. A pesquisa foi operacionalizada em estudo de campo em ambos os municípios. A pesquisa bibliográfica e documental procurou levantar os aspectos da história econômica, da ocupação territorial, da presença das organizações e dos processos institucionais que possibilitaram a comercialização das terras e as consequências da colonização privada para pequenos agricultores. Nesse sentido, o estudo confirma a hipótese que a colonização privada ensejou na lógica de produção capitalista latifundiária. O pequeno agricultor do Centro-Sul teve acesso a terra, mas por uma lógica de mercado que possibilitou através das terras devolutas o processo de compra e venda de áreas de tamanhos diversos, até mesmo em quantidades inferiores à permitida pelo órgão oficial do governo. Fomentou a ocupação, o trabalhador rural, principalmente o pequeno também serviu de mão de obra necessária para os grandes projetos capitalistas. Identificou-se que os pequenos produtores não estavam contemplados nos planejamentos das organizações governamentais. A colonização privada empreendida por empresas e famílias se configura como uma continuação da "colonial empresa". A ocupação da Amazônia mato-grossense estabeleceu com a presença das organizações e das instituições públicas e privadas o processo de privatização de terras, tidas por devolutas de Mato Grosso. A burla para a aquisição de terras foi instrumentalizada por leis e organizações que facilitaram a compra junto ao Estado. Essas terras chegaram aos pequenos agricultores do Centro-Sul via comercialização empreendidas pelos colonizadores particulares. Os agricultores migrantes vieram de uma cultura produtiva baseada em um ambiente próprio do sul e sudeste. Em Mato Grosso, enfrentaram dificuldades com o clima e qualidade do solo daqui do Centro-Oeste, gerando uma diferença edafoclimática, limitando a produção agrícola com a cultura que trouxeram. Entre acertos e erros, geraram conhecimentos, próprios de iniciativas endógenas, embora consideram que seu conhecimento de pioneiro não é reconhecido e valorizado nas políticas públicas, que ainda busca assentar pequenos trabalhadores agrícolas.

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The paper has analyzed John R. Commons' contribution to the comprehension of Law and Economics relationship. In contrast to the orthodox economics, Commons has shown that the capitalist economic order emerges and functions regulated by laws and institutions. These approaches made possible to him to understand the nature of the modern capitalist wealth and the problems that time introduces in economic transactions.

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The need to use waste from wood processing industry grows due to environmental demands imposed by laws, so like the need to introduce more competitive products in the market (it means better quality and acceptable cost) who must submit by the rational use of raw material, usually turning waste to sub products, what adds higher value for that. To this research, specific case from Ribon Company, located on Camaçari, Bahia-Brazil, has been studied. It is a treated wood producer. Bulk of monthly wood logs there is 70 m3. Its yield is 71,43%, where bulk of generated waste is monthly 20m3. As an exploitation way from generated waste, it has been suggested some options like: erosion protection to specific areas, a wildlife shelter as an henhouse etc, recreational articles, coal, linings, treadmills. However this research will give focus to the furniture design made of waste. As a conclusion, there is very much need to assign new utilizations to that sub used materials, since there is significant amount to increase company’s productive yield

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Fluoridation of water for human consumption is a method of caries prevention that brings great social benefit, if kept at optimal levels. The increase in the production of bottled water emphasizes the need to verify whether fluoride presence in these waters occurs in sufficient quantity to prevent decay, or if it represents a significant risk of fluorosis. Objective: to compare the concentrations of fluoride present in bottled water to those declared on the labels, and to make a critical analysis of legal norms on the subject. Materials and method: this was a cross-sectional study, through which 22 samples of bottled water sold in state of Ceará, Brazil, were analyzed. Analyses were performed in duplicate by the electrometric method, and results were compared to those printed on the labels. Detailed searches by laws, resolutions, ordinances, and other official documents in force, related to the topic were performed. Results: the fluoride concentrations found ranged from 0.01 to 0.36 mgF/l. Although 72.7% of the samples were classified as fluoridated, the fluoride concentrations observed were shown to be insufficient for caries prevention. As for the rules, situations where they are not clear or even divergent were found. Conclusion: the current legislation on the subject requires updates to become more objective and to create new criteria on the use of the term “fluoridated water”.

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The AAUW- Rock Hill Chapter Records consists of minutes, membership lists, correspondence, newspaper clippings, financial statements, constitutions and by-laws and branch reports of the chapter’s presidents and committee chairmen to the national office, extending from 1925 to 1985.

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The York County Municipal Association Records consist of by-laws, correspondence, minutes, agenda notes and financial records of the organization whose principle objective is to develop the Association as an agency for the cooperation of the municipalities of York County.

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The study that aimed at understanding the dynamics of forced livestock movements and pastoral livelihood and development options was conducted in Lindi and Ruvuma regions, using both formal and informal approaches. Data were collected from 60 randomly selected Agro-pastoralists/Pastoralists and native farmers using a structured questionnaire. Four villages were involved; two in Lindi region (Matandu and Mkwajuni) and the other two in Ruvuma region (Gumbiro and Muhuwesi). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of SPSS to generate means and frequencies. The results indicate that a large number of animals moved into the study area following the eviction order of the government in Ihefu wetlands in 2006/2007. Lindi region was earmarked by the government to receive all the evicted pastoralists. However, by 2008 only 30% of the total cattle that were expected to move into the region had been received. Deaths of many animals on transit, selling of the animals to pay for transportation and other costs while on transit and many pastoralists settling in Coastal and Ruvuma regions before reaching their destinations were reported to be the reasons for the discrepancy observed. To mitigate anticipated conflicts between farmers and pastoralists, Participatory Land Use Management (PLUM) plans were developed in all the study villages in order to demarcate village land area into different uses, including grazing, cropping, settlement and forests. Land units for grazing were supposed to be provided with all necessary livestock infrastructures (dips, charcoal dams, livestock markets and stock routes). However, the land use plans were not able to prevent the anticipated conflicts because most of the livestock infrastructures were lacking, the land use boundaries were not clearly demarcated and there was limited enforcement of village by-laws, since most had not been enacted by the respective district councils. Similarly, the areas allocated for grazing were inadequate for the number of livestock available and thus the carrying capacity exceeded. Thus, land resource-based conflicts between farmers and pastoralists were emerging in the study areas for the reason that most of the important components in the PLUM plans were not in place. Nevertheless, the arrival of pastoralists in the study areas had positive effects on food security and growth of social interactions between pastoralists and farmers including marriages between them. Environmental degradations due to the arrival of livestock were also not evident. Thus, there is a need for the government to purposely set aside enough grazing land with all necessary infrastructures in place for the agro-pastoral/pastoral communities in the country.

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Physicalism, as in this paper, holds that every instance of causation reported by the special sciences is shadowed, even rivaled, by causation at the level of microphysics. The reported "cause" is embodied in one massive collection of microparticle events; the "effect" in another; the former brings about the latter by laws of physics. This paper argues that while individual events in the "cause" collection bring about individual events in the "effect" collection, it does not follow, and is unbelievable, that the "cause" collection itself brings anything about. Causings reported by the special sciences can be traced only at that level.

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Partnering with the Texas Medical Association Alliance "to improve the health of all Texans," the Harris County Medical Society (HCMS) Alliance was organized in 1919 as the HCMS Woman’s Auxiliary. Current membership consists of the spouses of physicians, as well as physicians, in Harris County. http://hcmsa.org/ accessed 11/20/2012 This booklet lists the members of the Auxiliary, officers, programs for September, 1926 – May, 1927, and the organization’s constitution and by-laws. Booklet is 7 1/8 x 4 ½ inches and contains 18 pages.

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This folder contains a single document describing the "rules and orders" of the Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. The document begins by defining the subjects to be taught by the Hollis Professor including natural and experimental philosophy, elements of geometry, and the principles of astronomy and geography. It then outlines the number of public and private lectures to be given to students, how much extra time the professor should spend with students reviewing any difficulties they may encounter understanding class subject matter discussed, and stipulates that the professor's duties shall be restricted solely to his teaching activities and not involve him in any religious activities at the College or oblige him to teach any additional studies other than those specified for the Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Furthermore, the rules establish the professor's salary at £80 per year and allow the professor to receive from students, except those students studying theology under the Hollis Professor of Divinity, an additional fee as determined by the Corporation and Board of Overseers, to supplement his income. Moreover, the rules assert that all professorship candidates selected by the Harvard Corporation must be approved by Thomas Hollis during his lifetime or by his executor after his death. Finally, the rules state that the Hollis professor take an oath to the civil government and declare himself a member of the Protestant reformed religion. This document is signed by Thomas Hollis and four witnesses, John Hollis, Joshua Hollis, Richard Solly, and John Williams.

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Lists of members in each volume; some of these are merely partial lists, members in attendance at the annual meetings, etc.