930 resultados para Butler, Judith
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O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar algumas das mais controversas questões da teoria das capacidades de Martha Nussbaum. Ela sugere que sua abordagem deve ser usada como base para princípios fundamentais e políticos voltados para as mulheres dos países em desenvolvimento. Desta forma, no primeiro capítulo, foram delineados os conceitos da teoria de Nussbaum. Depois de descrever a versão de Nussbaum sobre a abordagem das capacidades, o diálogo da autora com Amartya Sen foi apresentado, pois estes possuem visões particulares sobre a idéia de capacidades. No terceiro capítulo, o debate de Nussbaum com os relativistas culturais revelou o lado universal de sua teoria. A lista de capacidades de Nussbaum busca fornecer o suporte filosófico para a implementação de princípios constitucionais básicos que devem ser respeitados por todas as nações, como o mínimo que o respeito à dignidade humana requer. Por conta disso, este trabalho tentou também descobrir porque Nussbaum nega a importância do welfarismo subjetivo. No último capítulo desta dissertação, foram apresentados os debates de Nussbaum com Judith Butler, Susan Moller Okin e Alison Jaggar porque eles revelam diferentes pontos de vista e conclusões sobre a teoria das capacidades de Nussbaum.
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O presente trabalho objetiva investigar os modos de subjetivação colocados em funcionamento no currículo do Programa de Capacitação de Multiplicadores/as em Gênero e Políticas Públicas proposto pela Federação de Órgãos para Assistência Sócio-Educacional (FASE). Adotando como referencial teórico os estudos do campo do currículo e das relações de gênero produzidos por autores como Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, Alfredo Veiga-Neto, Jorge Larrosa, Guacira Louro e Judith Butler, inspirados em grande medida na obra de Michel Foucault, a noção de currículo é assumida como prática discursiva atravessada por relações de poder-saber e envolvida em processos de subjetivação que intencionam transformar indivíduos em sujeitos privilegiando a dimensão das relações de gênero. A análise de modos de subjetivação em funcionamento no currículo do Programa de Capacitação é efetuada tendo como fonte os documentos que subsidiam suas práticas pedagógicas. A partir de uma perspectiva foucaultiana estes documentos têm seus enunciados e seus campos discursivos correlativos descritos, considerando e problematizando as relações de saber-poder em que se inscrevem. Como resultado, evidencia-se o caráter produtivo do currículo investigado ao colocar em funcionamento modos de subjetivação como investimento de estratégias de governo que sinalizam como devem ser as relações de gênero e em que sentido os indivíduos precisam transformar-se para que estas relações sejam alcançadas.
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O presente trabalho evidencia as relações de gênero no que se refere ao homoerotismo masculino na comunidade de Bacuriteua, no interior de Bragança, Amazônia. Neste complexo universo, busca-se compreender as condições de produção do discurso de negação das práticas afetivo-sexuais entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, assim como, as práticas que problematizam esse discurso. A partir da observação participante realizada junto aos moradores, método da pesquisa de natureza etnográfica, foi possível apreender aspectos singulares do grupo que norteiam as interpretações, relativos ao imaginário mítico, ao trabalho na coleta de caranguejo e às formas de sociabilidade. Dessa forma, a abordagem da pesquisa desenvolve as noções de imaginário de Gilbert Durand (2010) e de socialidade de Michel Maffesoli (2001), destacando principalmente as construções das identidades de gênero a partir de Judith Butler (1990) e suas mobilidades. Os dados apontam para a existência de tensões sociais quanto às práticas homoeróticas por parte dos membros da comunidade, assim como, a não fixidez de uma “identidade gay” e a importância das narrativas ligadas ao ser mítico Ataíde, que operam de maneira ambígua, pois ao mesmo tempo em que as mascaram trazem à tona tais relações.
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Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Since its arrival in Brazil at the beginning of the new century, queer theory – and particularly that variant of it linked to the works of Judith Butler – has been followed, criticized, contested and yet hardly problematicized in its deeper epistemological implications. Although Brazilian scholars have employed meanings and consistent debates regarding the changes that this axis of subaltern knowledge has provoked, there are still few discussions which seek to think about these contributions in the specific Brazilian context, in which categories of gender, sexuality, race and ethnicity link and cross in unique ways, creating experiences that are quite different from those generally discussed by foreign queer theorists. In the present article, I am trying to provoke an anthropophagic reflection, seeking fruitful dialogues with feminisms and post-colonial texts, emphasizing those that focus upon Latin-American reality, in an attempt create tension in our productions – thought in terms of local realities – as these face questions and issues that are also transnational. The idea here is to go beyond translating "queer", towards thinking of a theory informed by these productions, but which also dares to invent itself through questioning our own marginalized experience. In the present article, I look at the short but intense production of Argentine anthropologist Néstor Perlongher, taking it as one of the starting points for the elaboration of a Latin American (but mainly Brazilian) "teoria cu": that which is produced outside of the phallocentric and heteronormative regimes of canonic science.
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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE
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Mallodeta Butler and Erruca Walker, revalidated, are redescribed and revised. Mallodeta henceforth includes only its type-species, Glaucopis (Lycorea) clavata Walker, and Erruca is resurrected with seven species: E. deyrolii Walker (type-species), E. consors (Walker), new combination, E. erythrarchos (Walker), new combination, E. cardinalis (Hampson), new combination, E. hanga (Herrich-Schaffer), new combination, E. cruenta (Perty), new combination and E. sanguipuncta (Druce), new combination. Six new synonyms are established, four specific and two generic (junior synonyms in parentheses): Zygaena capistrata Fabricius (=Mallodeta cubana Gaede), Glaucopis (Lycorea) clavata Walker (=M. simplex Rothschild), Erruca deyrolii Walker (=Laemocharis aecyra Herrich-Schaffer and Glaucopis (Hyda) sortita Walker), and Erruca Walker (=Aristodaema Wallengren and Rezia Kirby). Lectotypes are designated to the following species: Erruca deyrolii Walker, Laemocharis deyrollei Herrich-Schaffer, Laemocharis hanga Herrich-Schaffer, Laemocharis aecyra Herrich-Schaffer, Laemocharis norma Herrich-Schaffer, Cosmosoma cardinalis Hampson and Mallodeta sanguipuncta Druce. Illustrations of adults and male and female genitalia of Mallodeta and Erruca are provided, as well as a key to the species of the latter.
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Este artigo traz resultados de levantamentos da produção acadêmica sobre a introdução do gênero e da sexualidade nas políticas públicas de educação no Brasil entre 1990 e 2009. O conjunto de obras examinadas concentra 73 títulos. Elas acompanham o desenvolvimento das políticas públicas de educação, as quais vêm enfatizando o currículo, e indicam atualmente a construção de uma agenda de políticas voltadas para a diversidade sexual, com a criação de muitos projetos e programas. A maioria dessa produção, muito recente e centrada no Sul e no Sudeste, é composta por dissertações, artigos de divulgação destas e ensaios, com um número reduzido de teses. Por meio da análise desse material identificaram-se dois movimentos analíticos: o uso do conceito de gênero, sob influência de Joan Scott, e, nas produções mais recentes, a crítica ao que Judith Butler denomina de "matriz heterossexual".
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My project explores and compares different forms of gender performance in contemporary art and visual culture according to a perspective centered on photography. Thanks to its attesting power this medium can work as a ready-made. In fact during the 20th century it played a key role in the cultural emancipation of the body which (using a Michel Foucault’s expression) has now become «the zero point of the world». Through performance the body proves to be a living material of expression and communication while photography ensures the recording of any ephemeral event that happens in time and space. My questioning approach considers the gender constructed imagery from the 1990s to the present in order to investigate how photography’s strong aura of realism promotes and allows fantasies of transformation. The contemporary fascination with gender (especially for art and fashion) represents a crucial issue in the global context of postmodernity and is manifested in a variety of visual media, from photography to video and film. Moreover the internet along with its digital transmission of images has deeply affected our world (from culture to everyday life) leading to a postmodern preference for performativity over the more traditional and linear forms of narrativity. As a consequence individual borders get redefined by the skin itself which (dissected through instant vision) turns into a ductile material of mutation and hybridation in the service of identity. My critical assumptions are taken from the most relevant changes occurred in philosophy during the last two decades as a result of the contributions by Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze who developed a cross-disciplinary and comparative approach to interpret the crisis of modernity. They have profoundly influenced feminist studies so that the category of gender has been reassessed in contrast with sex (as a biological connotation) and in relation to history, culture, society. The ideal starting point of my research is the year 1990. I chose it as the approximate historical moment when the intersection of race, class and gender were placed at the forefront of international artistic production concerned with identity, diversity and globalization. Such issues had been explored throughout the 1970s but it was only from the mid-1980s onward that they began to be articulated more consistently. Published in 1990, the book "Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity" by Judith Butler marked an important breakthrough by linking gender to performance as well as investigating the intricate connections between theory and practice, embodiment and representation. It inspired subsequent research in a variety of disciplines, art history included. In the same year Teresa de Lauretis launched the definition of queer theory to challenge the academic perspective in gay and lesbian studies. In the meantime the rise of Third Wave Feminism in the US introduced a racially and sexually inclusive vision over the global situation in order to reflect on subjectivity, new technologies and popular culture in connection with gender representation. These conceptual tools have enabled prolific readings of contemporary cultural production whether fine arts or mass media. After discussing the appropriate framework of my project and taking into account the postmodern globalization of the visual, I have turned to photography to map gender representation both in art and in fashion. Therefore I have been creating an archive of images around specific topics. I decided to include fashion photography because in the 1990s this genre moved away from the paradigm of an idealized and classical beauty toward a new vernacular allied with lifestyles, art practices, pop and youth culture; as one might expect the dominant narrative modes in fashion photography are now mainly influenced by cinema and snapshot. These strategies originate story lines and interrupted narratives using models’ performance to convey a particular imagery where identity issues emerge as an essential part of fashion spectacle. Focusing on the intersections of gender identities with socially and culturally produced identities, my approach intends to underline how the fashion world has turned to current trends in art photography and in some case turned to the artists themselves. The growing fluidity of the categories that distinguish art from fashion photography represents a particularly fruitful moment of visual exchange. Varying over time the dialogue between these two fields has always been vital; nowadays it can be studied as a result of this close relationship between contemporary art world and consumer culture. Due to the saturation of postmodern imagery the feedback between art and fashion has become much more immediate and then increasingly significant for anyone who wants to investigate the construction of gender identity through performance. In addition to that a lot of magazines founded in the 1990s bridged the worlds of art and fashion because some of their designers and even editors were art-school graduates encouraging innovation. The inclusion of art within such magazines aimed at validating them as a form of art in themselves supporting a dynamic intersection for music, fashion, design and youth culture: an intersection that also contributed to create and spread different gender stereotypes. This general interest in fashion produced many exhibitions of and about fashion itself at major international venues such as the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York. Since then this celebrated success of fashion has been regarded as a typical element of postmodern culture. Owing to that I have also based my analysis on some important exhibitions dealing with gender performance like "Féminin-Masculin" at the Centre Pompidou of Paris (1995), "Rrose is a Rrose is a Rrose. Gender performance in photography" at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum of New York (1997), "Global Feminisms" at the Brooklyn Museum (2007), "Female Trouble" at the Pinakothek der Moderne in München together with the workshops dedicated to "Performance: gender and identity" in June 2005 at the Tate Modern of London. Since 2003 in Italy we have had Gender Bender - an international festival held annually in Bologna - to explore the gender imagery stemming from contemporary culture. In few days this festival offers a series of events ranging from visual arts, performance, cinema, literature to conferences and music. Being aware that any method of research is neither race nor gender neutral I have traced these critical paths to question gender identity in a multicultural perspective taking account of the political implications too. In fact, if visibility may be equated with exposure, we can also read these images as points of intersection of visibility with social power. Since gender assignations rely so heavily on the visual, the postmodern dismantling of gender certainty through performance has wide-ranging effects that need to be analyzed. In some sense this practice can even contest the dominance of visual within postmodernism. My visual map in contemporary art and fashion photography includes artists like Nan Goldin, Cindy Sherman, Hellen van Meene, Rineke Dijkstra, Ed Templeton, Ryan McGinley, Anne Daems, Miwa Yanagi, Tracey Moffat, Catherine Opie, Tomoko Sawada, Vanessa Beecroft, Yasumasa Morimura, Collier Schorr among others.
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La finalità di questa tesi è un excursus a posteriori sulle derive degli estremismi ideologici come il femminismo e la misoginia. Ci si è avvalsi delle teorie di studiosi quali Freud, Lacan, Weininger, Simone de Beauvoir, come anche Maria Zambrano, Adriana Cavarero, John Berger, Judith Butler, Luce Irigay, Camille Paglia e altri esponenti pertinenti alla materia analizzata. Si è infine concluso con le teorie innovative di Silvia Montefoschi, formulando una soluzione ipotetica alle discriminazioni di genere, applicabile al campo socio-linguistico.