Solvent-controlled assembling by hydrogen bridges and halogen-halogen interactions of novel organotin oxo clusters

The crystal structure of the novel methylene-bridged tetraorganodistannoxane {[Ph(HO)SnCH₂Sn(I)Ph]O}₄ (1) depends on the solvent it is crystallised from and is controlled by hydrogen bridges and interhalogen interactions.

Lifecycle cost and CO2 emission comparison of conventional and rationalized bridges

The construction industry consumes a great deal of natural resources and energy in constructing, maintaining and demolishing their products such as buildings and bridges. These activities lead significant impacts on global and regional environments in addition to their economic expenses. In this research, the lifecycle cost (LCC) and lifecycle CO₂ (LCCO₂) emission of newly developed bridges, including the minimized girder, rationalized box-girder and rationalized truss bridges, are quantified and compared with those of the conventional I-girder, box-girder and truss bridges. It was found that the newly developed types of bridges have lower values in both LCC and LCCO₂ than the corresponding conventional bridges do. The effects of span lengths on LCC and LCCO₂ are studied for both conventional and rationalized bridges. The characteristics of LCC and LCCO₂ are investigated over the lifecycle of a bridge including its construction, maintenance and replacement stages.

Mourning and commemoration in Australia : the case of Sir W. T. Bridges and the unknown Australian soldier

The bodies of only two of 60,000 Australians who died in the Great War have been repatriated. The first - Sir W. l Bridges - is known; the other is unknown: the body of an unknown Australian soldier was returned in 1993 and entombed in the Australian War Memorial. The return of each offers insight into the ways in which the experience of death in the Great War was changing modes of grief and commemoration. While Bridges' return allowed public expression of private grief under new and terrible circumstances, an evolving culture of commemoration in the Great War made the public celebration of the one, known, man largely incompatible with the private grief of thousands.

Single molecule conductance through rigid norbornylogous bridges with zero average curvature

A new homologous series of norbornylogous (NB) bridges has been synthesized in which the average curvature of the bridges is very small. The molecules are rigid and have two thiol moieties at each end to allow them to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and to connect to two gold electrodes to form a molecular junction. The SAMs formed were characterized using electrochemistry to determine the surface coverage of molecules on gold surface and to provide an indication of the packing of the NB bridges while ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to provide an indication of the SAM thickness and orientation. Single molecule conductance of NB bridges was measured as a function of the molecular length. The conductance was found to decrease exponentially with the length with a decay constant that is exactly correlated with photoelectron transfer and other studies at the multiple molecule level. The molecule−electrode contact resistance was determined and compared with that of related alkanedithiol molecular junctions.

Evaluating the stability of disulfide bridges in proteins: a torsional potential energy surface for diethyl disulfide

Disulfide bonds formed by the oxidation of cysteine residues in proteins are the major form of intra- and inter-molecular covalent linkages in the polypeptide chain. To better understand the conformational energetics of this linkage, we have used the MP2(full)/6-31G(d) method to generate a full potential energy surface (PES) for the torsion of the model compound diethyl disulfide (DEDS) around its three critical dihedral angles (χ2, χ3, χ2′). The use of ten degree increments for each of the parameters resulted in a continuous, fine-grained surface. This allowed us to accurately predict the relative stabilities of disulfide bonds in high resolution structures from the Protein Data Bank. The MP2(full) surface showed significant qualitative differences from the PES calculated using the Amber force field. In particular, a different ordering was seen for the relative energies of the local minima. Thus, Amber energies are not reliable for comparison of the relative stabilities of disulfide bonds. Surprisingly, the surface did not show a minimum associated with χ2 − 60°, χ390, χ2′ − 60°. This is due to steric interference between Hα atoms. Despite this, significant populations of disulfides were found to adopt this conformation. In most cases this conformation is associated with an unusual secondary structure motif, the cross-strand disulfide. The relative instability of cross-strand disulfides is of great interest, as they have the potential to act as functional switches in redox processes.

Bridges

Bridges is a hand-drawn film. Some elements have been printed onto clear acatate that has then been glued onto a clear film surface, which itself has been prepared by bleaching away parts of the sound and image of the original film, a documentary about bridges.The sound develops a chant like quality using the rhythm of a race call and a the commentary of a football match. A celebration of the Australian voice.

The silent witness: art as a mode of representation of voices and visions of how,as a woman, I build borders and bridges in enacting my identit(ies)

Feminist theorists unveil how women negotiate their identities within complex entanglements of social constructs such as race, ethnicity, religious belief and practices, cultural tradition, and values. Feminist artists use subjective experiences that shape representation and performativity in empowering women to have a ‘voice’. In this paper, I focus on ‘breaking silences’ through series of my artworks (as part of my PhD research) that represent self-narratives as subjectivities of life experiences, contingencies, and cultural shifts through migration transitions as new ways of figuration and reflection on such issues. I look through discourses of gender differences, nomadic subjectivity, and new ways of figurations (Braidotti 2011, 10) and the affect theory (Gregg and Seigworth 2010), and the concept of giving ‘voice’ (Berlant 2011). Such discourses frame how I interrogate and represent my gendered identities.