Longitudinal clinical and serological survey of abdominal angiostrongyliasis in Guaporé, southern Brazil, from 1995 to 1999

Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis, a nematode with an intra-vascular location in the mesentery. Our objective was to address several aspects of the natural history of this parasitosis, in a longitudinal clinical and seroepidemiological study. A total of 179 individuals living in a rural area with active transmission in southern Brazil were followed for five years (1995-1999) resulting in yearly prevalence of 28.2%, 4.2%, 10%, 20.2% and 2.8% and incidences of 0%, 5.9%, 8% and 1.5%, respectively. Both men and woman were affected with higher frequencies at age 30-49 years. In 32 individuals serum samples were collected at all time points and IgG antibody reactivity detected by ELISA was variable and usually persisting not longer than one year. Some individual antibody patterns were suggestive of re-infection. There was no association with occurrence of abdominal pain or of other enteroparasites and there was no individual with a confirmed (histopathologic) diagnosis. Mollusks were found with infective third-stage larvae in some houses with an overall prevalence of 16% and a low parasitic burden. In conclusion, abdominal angiostrongyliasis in southern Brazil may be a frequent infection with low morbidity and a gradually decreasing serological reactivity.

Prevalence and predictors of positive tuberculin skin test results in a research laboratory

Latent tuberculosis was studied in a research laboratory. A prevalence of positive tuberculin skin test results (> 15mm) of 20% was found and the main predictors were place of birth in a foreign country with high prevalence of tuberculosis and a history of contact with patients with untreated active tuberculosis.

Provide instructions and resources for assessment and training in earth building: the Pirate project

This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Risk factors associated with hantavirosis fatality: a regional analysis from a case-control study in Brazil

Introduction: In Brazil, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) has a high lethality rate that varies by region. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with fatal hantavirosis. Methods: This study was a case-control study that included all laboratory confirmed cases of hantavirosis. The cases were stratified by the different Brazilian regions using data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. “Cases” were patients who progressed to death, whereas “controls” were patients who were cured. The odds ratio (OR) and the adjusted OR were calculated. Results: Overall, 158 cases and 281 controls were included in this study. In the Midwest region, the cases were 60% less likely to present with flank pain, and the time between the beginning of symptoms and death was shorter than the time between the beginning of symptoms and a cure. In the Southeast region, the cases were 60% less likely to present with thrombocytopenia or reside in rural areas compared to those who progressed to a cure. Additionally, the cases sought medical assistance, notification and investigation more quickly than the controls. In the Southern region, the cases that died were 70% less likely to be male compared to the controls. Conclusions: HCPS manifests with nonspecific symptoms, and there are few published studies related to the condition, so determining a patient's therapeutic strategy is difficult. This study presents findings from different Brazilian regions and highlights the need for further investigations to improve comprehension about regional risk factors associated with hantavirosis and to reduce morbimortality.

Ten years of a hantavirus disease emergency in the Federal District, Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hantavirus diseases are emerging human diseases caused by Hantavirus spp. of the Bunnyaviridae family. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) has been detected in the Federal District (DF) of Brazil since 2004. Among the 27 Brazilian Federal Units, DF has the highest fatality rate. More than 10 years have already passed since then, with confirmation of cases caused by the Araraquara and Paranoa species. The reservoir is Necromys lasiurus. METHODS: Local surveillance data of the confirmed cases were analyzed, including age, sex, month and year of occurrence, clinical symptoms, syndromes and outcomes, and probable transmission place (PTP). The cases were mainly confirmed by IgM detection with a capture enzyme immunoassay. The cases were classified as autochthonous if PTPs were in the DF area. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2013, in the DF, 126 cases of hantavirus were confirmed, and the cumulative incidence was 5.0 per 100,000 inhabitants. The occurrence of cases was predominantly from April to August. At least 75% of the cases were autochthonous. Acute respiratory failure was reported in 47.5% of cases, and the fatality rate was 40%. CONCLUSIONS: In the DF, the cumulative incidence of HPS was one of the highest worldwide. A seasonal pattern of hantavirus disease in the dry season is clear. There was a high frequency of severe clinical signals and symptoms as well as a high fatality rate. For the near future, visitors and inhabitants of DF rural areas, particularly male adults, should receive continuous education about hantavirus transmission and prevention.

Dual anterior descending coronary artery associated with coronary artery disease

The patient is a male with risk factors for coronary artery disease, who was referred for cardiac catheterization after acute myocardial infarction in the inferior wall. The patient underwent transluminal coronary angioplasty in the right coronary artery with successful stent implantation.

Tratamento cirúrgico sem circulação extracorpórea de arteriopatia relacionada com arterite de Takayasu envolvendo aorta e vasos da base

Relatamos o caso de duas pacientes portadoras de arterite de Takayasu, encaminhadas ao nosso serviço onde as lesões acometiam a aorta torácica descendente e os vasos da base e, em uma delas, lesão obstrutiva crítica do óstio da coronária esquerda. Ambas as pacientes foram operadas sem circulação extracorpórea, com heparinização plena e auxílio de autotransfusão.

PREVALENCIA DE INFECCION POR VIRUS HEPATITIS C, B Y VIH EN PACIENTES ALCOHOLISTAS DE LA CIUDAD DE CORDOBA

La Hepatitis C y B, junto al alcoholismo, continúan siendo un verdadero problema de Salud Pública. Sin embargo, actualmente no existen datos locales que nos permitan estimar la prevalencia de infección por virus hepatotropos en pacientes alcoholistas, sus genotipos, distrubución geográfica, ni su asociación con determinado tipo de alcoholismo. Además, la co-infección del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) con los virus de hepatitis supone un impacto muy importante desde el punto de vista sanitario y estadístico en nuestro país, ya que alrededor del 50 por ciento de los pacientes VIH positivos presentan dicha coinfección. Es así que, por ser de interés sanitario y por compartir vías de transmisión con el virus de hepatitis B y C, nos parece adecuado estudiar también la presencia de VIH-1 en esta población. Nuestro centro de atención pública (IPAD), atiende a pacientes con trastornos por el consumo de sustancias; deshabitúa y rehabilita alcoholistas y a otros trastornos por consumo. Dichos pacientes, que viven en la ciudad capital, serán evaluados serológicamente para la detección de virus hepatotropos C-B y el VIH. Considerando que en nuestra institución se atiende a un 70 % de Alcoholistas Puros (con un promedio de 7 pacientes nuevos por día), nos resulta importante pesquisar la prevalencia de Virus C, B y VIH en nuestra población de alcoholistas. Toda esta problemática, es la propuesta de mi tesis doctoral. Hipótesis: estimamos encontrar en nuestra población de estudio cifras superiores a la prevalencia de estos virus publicada en bancos de sangre, lo cual se toma como referencia. Objetivos: -Conocer la prevalencia de infección por Virus de Hepatitis C, B y VIH-1 en pacientes alcoholistas de la ciudad de Córdoba, determinar si existe asociación de estos virus con algún tipo de alcoholismo, e identificar genotipos prevalentes y su distribución geográfica en Córdoba. Se incluirán en forma prospectiva y aleatorea, pacientes que concurren por primera vez, de ambos sexos, mayores de 21 años, alcoholistas puros (Gama-Delta-Epsilon de Jellinek). Se confeccionará una ficha, previo consentimiento informado, que permitirá categorizar al "tipo de bebedor". Se les realizará Serología para HCV, Ag HBs (en caso de reactividad se adicionará el Anti HBcore) y VIH. En caso de la positividad serológica, se procederá al frisado de los mismos, para la Genotipificación correspondiente. La recolección, captura y procesamiento de los datos se realizarán en una planilla o ficha. Luego se reubicarán en una base electrónica de datos y se harán los análisis estadísticos de los mismos. Resultados esperados: estimamos encontrar, coincidiendo con la bibliografía, un aumento en la prevalencia de estos virus. Creemos que pueden existir diferencias en los distintos tipos de alcoholismo debido a las diversas situaciones de riesgo a las que se exponen (más exposición en el Gama de Jellineck). Por esto esperamos encontrar un aumento en la prevalencia del Virus C, especialmente en el tipo consuetudinario (delta de Jellineck) por los trastornos nutritivos derivados del modo de consumo. Posiblemente esto pueda ser la llave de otros estudios que puedan esclarecer una vía de transmisión desconocida para este virus. De la misma manera, identificar los distintos genotipos existentes en nuestra ciudad y su distribución, y que como sabemos tiene implicancia en la evolución, y en los costos por el tiempo de tratamiento. Esta información será un aporte para programar medidas de vigilancia epidemiológica adecuada, elaborar estrategias preventivas además de aplicar el tratamiento correspondiente a los pacientes infectados que se detecten como tal durante el desarrollo del proyecto.

Análise da mortalidade e das internações por doenças cardiovasculares em Niterói, entre 1998 e 2007

FUNDAMENTO: A redução da mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares é observada no Brasil há anos, atribuída à queda nos fatores de risco, melhora na terapêutica e diminuição da mortalidade hospitalar. OBJETIVO: Comparar a mortalidade populacional, o coeficiente de internação e a mortalidade hospitalar em unidades do Sistema Único de Saúde, para doença isquêmica do coração (DIC), doenças cerebrovasculares (DCBV) e insuficiência cardíaca (IC), no município de Niterói, entre 1998 e 2007. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados o número de óbitos e o de internações e mortalidade hospitalar de residentes em Niterói para o capítulo IX do CID10 e causas específicas disponíveis no Datasus, na população de 30 anos e mais. A diferença entre a magnitude dos indicadores foi calculada para homens e mulheres considerando a média do primeiro triênio menos a média do segundo triênio. RESULTADOS: Houve queda dos coeficientes de mortalidade populacional em homens e mulheres, para todas as faixas etárias, nos três grupos de causas e para o capítulo IX. A tendência à queda dos coeficientes diminuiu com a idade. Para DIC houve queda na mortalidade hospitalar. Para DCBV e IC, aumento. Os coeficientes de internação hospitalar por DIC diminuíram, com exceção de algumas faixas. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo permitiu esclarecer alguns aspectos da morbimortalidade cardiovascular em Niterói. A redução da mortalidade populacional e hospitalar por DIC indica haver melhor qualidade na abordagem dessa condição. O aumento da mortalidade hospitalar por DCBV e IC aponta para a necessidade de se dar maior atenção à qualidade do cuidado hospitalar para esses grupos de doenças.

Um novo índice de doppler tecidual para a predição de fibrilação atrial futura em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca

FUNDAMENTO: O aparecimento de Fibrilação Atrial (FA) em pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) está em geral associado a uma alta ocorrência de complicações cardiovasculares. Constatou-se que a relação E/(E' × S') (E = velocidade transmitral diastólica inicial, E' = velocidade diastólica inicial no anel mitral e S = velocidade sistólica no anel mitral) reflete a pressão de enchimento do ventrículo esquerdo. Objetivo: Investigamos se E/(E' × S') poderia ser um preditor de FA de início recente em pacientes com IC. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 113 pacientes consecutivos hospitalizados com IC, em ritmo sinusal, após o tratamento médico adequado. Os pacientes com histórico de FA, imagens ecocardiográficas inadequadas, cardiopatia congênita, ritmo acelerado, doença valvar primária significativa, síndrome coronariana aguda, revascularização coronária durante o seguimento, doença pulmonar ou insuficiência renal grave não foram incluídos. E/(E' × S') foi determinado utilizando a média das velocidades das bordas septal e lateral do anel mitral. A meta principal do estudo foi a FA de início recente. RESULTADOS: Durante o período de seguimento (35,7 ± 11,2 meses), 33 pacientes (29,2%) desenvolveram FA. A média de E/(E' × S') foi de 3,09 ± 1,12 nesses pacientes, ao passo que foi de 1,72 ± 1,34 no restante (p < 0,001). O corte de relação E/(E' × S') ótima para predizer FA de início recente foi de 2,2 (88% de sensibilidade, 77% de especificidade). Havia 64 pacientes (56,6%) com E/(E' × S') < 2,2 e 49 (43,4%) com E/(E '× S') > 2,2. A FA de início recente foi maior em pacientes com E/(E' × S') > 2,2 que em pacientes com E/(E' × S') < 2,2 [29 (59,1%) versus 4 (6,2%), p < 0,001]. Na análise multivariada de Cox incluindo as variáveis que previram FA em análise univariada, a relação E/(E' × S') foi o único preditor independente de FA de início recente (relação de risco = 2,26, 95% de intervalo de confiança = 1,25 - 4,09, p = 0,007). CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com IC, a relação E/(E' × S') parece ser um bom preditor de FA de início recente.

Hepatology - A Clinical Textbook, Fifth Edition

Hepatology is an ever - changing field. The editors and authors of Hepatology − A Clinical Textbook have made every effort to provide information that is accurate and complete as of thedate of publication. However, in view of the rapid changes occurring in medical science, as well as the possibility of human error, this book may contain technical inaccuracies, typographical or other errors. Readers are advised to check the product information currently provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the recommen ded dose, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the treating physician who relies on experience and knowledge about the patient to determine dosages and the best treatment for the patient. The informa tion contained herein is provided "as is" and without warranty of any kind. The editors and Flying Publisher & Kamps disclaim responsibility for any errors or omissions or for results obtained from the use of information contained herein.

Short Guide to Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a rapidly developing area of medicine – diagnostic tools are ever more refined, and entirely new treatments and treatment strategies are arriving, with more on the horizon. And because the virus affects such a large and varying population – up to 170 million at last count – we think it is important to have a pocket reference especially devoted to hepatitis C. We look forward to your comments on the usefulness of our 2014 Short Guide to Hepatitis C, which is an expansion and update of the HCV chapters in Hepatology – A Clinical Textbook (2014), also published by Flying Publisher. As always, we invite qualified people everywhere to translate this book into other languages, and make them available widely. This web-based free-of- harge concept is made possible by unrestricted educational grants from the pharmaceutical industry and has allowed the material to reach countries usually not covered by print media. We are convinced that this new pocket guide concept, focusing here on hepatitis C, will become a valuable source of information for our readers.

Kultivation und Imagination in den neuen Medien

Imagination, cultivation, HCI, Human-Computer Interaction, development, website, case study, interaction, interface, identity

Anatomically informed basis functions

Neuroimaging, functional image analysis, spatial model, cortical surface, spatially variable convolution

middleware for cooperating mobile embedded systems

Mobile embedded systems, wireless communication, real-time systems, real-time scheduling, communication protocols, cooperation, reliability and fault-tolerance, middleware