Big endotelina-1 e óxido nítrico em pacientes idosos hipertensos com e sem síndrome da apneia-hipopneia obstrutiva do sono

FUNDAMENTO: O papel do estresse oxidativo em pacientes idosos hipertensos com síndrome de apneia-hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) é desconhecido. Objetivo: O objetivo foi avaliar os níveis de Big Endotelina-1 (Big ET-1) e Óxido Nítrico (NO) em pacientes idosos hipertensos com e sem SAHOS moderada a grave. MÉTODOS: Os voluntários permaneceram internados durante 24 horas. Obtivemos os seguintes dados: índice de massa corporal (IMC), Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial (MAPA) - 24 horas, e medicação atual. Sangue arterial foi coletado às 7:00 h e às 19:00 h para determinar níveis plasmáticos de NO e Big ET-1. A oximetria de pulso foi realizada durante o sono. A correlação de Pearson, Spearman e análise de variância univariada foram utilizadas para a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 25 sujeitos com SAHOS (grupo 1) e 12 sem SAHOS (grupo 2), com idades de 67,0 ± 6,5 anos, 67,8 ± 6,8 anos, respectivamente. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em IMC; no número de horas de sono; PA diastólica e sistólica em 24 h; PA de vigília; PA no sono; ou medicamentos usados para controlar a PA. Não foram detectadas diferenças nos níveis de NO e Big ET-1 plasmáticos às 19:00 h, mas às 7:00 h os níveis de de Big ET-1 foram mais altos (p = 0,03). No grupo 1, correlação negativa também foi observada entre a saturação de oxihemoglobina arterial média e a PA sistólica - 24 horas (p = 0,03, r = -0,44), e Big ET-1 (p = 0,04, r = 0,41). CONCLUSÕES: Na comparação entre idosos hipertensos com e sem SAHOS com PA e IMC semelhantes, observou-se níveis mais elevados de Big ET-1 após o sono no grupo SAHOS. Os níveis de NO não diferiram entre os pacientes hipertensos com ou sem SAHOS.

The relation of the concentration of macronutrients in the substrate and in the foliage to cell wall thickness and cellulose concentration in the xylem of slash pine (Pinus elliotti)

Sand culture experiments, using a sub-irrigation technique, were installed in order to find out the effects of the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S on growth, aspect, mineral composition, length of fibers, thickness of cell wall and cellulose concentration in slash pine. The aim was to obtain, under controlled conditions, basic information which could eventually lead to practical means designed to increase the rate of growth and to make of slash pine a richer source of cellulose. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Nitrogen was supplied initially at the levels of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; phosphorus was given at the rates of 5, 10 and 20 ppm; potassium was supplied at the rates of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; six months after the experiment was started the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Others macro and all micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates. Fifteen hours of illumination per day were provided. The experimental technique for growing the slash pine seedlings proved quite satisfactory. Symptoms of deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed, described and recorded in photographs and water colors. These informations will help to identify abnormalities which may appear under field conditions. Chemical analysis of the several plant parts, on the other hand, give a valuable means to assess the nutritional status of slash pine, thus confirming when needed, the visual diagnosis. The correctness of manurial pratices, on the other hand, can be judged with the help of the analytical data tabulated. Under the experimental conditions nitrogen caused the highest increases on growth, as measured by increments in height and dry weights, whereas the effects of phosphorus and potassium were less marked. Cellulose concentration was not significantly affected by the treatments used. Higher levels of N seemed to decrease both length of fiber elements and the thickness of cell wall. The effects of P and K were not well defined. Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Calcium was supplied initially at the levels of 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm; magnesium and sulfur were given at the rates of 6, 12.5 and 25 ppm. Other macro and micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates, common to all treatments. Three months after starting the experiment the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Symptoms of deficiency of calcium, magnesium and sulfur were observed, described and recorded as in the case of the previous experiment. Chemical analysis were made, both for mineral content and cellulose concentration. Length of fibers and thickness of cell wall were measured. Both calcium and magnesium increase height, sulfur failing to give significant response. Dry weight was beneficially affected by calcium and sulfur. The levels of calcium, magnesium and sulfur in the needles associated with deficiency and maximum growth are comparable with those found in the literature. Cellulose concentration increased when the level of sulfur in the substrate was raised. The thickness of cell wall was negatively affected by the treatments; no effect was observed with regards to length of fibers.

New salamanders of the genus Oedipus : with a synoptical key / by E. R. Dunn ; Reports on results of the Captain Marshall Field expeditions.

v.12:no.7(1924)

Sites of the reserve phase: Pine Lawn Valley, western New Mexico / [by] Paul S. Martin [and] John B. Rinaldo.

v.38:no.3(1950)

The small species of Belostoma (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae): I. Key to species groups and a revision of the denticolle group

A key to species groups of the genus Belostoma Latreille, 1807, using new taxonomic characters are presented as well as the revision of the four species included in the denticolle group: B. denticolle Montandon, 1903, and three new species: B. orbiculatum from eastern Argentina and southern Brazil, B. retusum from eastern Argentina and B. amazonum from northern Brazil which are described and illustrated.

A new species of Chondria with a key to the Bornean species (Coleptera : Endomychidae) / H. F. Strohecker.

v.34:no.32(1955)

Turkey Foot Ridge site, a Mogollon village: Pine Lawn Valley, western New Mexico / [by] Paul S. Martin [and] John B. Rinaldo.

v.38:no.2(1950)

Amphibians and reptiles of the Big Bend region of Texas, by Karl P. Schmidt and Tarleton F. Smith.

v.29:no.5(1944)

Cochise and Mogollon sites, Pine Lawn Valley, western New Mexico / Paul S. Martin, John B. Rinaldo [and] Ernst Antevs.

v.38:no.1(1949)

Preliminary key to the turtles, lizards, and amphisbaenians of Iran [by] Steven C. Anderson.

v.65:no.4(1974)

First record of Chaunus achavali (Anura, Bufonidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with a key for the identification of the species in the Chaunus marinus group

The bufonid toad Chaunus achavali, a recently described species known only from Uruguay, is recorded for Brazil. This species is morphologically similar to C. ictericus and C. arenarum, and several individuals were labeled in Brazilian scientific collections under these taxa. A lectotype of C. arenarum is designated. Additional field notes on C. achavali and a key for the identification of the species in the Chaunus marinus group are presented.

Freshwater sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) indicators of some coastal habitats in South America: redescriptions and key to identification

Surveys for freshwater sponges were performed at several water bodies at sandy environments along a north-south direction of particularly the Brazilian coastal line. The results allowed for the distinction of four different species-specific environments along this coastal border. The main fact considered was the dominant or the sole recurrent occurrence of a single sponge species at one particular habitat. The first one is that of the lagoonal mesohaline habitats at the tropical and subtropical realms, indicated by Spongilla alba Carter, 1849. The second one refers to shallow ponds among dunes at the tropical area indicated by Corvoheteromeyenia heterosclera (Ezcurra de Drago, 1974). The third one is that of also shallow ponds close to the dune belt at the temperate region indicated by Racekiela sheilae (Volkmer-Ribeiro, De Rosa-Barbosa & Tavares, 1988). The fourth one is that of organically enriched environments, at the marginal areas of lagoons and mouth of small rivers, evolving towards freshwater muddy ponds and coastal swamps, not far from the ocean border: Ephydatia facunda Weltner, 1895 is the species to occupy this habitat with almost exclusiveness. The above species are thus proposed as indicators of such habitats and have their descriptions improved and that of their environments summarized. A taxonomic key based on the spicules of the four species is proposed. The results presented aim to contribute to the identification of spicules of these sponges in sediment columns recovered at the Brazilian and South American coastal area. Determination of paleo ocean borders are a present issue of upmost importance in what respects projections of timing and fluctuations of ascending/regressing sea levels.

Oligocene sedimentation, stratigraphy, paleoecology and paleoclimatology in the big Badlands of South Dakota [by] John Clark, James R. Beerbower [and] Kenneth K. Kietzke.

v.5(1967)

Investigation of the classification of the rodent genus Eumys from the Middle Oligocene of the Big Badlands of South Dakota using multivariate statistical analysis / Sue Vilhauer Rosser --.

v.39:no.3(1978)