Physics potential of a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using a J-PARC neutrino beam and Hyper-Kamiokande

Hyper-Kamiokande will be a next generation underground water Cherenkov detector with a total (fiducial) mass of 0.99 (0.56) million metric tons, approximately 20 (25) times larger than that of Super-Kamiokande. One of the main goals of HyperKamiokande is the study of CP asymmetry in the lepton sector using accelerator neutrino and anti-neutrino beams. In this paper, the physics potential of a long baseline neutrino experiment using the Hyper-Kamiokande detector and a neutrino beam from the J-PARC proton synchrotron is presented. The analysis uses the framework and systematic uncertainties derived from the ongoing T2K experiment. With a total exposure of 7.5 MW × 10⁷ s integrated proton beam power (corresponding to 1.56 × 10²² protons on target with a 30 GeV proton beam) to a 2.5-degree off-axis neutrino beam, it is expected that the leptonic CP phase δCP can be determined to better than 19 degrees for all possible values of δCP , and CP violation can be established with a statistical significance of more than 3 σ (5 σ) for 76% (58%) of the δCP parameter space. Using both νe appearance and νµ disappearance data, the expected 1σ uncertainty of sin²θ₂₃ is 0.015(0.006) for sin²θ₂₃ = 0.5(0.45).

MIRACLE Approaches to Multilingual Information Retrieval: A Baseline for Future Research

This paper describes the first set of experiments defined by the MIRACLE (Multilingual Information RetrievAl for the CLEf campaign) research group for some of the cross language tasks defined by CLEF. These experiments combine different basic techniques, linguistic-oriented and statistic-oriented, to be applied to the indexing and retrieval processes.

Systematic Analysis of Direct-Drive Baseline Designs for Shock-Ignition with the Laser Megajoule

Direct-drive inertial confinement thermonuclear fusion consists in illuminating a shell of cryogenic Deuterium and Tritium (DT) mixture with many intense beams of laser light. Capsule is composed of DT gassurrounded by cryogenic DT as combustible fuel. Basic rules are used to define shell geometry from aspect ratio, fuel mass and layers densities. We define baseline designs using two aspect ratio (A=3 and A=5) who complete HiPER baseline design (A=7.7). Aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of ice DT shell inner radius over DT shell thickness. Low aspect ratio improves hydrodynamics stabilities of imploding shell. Laser impulsion shape and ablator thickness are initially defined by using Lindl (1995) pressure ablation and mass ablation formulae for direct-drive using CH layer as ablator. In flight adiabat parameter is close to one during implosion. Velocitie simplosions chosen are between 260 km/s and 365 km/s. More than thousand calculations are realized for each aspect ratio in order to optimize the laser pulse shape. Calculations are performed using the one-dimensional version of the Lagrangian radiation hydrodynamics FCI2. We choose implosion velocities for each initial aspect ratio, and we compute scaled-target family curves for each one to find self-ignition threshold. Then, we pick points on each curves that potentially product high thermonuclear gain and compute shock ignition in the context of Laser MegaJoule. This systematic analyze reveals many working points which complete previous studies ´allowing to highlight baseline designs, according to laser intensity and energy, combustible mass and initial aspect ratio to be relevant for Laser MegaJoule.

Baseline of soil CO2 flux in the Hontomin site (Burgos, Spain)

Baseline of soil CO2 flux in the Hontomin site (Burgos, Spain)

CO2 soil flux baseline at the technological development plant for CO2 injection at Hontomin (Burgos, Spain)

From the end of 2013 and during the following two years, 20 kt of CO2sc are planned to be injected in a saline reservoir (1500 m depth) at the Hontomín site (NE Spain). The target aquifers are Lower Jurassic limestone formations which are sealed by Lower Cretaceous clay units at the Hontomín site (NE Spain). The injection of CO2 is part of the activities committed in the Technology Development phase of the EC-funded OXYCFB300 project (European Energy Program for Recovery – EEPR, http://www.compostillaproject.eu), which include CO2 injection strategies, risk assessment, and testing and validating monitoring methodologies and techniques. Among the monitoring works, the project is intended to prove that present-day technology is able to monitor the evolution of injected CO2 in the reservoir and to detect potential leakage. One of the techniques is the measurement of CO2 flux at the soil–atmosphere interface, which includes campaigns before, during and after the injection operations. In this work soil CO2 flux measurements in the vicinity of oil borehole, drilled in the eighties and named H-1 to H-4, and injection and monitoring wells were performed using an accumulation chamber equipped with an IR sensor. Seven surveys were carried out from November 2009 to summer 2011. More than 4000 measurements were used to determine the baseline flux of CO2 and its seasonal variations. The measured values were low (from 5 to 13 g m−2 day−1) and few outliers were identified, mainly located close to the H-2 oil well. Nevertheless, these values cannot be associated to a deep source of CO2, being more likely related to biological processes, i.e. soil respiration. No anomalies were recognized close to the deep fault system (Ubierna Fault) detected by geophysical investigations. There, the CO2 flux is indeed as low as other measurement stations. CO2 fluxes appear to be controlled by the biological activity since the lowest values were recorded during autumn-winter seasons and they tend to increase in warm periods. Two reference CO2 flux values (UCL50 of 5 g m−2 d−1 for non-ploughed areas in autumn–winter seasons and 3.5 and 12 g m−2 d−1 for in ploughed and non-ploughed areas, respectively, in spring–summer time, and UCL99 of 26 g m−2 d−1 for autumn–winter in not-ploughed areas and 34 and 42 g m−2 d−1 for spring–summer in ploughed and not-ploughed areas, respectively) were calculated. Fluxes higher than these reference values could be indicative of possible leakage during the operational and post-closure stages of the storage project.

Systematic analysis of direct-drive baseline designs for shock ignition with the Laser MégaJoule

We present direct-drive target design studies for the laser mégajoule using two distinct initial aspect ratios (A = 34 and A = 5). Laser pulse shapes are optimized by a random walk method and drive power variations are used to cover a wide variety of implosion velocities between 260 km/s and 365 km/s. For selected implosion velocities and for each initial aspect ratio, scaled-target families are built in order to find self-ignition threshold. High-gain shock ignition is also investigated in the context of Laser MégaJoule for marginally igniting targets below their own self-ignition threshold.

Multi-Camera very wide baseline feature matching based on view-adaptive junction detection

This paper presents a strategy for solving the feature matching problem in calibrated very wide-baseline camera settings. In this kind of settings, perspective distortion, depth discontinuities and occlusion represent enormous challenges. The proposed strategy addresses them by using geometrical information, specifically by exploiting epipolar-constraints. As a result it provides a sparse number of reliable feature points for which 3D position is accurately recovered. Special features known as junctions are used for robust matching. In particular, a strategy for refinement of junction end-point matching is proposed which enhances usual junction-based approaches. This allows to compute cross-correlation between perfectly aligned plane patches in both images, thus yielding better matching results. Evaluation of experimental results proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in very wide-baseline environments.

Identification of intermediate debonding damage in FRP-plated RC beams based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization without updated baseline model

Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRP) have found widespread usage in the repair and strengthening of concrete structures. FRP composites exhibit high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and are convenient to use in repair applications. Externally bonded FRP flexural strengthening of concrete beams is the most extended application of this technique. A common cause of failure in such members is associated with intermediate crack-induced debonding (IC debonding) of the FRP substrate from the concrete in an abrupt manner. Continuous monitoring of the concrete?FRP interface is essential to pre- vent IC debonding. Objective condition assessment and performance evaluation are challenging activities since they require some type of monitoring to track the response over a period of time. In this paper, a multi-objective model updating method integrated in the context of structural health monitoring is demonstrated as promising technology for the safety and reliability of this kind of strengthening technique. The proposed method, solved by a multi-objective extension of the particle swarm optimization method, is based on strain measurements under controlled loading. The use of permanently installed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors embedded into the FRP-concrete interface or bonded onto the FRP strip together with the proposed methodology results in an automated method able to operate in an unsupervised mode.

Eotaxin is required for the baseline level of tissue eosinophils

Eotaxin is an eosinophil-selective chemokine that is constitutively expressed in a variety of organs such as the intestine. Previous studies have demonstrated that the recruitment of eosinophils during inflammation is partially dependent on eotaxin, but the function of constitutive eotaxin during homeostasis has not been examined. To elucidate the biological role of this molecule, we now examine tissue levels of eosinophils in healthy states in wild-type and eotaxin-deficient mice. The lamina propria of the jejunum of wild-type mice is demonstrated to express eotaxin mRNA, but not mRNA for the related monocyte chemoattractant proteins. Wild-type mice contained readily detectable eosinophils in the lamina propria of the jejunum. In contrast, mice genetically deficient in eotaxin had a large selective reduction in the number of eosinophils residing in the jejunum. The reduction of tissue eosinophils was not limited to the jejunum, because a loss of thymic eosinophils was also observed in eotaxin-deficient mice. These studies demonstrate that eotaxin is a fundamental regulator of the physiological trafficking of eosinophils during healthy states. Because a variety of chemokines are constitutively expressed, their involvement in the baseline trafficking of leukocytes into nonhematopoietic tissue should now be considered.

Baseline serum cholestanol as predictor of recurrent coronary events in subgroup of Scandinavian simvastatin survival study

Objectives: To investigate whether baseline serum cholestanol:cholesterol ratio, which is negatively related to cholesterol synthesis, could predict reduction of coronary events in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study.

Secondary prevention in coronary heart disease: baseline survey of provision in general practice

Objective: To determine secondary preventive treatment and habits among patients with coronary heart disease in general practice.

Very-long-baseline radio interferometry surveys of the compact structure in active galactic nuclei.

Very-long-baseline radio interferometry (VLBI) imaging surveys have been undertaken since the late 1970s. The sample sizes were initially limited to a few tens of objects but the snapshot technique has now allowed samples containing almost 200 sources to be studied. The overwhelming majority of powerful compact sources are asymmetric corejects of one form or another, most of which exhibit apparent superluminal motion. However 5-10% of powerful flat-spectrum sources are 100-parsec (pc)-scale compact symmetric objects; these appear to form a continuum with the 1-kpc-scale double-lobed compact steep-spectrum sources, which make up 15-20% of lower frequency samples. It is likely that these sub-galactic-size symmetric sources are the precursors to the large-scale classical double sources. There is a surprising peak around 90 degrees in the histogram of misalignments between the dominant source axes on parsec and kiloparsec scales; this seems to be associated with sources exhibiting a high degree of relativistic beaming. VLBI snapshot surveys have great cosmological potential via measurements of both proper motion and angular size vs. redshift as well as searches for gravitational "millilensing."