1000 resultados para Ba al Zion


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Bibelkommentar

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Bibelkommentar

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el trabajo de tesis de licenciatura en antropologa social de Vidal titulado Una aproximacin al movimiento por la semilla campesina de Misiones aborda un tema central en una provincia como Misiones, donde el concepto de desarrollo sustentable es leitmotiv de muchas intervenciones promovidas por poblaciones locales, ONGs, agencias gubernamentales e incluso empresas privadas. El objetivo de aunar conservacin con desarrollo en la gestin de recursos naturales incluye en la actualidad tanto a territorios, poblaciones humanas, como a diversas especies animales y vegetales, tal es el caso de las semillas, objeto de esta investigacin de tesis

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Four samples of Nauru Basin basalts (Cores 94 to 109 of Hole 462A, sub-bottom depth 1077-1209 m) have 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the range 0.7037 to 0.7038, which is distinctly higher than the ratios of N-type MORB. The Rb contents of the samples are depleted in comparison with those of MORB and ocean-island basalts. These chemical and isotopic characteristics are identical to those of the basalts previously drilled during Leg 61 (Cores 75 to 90 of Hole 462A), and are explained in terms of inhomogeneity of the source region in the mantle or later alteration effects. Sr/Ca-Ba/Ca systematics of 15 samples from Cores 462A-94 to 462A-109 and 14 samples from Cores 462A-75 to 462A-90 suggest that the Nauru Basin basalts are derived from a mantle peridotite by 20 to 30% partial melting with subsequent Plagioclase crystallization.

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Abundances of rare earth elements (REE), Ba, and Sr and isotopic ratios of Sr, Nd, and Ce were determined for six samples of basalts drilled at Hole 504B on Leg 111 of the Ocean Drilling Program. Analyses found that these basalts are the most depleted in Sr, Ba, and light REE among mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB); Ba depletion is especially notable. On the other hand, Sr, Nd, and Ce isotopic ratios for basalts from Hole 504B are within the range of typical MORB values.

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The evolution of productivity, redox conditions, temperature, and ventilation during the deposition of an Aegean sapropel (S1) is independently constrained using bulk sediment composition and high-resolution single specimen benthic foraminiferal trace metal and stable isotope data. The occurrence of benthic foraminifer, Hoeglundina elegans (H. elegans), through a shallow water (260 m) sapropel, permits for the first time a comparison between dissolved and particulate concentrations of Ba and Mn and the construction of a Mg/Ca-based temperature record through sapropel S1. The simultaneous increase in sedimentary Ba and incorporated Ba in foraminiferal test carbonate, (Ba/Ca)H. elegans, points to a close coupling between Ba cycling and export productivity. During sapropel deposition, sedimentary Mn content ((Mn/Al)sed) is reduced, corresponding to enhanced Mn2+ mobilization from sedimentary Mn oxides under suboxic conditions. The consequently elevated dissolved Mn2+ concentrations are reflected in enhanced (Mn/Ca)H. elegans levels. The magnitude and duration of the sapropel interruption and other short-term cooling events are constrained using Mg/Ca thermometry. Based on integrating productivity and ventilation records with the temperature record, we propose a two-mode hysteresis model for sapropel formation.

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La metodologa Integrated Safety Analysis (ISA), desarrollada en el rea de Modelacin y Simulacin (MOSI) del Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN), es un mtodo de Anlisis Integrado de Seguridad que est siendo evaluado y analizado mediante diversas aplicaciones impulsadas por el CSN; el anlisis integrado de seguridad, combina las tcnicas evolucionadas de los anlisis de seguridad al uso: deterministas y probabilistas. Se considera adecuado para sustentar la Regulacin Informada por el Riesgo (RIR), actual enfoque dado a la seguridad nuclear y que est siendo desarrollado y aplicado en todo el mundo. En este contexto se enmarcan, los proyectos Safety Margin Action Plan (SMAP) y Safety Margin Assessment Application (SM2A), impulsados por el Comit para la Seguridad de las Instalaciones Nucleares (CSNI) de la Agencia de la Energa Nuclear (NEA) de la Organizacin para la Cooperacin y el Desarrollo Econmicos (OCDE) en el desarrollo del enfoque adecuado para el uso de las metodologas integradas en la evaluacin del cambio en los mrgenes de seguridad debidos a cambios en las condiciones de las centrales nucleares. El comit constituye un foro para el intercambio de informacin tcnica y de colaboracin entre las organizaciones miembro, que aportan sus propias ideas en investigacin, desarrollo e ingeniera. La propuesta del CSN es la aplicacin de la metodologa ISA, especialmente adecuada para el anlisis segn el enfoque desarrollado en el proyecto SMAP que pretende obtener los valores best-estimate con incertidumbre de las variables de seguridad que son comparadas con los lmites de seguridad, para obtener la frecuencia con la que stos lmites son superados. La ventaja que ofrece la ISA es que permite el anlisis selectivo y discreto de los rangos de los parmetros inciertos que tienen mayor influencia en la superacin de los lmites de seguridad, o frecuencia de excedencia del lmite, permitiendo as evaluar los cambios producidos por variaciones en el diseo u operacin de la central que seran imperceptibles o complicados de cuantificar con otro tipo de metodologas. La ISA se engloba dentro de las metodologas de APS dinmico discreto que utilizan la generacin de rboles de sucesos dinmicos (DET) y se basa en la Theory of Stimulated Dynamics (TSD), teora de fiabilidad dinmica simplificada que permite la cuantificacin del riesgo de cada una de las secuencias. Con la ISA se modelan y simulan todas las interacciones relevantes en una central: diseo, condiciones de operacin, mantenimiento, actuaciones de los operadores, eventos estocsticos, etc. Por ello requiere la integracin de cdigos de: simulacin termohidrulica y procedimientos de operacin; delineacin de rboles de sucesos; cuantificacin de rboles de fallos y sucesos; tratamiento de incertidumbres e integracin del riesgo. La tesis contiene la aplicacin de la metodologa ISA al anlisis integrado del suceso iniciador de la prdida del sistema de refrigeracin de componentes (CCWS) que genera secuencias de prdida de refrigerante del reactor a travs de los sellos de las bombas principales del circuito de refrigerante del reactor (SLOCA). Se utiliza para probar el cambio en los mrgenes, con respecto al lmite de la mxima temperatura de pico de vaina (1477 K), que sera posible en virtud de un potencial aumento de potencia del 10 % en el reactor de agua a presin de la C.N. Zion. El trabajo realizado para la consecucin de la tesis, fruto de la colaboracin de la Escuela Tcnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energa y la empresa de soluciones tecnolgicas Ekergy Software S.L. (NFQ Solutions) con el rea MOSI del CSN, ha sido la base para la contribucin del CSN en el ejercicio SM2A. Este ejercicio ha sido utilizado como evaluacin del desarrollo de algunas de las ideas, sugerencias, y los algoritmos detrs de la metodologa ISA. Como resultado se ha obtenido un ligero aumento de la frecuencia de excedencia del dao (DEF) provocado por el aumento de potencia. Este resultado demuestra la viabilidad de la metodologa ISA para obtener medidas de las variaciones en los mrgenes de seguridad que han sido provocadas por modificaciones en la planta. Tambin se ha mostrado que es especialmente adecuada en escenarios donde los eventos estocsticos o las actuaciones de recuperacin o mitigacin de los operadores pueden tener un papel relevante en el riesgo. Los resultados obtenidos no tienen validez ms all de la de mostrar la viabilidad de la metodologa ISA. La central nuclear en la que se aplica el estudio est clausurada y la informacin relativa a sus anlisis de seguridad es deficiente, por lo que han sido necesarias asunciones sin comprobacin o aproximaciones basadas en estudios genricos o de otras plantas. Se han establecido tres fases en el proceso de anlisis: primero, obtencin del rbol de sucesos dinmico de referencia; segundo, anlisis de incertidumbres y obtencin de los dominios de dao; y tercero, cuantificacin del riesgo. Se han mostrado diversas aplicaciones de la metodologa y ventajas que presenta frente al APS clsico. Tambin se ha contribuido al desarrollo del prototipo de herramienta para la aplicacin de la metodologa ISA (SCAIS). ABSTRACT The Integrated Safety Analysis methodology (ISA), developed by the Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN), is being assessed in various applications encouraged by CSN. An Integrated Safety Analysis merges the evolved techniques of the usually applied safety analysis methodologies; deterministic and probabilistic. It is considered as a suitable tool for assessing risk in a Risk Informed Regulation framework, the approach under development that is being adopted on Nuclear Safety around the world. In this policy framework, the projects Safety Margin Action Plan (SMAP) and Safety Margin Assessment Application (SM2A), set up by the Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) of the Nuclear Energy Agency within the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), were aimed to obtain a methodology and its application for the integration of risk and safety margins in the assessment of the changes to the overall safety as a result of changes in the nuclear plant condition. The committee provides a forum for the exchange of technical information and cooperation among member organizations which contribute their respective approaches in research, development and engineering. The ISA methodology, proposed by CSN, specially fits with the SMAP approach that aims at obtaining Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty values of the safety variables to be compared with the safety limits. This makes it possible to obtain the exceedance frequencies of the safety limit. The ISA has the advantage over other methods of allowing the specific and discrete evaluation of the most influential uncertain parameters in the limit exceedance frequency. In this way the changes due to design or operation variation, imperceptibles or complicated to by quantified by other methods, are correctly evaluated. The ISA methodology is one of the discrete methodologies of the Dynamic PSA framework that uses the generation of dynamic event trees (DET). It is based on the Theory of Stimulated Dynamics (TSD), a simplified version of the theory of Probabilistic Dynamics that allows the risk quantification. The ISA models and simulates all the important interactions in a Nuclear Power Plant; design, operating conditions, maintenance, human actuations, stochastic events, etc. In order to that, it requires the integration of codes to obtain: Thermohydraulic and human actuations; Even trees delineation; Fault Trees and Event Trees quantification; Uncertainty analysis and risk assessment. This written dissertation narrates the application of the ISA methodology to the initiating event of the Loss of the Component Cooling System (CCWS) generating sequences of loss of reactor coolant through the seals of the reactor coolant pump (SLOCA). It is used to test the change in margins with respect to the maximum clad temperature limit (1477 K) that would be possible under a potential 10 % power up-rate effected in the pressurized water reactor of Zion NPP. The work done to achieve the thesis, fruit of the collaborative agreement of the School of Mining and Energy Engineering and the company of technological solutions Ekergy Software S.L. (NFQ Solutions) with de specialized modeling and simulation branch of the CSN, has been the basis for the contribution of the CSN in the exercise SM2A. This exercise has been used as an assessment of the development of some of the ideas, suggestions, and algorithms behind the ISA methodology. It has been obtained a slight increase in the Damage Exceedance Frequency (DEF) caused by the power up-rate. This result shows that ISA methodology allows quantifying the safety margin change when design modifications are performed in a NPP and is specially suitable for scenarios where stochastic events or human responses have an important role to prevent or mitigate the accidental consequences and the total risk. The results do not have any validity out of showing the viability of the methodology ISA. Zion NPP was retired and information of its safety analysis is scarce, so assumptions without verification or approximations based on generic studies have been required. Three phases are established in the analysis process: first, obtaining the reference dynamic event tree; second, uncertainty analysis and obtaining the damage domains; third, risk quantification. There have been shown various applications of the methodology and advantages over the classical PSA. It has also contributed to the development of the prototype tool for the implementation of the ISA methodology (SCAIS).

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From its humble beginnings as a small workshop established by Tom Baa in 1874, the Bata Shoe Company became a gigantic concern in the 1920s, built on the principles of scientific management and welfare capitalism. The growth of the company engulfed Zln (in todays Czech Republic), its hometown, and transformed it into a modern industrial garden city satisfying the needs of both a growing industrial population, and those of the company itself. As a reaction to the aftermath of the crisis of 1929, the enterprise began a strategy of decentralization and international expansion characterized by the design and construction of a series of modern industrial towns that replicated the model of Zln around the globe. This study is an exhaustive survey of these cities, their rationale, design, and their postindustrial conditions; it is a comparative work that has used field trips, photography, interviews, and archival material to explain the logics behind Batas project, to document the design and implementation of the model to multiple contexts and geographies, and to evaluate of the urban legacy of this undertaking. Finally, the research explores the question of what can the design disciplines, and other parties involved, learn from a full synthesis on the history and urbanism of the Bata satellite cities with regard to the re-imagination and sustainability of contemporary industry-sponsored interventions in developing geographies. RESUMEN Con origen en un humilde y pequeo taller fundado en 1874 por Tom Baa, la Bata Shoe Company creci hasta convertirse en una gigantesca empresa en los anos 20, fundada en principios de control cientfico de la produccin y capitalismo de bienestar. El crecimiento de la compaa se extendi por Zln (en la actual Repblica Checa), su pueblo de nacimiento, y la transform en una moderna ciudad jardn industrial capaz de satisfacer las necesidades tanto de una poblacin en alza como de la propia empresa. Como reaccin a la crisis de 1929, Bata inici una estrategia de descentralizacin y expansin internacional caracterizada por el proyecto y construccin de modernas ciudades industriales que replicaron el modelo de Zln por el mundo. Esta tesis es un estudio exhaustivo de estas ciudades: las razones detrs del proyecto, su diseo, y su condicin post-industrial; es un estudio comparativo que se ha servido de trabajo de campo, documentacin fotogrfica, entrevistas y materiales de archivo para explicar la lgica detrs del proyecto de Bata, documentar el diseo e implementacin de tal modelo en mltiples contextos y geografas, y valorar el legado urbano de esta empresa. Finalmente, la investigacin evala qu podran aprender las disciplinas del diseo y otras partes implicadas de una sntesis completa de la historia y el urbanismo de las ciudades satlite de Bata, en lo relativo a la reinvencin y sostenibilidad de proyectos contemporneos de la industria en geografas en desarrollo.