Decision making in beach volleyball defense: Crucial factors derived from interviews with top-level experts

Objectives: In fast ball sports like beach volleyball, decision-making skills are a determining factor for excellent performance. The current investigation aimed to identify factors that influence the decisionmaking process in top-level beach volleyball defense in order to find relevant aspects for further research. For this reason, focused interviews with top players in international beach volleyball were conducted and analyzed with respect to decision-making characteristics. Design: Nineteen world-tour beach volleyball defense players, including seven Olympic or world champions, were interviewed, focusing on decision-making factors, gaze behavior, and interactions between the two. Methods: Verbal data were analyzed by inductive content analysis according to Mayring (2008). This approach allows categories to emerge from the interview material itself instead of forcing data into preset classifications and theoretical concepts. Results: The data analysis showed that, for top-level beach volleyball defense, decision making depends on opponent specifics, external context, situational context, opponent's movements, and intuition. Information on gaze patterns and visual cues revealed general tendencies indicating optimal gaze strategies that support excellent decision making. Furthermore, the analysis highlighted interactions between gaze behavior, visual information, and domain-specific knowledge. Conclusions: The present findings provide information on visual perception, domain-specific knowledge, and interactions between the two that are relevant for decision making in top-level beach volleyball defense. The results can be used to inform sports practice and to further untangle relevant mechanisms underlying decision making in complex game situations.

Beyond questionnaires – Exploring adult education teachers' mathematical beliefs with pictures and interviews

Because of the impact that mathematical beliefs have on an individual’s behaviour, they are generally well researched. However, little mathematical belief research has taken place in the field of adult education. This paper presents preliminary results from a study conducted in this field in Switzerland. It is based on Ernest’s (1989) description of mathematics as an instrumental, Platonist or problem solving construct. The analysis uses pictures drawn by the participants and interviews conducted with them as data. Using a categorising scheme developed by Rolka and Halverscheid (2011), the author argues that adults’ mathematical beliefs are complex and especially personal aspects are difficult to capture with said scheme. Particularly the analysis of visual data requires a more refined method of analysis.

Reliability of operational data from pig herds and performance ratings by veterinarians and pig farmers collected during telephone interviews for the evaluation of a PCV2 piglet vaccination

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a telephone survey in gaining an understanding of the possible herd and management factors influencing the performance (i.e. safety and efficacy) of a vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in a large number of herds and to estimate customers¿ satisfaction.ResultsDatasets from 227 pig herds that currently applied or have applied a PCV2 vaccine were analysed. Since 1-, 2- and 3-site production systems were surveyed, the herds were allocated in one of two subsets, where only applicable variables out of 180 were analysed. Group 1 was comprised of herds with sows, suckling pigs and nursery pigs, whereas herds in Group 2 in all cases kept fattening pigs. Overall 14 variables evaluating the subjective satisfaction with one particular PCV2 vaccine were comingled to an abstract dependent variable for further models, which was characterized by a binary outcome from a cluster analysis: good/excellent satisfaction (green cluster) and moderate satisfaction (red cluster). The other 166 variables comprised information about diagnostics, vaccination, housing, management, were considered as independent variables. In Group 1, herds using the vaccine due to recognised PCV2 related health problems (wasting, mortality or porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome) had a 2.4-fold increased chance (1/OR) of belonging to the green cluster. In the final model for Group 1, the diagnosis of diseases other than PCV2, the reason for vaccine administration being other than PCV2-associated diseases and using a single injection of iron had significant influence on allocating into the green cluster (P¿<¿0.05). In Group 2, only unchanged time or delay of time of vaccination influenced the satisfaction (P¿<¿0.05).ConclusionThe methodology and statistical approach used in this study were feasible to scientifically assess ¿satisfaction¿, and to determine factors influencing farmers¿ and vets¿ opinion about the safety and efficacy of a new vaccine.

At risk or not at risk? A meta-analysis of the prognostic accuracy of psychometric interviews for psychosis prediction

An accurate detection of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis is a prerequisite for effective preventive interventions. Several psychometric interviews are available, but their prognostic accuracy is unknown. We conducted a prognostic accuracy meta-analysis of psychometric interviews used to examine referrals to high risk services. The index test was an established CHR psychometric instrument used to identify subjects with and without CHR (CHR+ and CHR-). The reference index was psychosis onset over time in both CHR+ and CHR- subjects. Data were analyzed with MIDAS (STATA13). Area under the curve (AUC), summary receiver operating characteristic curves, quality assessment, likelihood ratios, Fagan's nomogram and probability modified plots were computed. Eleven independent studies were included, with a total of 2,519 help-seeking, predominately adult subjects (CHR+: N=1,359; CHR-: N=1,160) referred to high risk services. The mean follow-up duration was 38 months. The AUC was excellent (0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.93), and comparable to other tests in preventive medicine, suggesting clinical utility in subjects referred to high risk services. Meta-regression analyses revealed an effect for exposure to antipsychotics and no effects for type of instrument, age, gender, follow-up time, sample size, quality assessment, proportion of CHR+ subjects in the total sample. Fagan's nomogram indicated a low positive predictive value (5.74%) in the general non-help-seeking population. Albeit the clear need to further improve prediction of psychosis, these findings support the use of psychometric prognostic interviews for CHR as clinical tools for an indicated prevention in subjects seeking help at high risk services worldwide.

Marta Linz {[u.a.], Ganzfigurbildnis, dirigierend

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F10913

Marta Linz, Kniestück, mit Violine

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F10914

Marta Linz als Violinspielerin {[u.a.], Szenenfoto, in: Paul Wegener: Unter Ausschluß der Öffentlichkeit

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F11631

Identificación de la pobreza rural y algunas estrategias de intervención : Mendoza (Argentina)

En Mendoza, Argentina, más del 60 % de los productores agrícolas tiene predios menores de 10 ha, algunos de ellos con modelos productivos que no alcanzan para la sustentabilidad del grupo familiar. La presente investigación identifica la situación actual de la población estudiada, mediante variables de ingreso familiar, grado de asociativismo, características de la comercialización y algunas prácticas de gestión, para establecer comparaciones entre grupos poblacionales. Se trabajó en una muestra de productores regantes del Río Mendoza. Para los de menos de 10 ha se agregó un cuestionario complementario que indagó sobre niveles de asociación y sus resultados. Se analizó con mayor detalle el sector vitícola y olivícola con nuevas encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad. El 42 % de los productores tiene vid, el 30 % olivos y el 28 % horticultura, fruticultura y floricultura. El mayor nivel de asociación se encuentra entre los viticultores. En los demás sectores, éste es muy bajo o nulo. En la comparación de grupos, los mayores niveles de pobreza están en los productores de menos de 10 ha y baja tecnología. Además, en el sector vitícola, los menores niveles de ingreso se encuentran en aquellos no asociados y en toda la población estudiada la pobreza es mayor en el sector asalariado que en los propietarios de la tierra. Este proyecto identifica la capacitación como una de las acciones para mejorar la situación socioeconómica de los productores.

Videla de Rivero, Gloria; Castellino, Marta Elena (Eds.). Literatura de las regiones argentinas. Buenos Aires, FFy L/ CELIM, 2004, 248 p .

Fil: Ivars, Lorena Ángela.

La significación que le otorgan a la institucionalización de adultos mayores las familias y cuidadores formales del Hogar Santa Marta

Nuestros padres envejecen y viven mucho más tiempo. Quedó lejos la época en que los ancianos eran grupos de sabios, ricos en experiencia, guardianes de las tradiciones y portadores del saber. En el siglo XVII se era viejo a los cuarenta, al comienzo del siglo XXI muchas personas se sienten jóvenes a los sesenta o setenta años. Las sociedades modernas muestran altos índices de población adulta mayor, denominado este fenómeno envejecimiento poblacional. Como vemos, los progresos de la medicina y el bienestar han logrado mejoras sensibles en la salud y las condiciones de vida de las personas de edad avanzada. El promedio de vida se ha elevado con la ayuda de la ciencia, la tecnología y la mejora en la calidad de vida. La naturaleza real del proceso de envejecimiento hace difícil medir y definir cuando una persona es vieja. Actualmente, además de la edad, cuentan otras características personales como el estado físico, enfermedades, historia personal, familiar y profesional. Es decir que se envejece de una manera diferenciada. Como manifiesta Mónica Roqué “El envejecimiento es un proceso largo que comienza cuando nacemos y finaliza con la muerte. Desde el punto de vista individual, es inexorable, todos envejecemos. La edad física (cronológica) es una variable importante, pero no la única, puesto que no todas las personas envejecen o cambian físicamente al mismo tiempo sino que la historia de vida, su salud, educación, trabajo, nutrición, relaciones familiares, etc., diferencian a las personas en la vejez". Hablar brevemente de envejecimiento me lleva a señalar que el tema en cuestión fue escogido porque en nuestro país la institucionalización de Adultos Mayores se haconvertido en una realidad socialmente relevante, ya que “Las cifras del envejecimiento revelan en la Argentina, en consonancia con las tendencias a nivel mundial, el incremento de la población en la franja de los mayores de sesenta años y el aumento de la longevidad. En este contexto poblacional, especialmente por el aumento de los diversos tipos de dependencia, se ha originado en la segunda mitad del siglo XX el incremento de la institucionalización".

Dominguez, Marta S., dir., y otros. 2013. Fantasía e ironía en Jorge Luis Borges y Ezequiel Martínez Estrada. Bahía Blanca: Editorial de la Universidad Nacional del Sur. 180 pp.

Fil: Pascual, Yanina Paola. Universidad Nacional del Sur