Asentamientos humanos intermedios en las estrategias de organización territorial en América Latina y el Caribe = Middle-rank human settlements in territorial organization strategies in Latin America and the Caribbean

Incluye Bibliografía

Stable singularities of co-rank one quasi homogeneous map germs from (ℂn+1, 0) to (ℂn, 0), n = 2, 3

In this article, we investigate the geometry of quasi homogeneous corank one finitely determined map germs from (ℂn+1, 0) to (ℂn, 0) with n = 2, 3. We give a complete description, in terms of the weights and degrees, of the invariants that are associated to all stable singularities which appear in the discriminant of such map germs. The first class of invariants which we study are the isolated singularities, called 0-stable singularities because they are the 0-dimensional singularities. First, we give a formula to compute the number of An points which appear in any stable deformation of a quasi homogeneous co-rank one map germ from (ℂn+1, 0) to (ℂn, 0) with n = 2, 3. To get such a formula, we apply the Hilbert's syzygy theorem to determine the graded free resolution given by the syzygy modules of the associated iterated Jacobian ideal. Then we show how to obtain the other 0-stable singularities, these isolated singularities are formed by multiple points and here we use the relation among them and the Fitting ideals of the discriminant. For n = 2, there exists only the germ of double points set and for n = 3 there are the triple points, named points A1,1,1 and the normal crossing between a germ of a cuspidal edge and a germ of a plane, named A2,1. For n = 3, there appear also the one-dimensional singularities, which are of two types: germs of cuspidal edges or germs of double points curves. For these singularities, we show how to compute the polar multiplicities and also the local Euler obstruction at the origin in terms of the weights and degrees. © 2013 Pushpa Publishing House.

Genetic associations among average annual productivity, growth traits, and stayability: A parallel between Nelore and composite beef cattle

This study was conducted to examine the relationship among average annual productivity of the cow (PRODAM), yearling weight (YW), postweaning BW gain (PWG), scrotal circumference (SC), and stayability in the herd for at least 6 yr (STAY) of Nelore and composite beef cattle. Measurements were taken on animals born between 1980 and 2010 on 70 farms located in 7 Brazilian states. Estimates of heritability and genetic and environmental correlations were obtained by Bayesian approach with 5-trait animal models. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing means of estimated breeding values by year of birth. The heritability estimates were between 0.14 and 0.47. Estimates of genetic correlation among female traits (PRODAM and STAY) and growth traits ranged from-0.02 to 0.30. Estimates of genetic correlations ranged from 0.23 to 0.94 among growth traits indicating that selection for these traits could be successful in tropical breeding programs. Genetic correlations among all traits were favorable and simultaneous selection for growth, productivity, and stayability is therefore possible. Genetic correlation between PRODAM and STAY was 0.99 and 0.85 for Nelore and composite cattle, respectively. Therefore, PRODAM and STAY might be influenced by many of the same genes. The inclusion of PRODAM instead of STAY as a selection criterion seems to be more advantageous for tropical breeding programs because the generation interval required to obtain accurate estimates of genetic merit for PRODAM is shorter. Average annual genetic changes were greater in Nelore than in composite cattle. This was not unexpected because the breeding program of composite cattle included a large number of farms, different production environments, and genetic level of the herds and breeds. Thus, the selection process has become more difficult in this population. © 2013 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

Massive spin-2 particle from a rank-2 tensor

Here we obtain all possible second-order theories for a rank-2 tensor which describe a massive spin-2 particle. We start with a general second-order Lagrangian with ten real parameters. The absence of lower-spin modes and the existence of two local field redefinitions leads us to only one free parameter. The solutions are split into three one-parameter classes according to the local symmetries of the massless limit. In the class which contains the usual massive Fierz-Pauli theory, the subset of spin-1 massless symmetries is maximal. In another class where the subset of spin-0 symmetries is maximal, the massless theory is invariant under Weyl transformations and the mass term does not need to fit into the form of the Fierz-Pauli mass term. In the remaining third class neither the spin-1 nor the spin-0 symmetry is maximal and we have a new family of spin-2 massive theories. © 2013 American Physical Society.

Cysteine proteinase inhibitors regulate human and mouse osteoclastogenesis by interfering with RANK signaling

The cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C inhibited RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow macrophage cultures, an effect associated with decreased mRNA expression of Acp5, Calcr, Ctsk, Mmp9, Itgb3, and Atp6i, without effect on proliferation or apoptosis. The effects were concentration dependent with half-maximal inhibition at 0.3 μM. Cystatin C also inhibited osteoclast formation when RANKL-stimulated osteoclasts were cultured on bone, leading to decreased formation of resorption pits. RANKL-stimulated cells retained characteristics of phagocytotic macrophages when cotreated with cystatin C. Three other cysteine proteinase inhibitors, cystatin D, Z-RLVG-CHN2 (IC50 0.1 μM), and E-64 (IC 50 3 μM), also inhibited osteoclast formation in RANKL-stimulated macrophages. In addition, cystatin C, Z-RLVG-CHN2, and E-64 inhibited osteoclastic differentiation of RANKL-stimulated CD14+ human monocytes. The effect by cystatin C on differentiation of bone marrow macrophages was exerted at an early stage after RANKL stimulation and was associated with early (4 h) inhibition of c-Fos expression and decreased protein and nuclear translocation of c-Fos. Subsequently, p52, p65, IκBα, and Nfatc1 mRNA were decreased. Cystatin C was internalized in osteoclast progenitors, a process requiring RANKL stimulation. These data show that cystatin C inhibits osteoclast differentiation and formation by interfering intracellularly with signaling pathways downstream RANK. © FASEB.

A rank aggregation framework for video multimodal geocoding

This paper proposes a rank aggregation framework for video multimodal geocoding. Textual and visual descriptions associated with videos are used to define ranked lists. These ranked lists are later combined, and the resulting ranked list is used to define appropriate locations for videos. An architecture that implements the proposed framework is designed. In this architecture, there are specific modules for each modality (e.g, textual and visual) that can be developed and evolved independently. Another component is a data fusion module responsible for combining seamlessly the ranked lists defined for each modality. We have validated the proposed framework in the context of the MediaEval 2012 Placing Task, whose objective is to automatically assign geographical coordinates to videos. Obtained results show how our multimodal approach improves the geocoding results when compared to methods that rely on a single modality (either textual or visual descriptors). We also show that the proposed multimodal approach yields comparable results to the best submissions to the Placing Task in 2012 using no extra information besides the available development/training data. Another contribution of this work is related to the proposal of a new effectiveness evaluation measure. The proposed measure is based on distance scores that summarize how effective a designed/tested approach is, considering its overall result for a test dataset. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Comparison of factor-analytic and reduced rank models for test-day milk yield in Gyr dairy cattle (Bos indicus)

We analyzed 46,161 monthly test-day records of milk production from 7453 first lactations of crossbred dairy Gyr (Bos indicus) x Holstein cows. The following seven models were compared: standard multivariate model (M10), three reduced rank models fitting the first 2, 3, or 4 genetic principal components, and three models considering a 2-, 3-, or 4-factor structure for the genetic covariance matrix. Full rank residual covariance matrices were considered for all models. The model fitting the first two principal components (PC2) was the best according to the model selection criteria. Similar phenotypic, genetic, and residual variances were obtained with models M10 and PC2. The heritability estimates ranged from 0.14 to 0.21 and from 0.13 to 0.21 for models M10 and PC2, respectively. The genetic correlations obtained with model PC2 were slightly higher than those estimated with model M10. PC2 markedly reduced the number of parameters estimated and the time spent to reach convergence. We concluded that two principal components are sufficient to model the structure of genetic covariances between test-day milk yields. © FUNPEC-RP.

Expressão das proteínas osteoprotegerina, RANK e RANKL durante o processo de reparo alveolar em ratos: estudo imunoistoquímico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo de ilhas de calor no município de Piratininga/SP, por meio de dados orbitais do landsat 5 sensor tm

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Comparison of the preferential margins in the ECCM tariff with the average margins prior in force in the region

Includes bibliography

Export commodity price projections: a study of autoregressive-moving average projections methods: preliminary version

Includes bibliography

Evolução a longo prazo de pacientes após lesão renal aguda

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Imunomarcação das proteínas OPG, RANK e RANKL em dentes reimplantados de rato

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOA

Efeito da interação genótipo ambiente, sob a forma de heterogeneidade de variâncias entre rebanhos

Foram simuladas estruturas de dados em modelos mistos representando o teste de 100 reprodutores, sendo cada reprodutor acasalado com 10 matrizes (total de 1000 matrizes), originando em cada acasalamento 2 proles, totalizando 2000 proles (vinte proles por reprodutor). De cada combinação reprodutor e matriz, dez proles tiveram seu fenótipo expresso no ambiente de baixa produção (Estrato 1) e, a outra metade, no ambiente de alta produção (Estrato 2). A simulação foi realizada de forma a representar diferentes situações de presença de heterogeneidade de variâncias, combinando-se as origens da heterogeneidade, de natureza genética e ambiental. Na presença de heterogeneidade residual, o valor estimado para o componente de variância residual, considerando homogeneidade de variâncias se aproximou do valor médio das variâncias entre os estratos. Houve superestimação, também, do componente de variância genético aditivo. Ao simular heterogeneidade de variância de origem genética, observou-se que a estimação desse componente situou-se em valor intermediário aos simulados. Nessa situação, o componente de variância residual estimado foi próximo do valor simulado, indicando que a heterogeneidade de variâncias quando proveniente de fatores genéticos, não interfere, substancialmente, sobre e estimação do componente de variância residual. Na simulação de dados com presença de heterogeneidade tanto de origem genética quanto ambiental (estrutura de dados 4), conduziu a estimação de componentes de variâncias intermediários aos valores simulados em cada estrato. Assim, observa-se que, mesmo quando os reprodutores apresentam proles bem distribuídas em ambos os estratos, a heterogeneidade de variância proveniente de fatores não genético provoca distorções sobre a estimação da variância genética aditiva. Mas por outro lado, quando a heterogeneidade de variância é decorrente de fatores genéticos, não há grande interferência sobre a estimativa da variância residual, tal comportamento pode ser explicado pela incorporação da matriz de parentesco na estimação do componente de variância genético aditivo, possibilitando discriminar melhor a origem da diferenças entre variâncias. Na estrutura onde a variância residual foi heterogênea a estimativa de herdabilidade foi menor em relação à estrutura de homogeneidade de variâncias. Por outro lado, quando somente a variância genética aditiva foi heterogênea, a estimativa de herdabilidade, considerando-se apenas o estrato de alta variabilidade genética, foi inflacionada pela superestimação da variância genética aditiva. No entanto, a estimativa de herdabilidade obtida, desconsiderando essa fonte de heterogeneidade de variância, foi próxima à situação de homogeneidade de variância, indicando que, quando os reprodutores possuem boa distribuição de proles em diferentes ambientes, as estimativas relacionadas ao efeito genético são ponderadas pelo desempenho dos animais em cada ambiente. As correlações de Spearman e de Pearson entre os valores genéticos preditos dos reprodutores, para todas as situações, foram maiores que 0,90. O resultado indica que, mesmo havendo presença de heterogeneidade de variância genética e/ou ambiental, se os reprodutores possuem proles bem distribuídas entre os ambientes (estratos heterogêneos) a classificação do mérito genético não se altera, o que era esperado, pois em análises unicarácter, quando ocorre uma fonte de viés na avaliação genética, ela é comum a todos os indivíduos. Na situação em que foi imposta a estrutura de dados à presença de heterogeneidade de variância residual com número de número desigual de proles por reprodutor nos estratos, provocou superestimação dos componentes de variância. Porém mesmo havendo alteração na magnitude dos valores genéticos preditos para os reprodutores, a heterogeneidade de variância não alterou a classificação entre os reprodutores todas as correlações de ordem foram próximas à unidade. O efeito da heterogeneidade de variância, oriunda de fatores ambientais, ocasiona em maiores distorções sobre a avaliação genética animal, em relação, quando a mesma é proveniente de causas genéticas. A conexidade genética entre diferentes ambientes, dilui o efeito da heterogeneidade de variância, tanto de origem genética, quanto ambiental, na predição de valores genéticos dos reprodutores.