Joan Robinson Was Almost Right: Output under Third-Degree Price Discrimination

In this paper, we show that in order for third-degree price discrimination to increase total output, the demands of the strong markets should be, as conjectured by Robinson (1933), more concave than the demands of the weak markets. By making the distinction between adjusted concavity of the inverse demand and adjusted concavity of the direct demand, we are able to state necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for third-degree price discrimination to increase total output.

Annual report 1994 - North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). Third meeting, Nemuro, Hokkaido, Japan, October 15-24, 1994

Report of Opening Session Report of Governing Council Meetings Reports of Science Board and Committees: Science Board Biological Oceanography Committee Fishery Science Committee Marine Environmental Quality Committee Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee Reports of Workshops Report of PICES-GLOBEC Workshop (Summary) PICES-GLOBEC Science Plan Findings and Recommendations of the PICES-STA Workshop on Monitoring in the Subarctic North Pacific Finance and Administration: Report of the Finance and Administration Committee Assets on 31st of December, 1993 Income and Expenditures for 1993 Budget for 1995 Composition of the Organization List of Participants (Document has 95 pages.)

Proceedings of the Third Workshop on 'The Okhotsk Sea and adjacent areas'

Foreword SESSION 1 Evidence and Consequences of Decadal-Scale Climate Variation in the Okhotsk Sea and Northwestern Pacific Ocean SESSION 2 Physical and Chemical Processes in the Okhotsk Sea and Northwestern Pacific Ocean SESSION 3 Biological Variability: Evidence and Consequences SESSION 4 Anthropogenic Impacts on the Okhotsk Sea Ecosystem(s) (265 page document)

Regeneration of Giant Salvinia from Apical and Axillary Buds following Desiccation or Physical Damage

Can a new giant salvinia infestation occur even if most of the mat is destroyed except for the protected buds? From this study, we are able to conclude that buds can produce new growth under certain stressful conditions. They must be greater than 0.2 cm in length and they must possess greater than 30% moisture content to survive.

Open Personalization: Involving Third Parties in Improving the User Experience of Websites

Traditional software development captures the user needs during the requirement analysis. The Web makes this endeavour even harder due to the difficulty to determine who these users are. In an attempt to tackle the heterogeneity of the user base, Web Personalization techniques are proposed to guide the users’ experience. In addition, Open Innovation allows organisations to look beyond their internal resources to develop new products or improve existing processes. This thesis sits in between by introducing Open Personalization as a means to incorporate actors other than webmasters in the personalization of web applications. The aim is to provide the technological basis that builds up a trusty environment for webmasters and companion actors to collaborate, i.e. "an architecture of participation". Such architecture very much depends on these actors’ profile. This work tackles three profiles (i.e. software partners, hobby programmers and end users), and proposes three "architectures of participation" tuned for each profile. Each architecture rests on different technologies: a .NET annotation library based on Inversion of Control for software partners, a Modding Interface in JavaScript for hobby programmers, and finally, a domain specific language for end-users. Proof-of-concept implementations are available for the three cases while a quantitative evaluation is conducted for the domain specific language.

Proceedings of the Twenty-third Annual Symposium on sea turtle biology and conservation, 17 to 21 March 2003, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The 23rd Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation was held between 17 and 21 March 2003 at The Legend Hotel in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, hosted by the Community Conservation Network, Hawaii, and WWF-Malaysia. The meeting was attended by slightly more than 300 participants representing 73 countries, a dramatic drop in participation from previous years brought about in no small part by the looming war in the middle east region and concerns over travel safety. For 22 years the Symposium had bee an Americas-based event, even though it is the annual gathering of the "international" sea turtle society, and with the move to Malaysia, the Symposium hoped to raise the awareness among the general public of the plight of amrine turtles in Southeast Asia, and share the enormous exspertise of the world authorities on sea turtles with this so-far underrepresented region. Adopting the thems, "Living With Turtles", the Symposium had a very personal flavour, and the smaller number of participants made it possible to make and renew acquaintances, and have time for discussion between sessions. While the travel safety concern excuse was often quoted, it was a pity, particularly to the large contingent of people who attended the event for the first time from underrepresented regions, that many of the household names linked to marine turtle biology and conservation were not present to share their knowledge and promote the global concerns on the plight of turtle populations.

Report on third FIDAWOG Workshop held at the Triangle Hotel, Jinja, 29 March to 1 April 1999: summary of proceedings

The FIDAWOG workshop held from 29 March to 1 April 1999 in Jinja was the third major stock assessment workshop attended by most of the participants during the project. It followed two workshops, each of which lasted three weeks, held in 1998.

Molecular neurogenetics of eye development in Drosophila

The compound eye of Drosophila melanogaster begins to differentiate during the late third larval instar in the eye-antennal imaginal disc. A wave of morphogenesis crosses the disc from posterior to anterior, leaving behind precisely patterned clusters of photoreceptor cells and accessory cells that will constitute the adult ommatidia of the retina. By the analysis of genetically mosaic eyes, it appears that any cell in the eye disc can adopt the characteristics of any one of the different cell types found in the mature eye, including photoreceptor cells and non-neuronal accessory cells such as cone cells. Therefore, cells within the prospective retinal epithelium assume different fates presumably via information present in the environment. The sevenless^+ (sev^+) gene appears to play a role in the expression of one of the possible fates, since the mutant phenotype is the lack of one of the pattern elements, namely, photoreceptor cell R7. The sev^+ gene product had been shown to be required during development of the eye, and had also been shown in genetic mosaics to be autonomous to presumptive R7. As a means of better understanding the pathway instructing the differentiation R7, the gene and its protein product were characterized.

The sev+ gene was cloned by P-element transposon tagging, and was found to encode an 8.2 kb transcript expressed in developing eye discs and adult heads. By raising monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against a sev^+- β-galactosidase fusion protein, the expression of the protein in the eye disc was localized by immuno-electronmicroscopy. The protein localizes to the apical cell membranes and microvilli of cells in the eye disc epithelium. It appears during development at a time coincident with the initial formation of clusters, and in all the developing photoreceptors and accessory cone cells at a time prior to the overt differentiation of R7. This result is consistent with the pluripotency of cells in the eye disc. Its localization in the membranes suggests that it may receive information directing the development of R7. Its localization in the apical membranes and microvilli is away from the bulk of the cell contacts, which have been cited as a likely regions for information presentation and processing. Biochemical characterization of the sev^+ protein will be necessary to describe further its role in development.

Other mutations in Drosophila have eye phenotypes. These were analyzed to find which ones affected the initial patterning of cells in the eye disc, in order to identify other genes, like sev, whose gene products may be involved in generating the pattern. The adult eye phenotypes ranged from severe reduction of the eye, to variable numbers of photoreceptor cells per ommatidium, to sub de defects in the organization of the supporting cells. Developing eye discs from the different strains were screened using a panel of MAbs, which highlight various developmental stages. Two identified matrix elements in and anterior to the furrow, while others identified the developing ommatidia themselves, like the anti-sev MAb. Mutation phenotypes were shown to appear at many stages of development. Some mutations seem to affect the precursor cells, others, the setting up of the pattern, and still others, the maintenance of the pattern. Thus, additional genes have now been identified that may function to support the development of a complex pattern.

Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air

We experimentally investigate the evolution of an angularly resolved spectrum of third harmonic generated by infrared femtosecond laser pulse filamentation in air. We show that at low pump intensity, phase matching between the fundamental and third-harmonic waves dominates the nonlinear optical effect and induces a ring structure of the third-harmonic beam, whereas at high pump intensity, the dispersion properties of air begin to affect the angular spectrum, leading to the formation of a nonlinear X wave at third harmonic.

Third harmonic enhancement due to Fano interference in semiconductor quantum well

We investigate the emission spectra of the semiconductor quantum well for few-cycle and sub-cycle pulse exciting. We find that Fano interference may induce third harmonic enhancement. Third harmonic enhancement varies with the magnitude and duration of the incident pulse, and may be enhanced by approximately one order of magnitude for the low intensity region of the sub-cycle incident pulse exciting.

X-shaped third harmonic generated by ultrashort infrared pulse filamentation in air

The authors report the measurement of the angularly resolved spectrum of the third harmonic generated in a femtosecond filament in air and its evolution with increasing pump power. Pumped by a focused infrared ultrashort pulse with a carrier wavelength of 1270 nm, a pulse duration of similar to 20 fs, and pulse energy up to 487 mu J, the generated third harmonic is composed of an on-axis emission and a conical ring emission. When the pump power is sufficiently high, angularly resolved spectra with significant X-like feature could be observed, indicating the formation of nonlinear X wave at third harmonic. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Ghost imaging with thermal light by third-order correlation

Ghost imaging with classical incoherent light by third-order correlation is investigated. We discuss the similarities and the differences between ghost imaging by third-order correlation and by second-order correlation, and analyze the effect from each correlation part of the third-order correlation function on the imaging process. It is shown that the third-order correlated imaging includes richer correlated imaging effects than the second-order correlated one, while the imaging information originates mainly from the correlation of the intensity fluctuations between the test detector and each reference detector, as does ghost imaging by second-order correlation.

Influência do sistema de cimentação e do modo de ativação na resistência ao push-out de pinos de fibra de vidro

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do tipo de sistema de cimentação (condicionamento ácido total ou autoadesivo), do modo de ativação (autoativado ou dual), do terço do conduto radicular (cervical, médio ou apical) e da espessura do filme de cimento sobre a resistência de união de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados em dentes humanos. Quarenta raízes foram incluídas em resina epóxi, submetidas a tratamento endodôntico e obturadas com guta percha e cimento endodôntico sem eugenol. Decorridos sete dias, os condutos foram preparados a uma profundidade de 10mm com brocas padronizadas do sistema dos pinos de fibra (WhitePost DC #2) e aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos, conforme o sistema de cimentação e o modo de ativação: (G1) RelyX ARC/Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (condicionamento ácido total), ativação dual, (G2) RelyX ARC/Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus, autoativado, (G3) RelyX U100 (autoadesivo), dual e (G4) RelyX U100, autoativado. Após uma semana, cada raiz foi seccionada em máquina de corte, originando 6 fatias de 1 mm de espessura (n=60). Antes do ensaio de push-out cada fatia foi fotografada em ambas as faces, para determinação do raio dos pinos e da espessura do filme de cimento. Após o ensaio mecânico, novas imagens foram capturadas para determinação do modo de falha. Para automatizar a determinação da espessura de cimento, foi desenvolvida uma macro no software KS 400. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados com ANOVA 3 fatores (resistência de união) e teste de Kruskall-Wallis (espessura do cimento). Comparações múltiplas foram realizadas com o teste Student-Newman-Keuls. Análise de regressão, modelo linear, foi empregada para verificar a correlação entre espessura do cimento e resistência de união. Todos os testes foram aplicados com α = 0,05. O fator cimento exerceu influência significativa para a resistência de união (p = 0,0402): o RelyX U100 apresentou a maior média. A ativação dual elevou os valores de resistência de união em comparação ao modo quimicamente ativado (p < 0,0001). Houve diferenças significantes entre os grupos, sendo G1 (22,4 4,0 MPa) > G3 (20,4 3,6 MPa) > G4 (17,8 5,2 MPa) > G2 (13,5 4,3 MPa). O terço do conduto não exerceu influência significativa sobre a resistência adesiva (p = 0,4749). As espessuras dos filmes de cimento foram estatisticamente diferentes nos diferentes terços: cervical (102 45 m) > médio (75 29 m) > apical (52 28m). Não foi observada forte correlação entre os valores de espessura e os de resistência ao push-out (r = - 0,2016, p = 0,0033). O tipo de falha predominante foi a mista, exceto para o G2, que apresentou 74% das falhas na interface cimento-pino. Dessa forma, o cimento autoadesivo apresentou melhor desempenho que o convencional, e ambos os sistemas duais, sobretudo o RelyX ARC, apresentaram dependência da fotoativação para atingirem maiores valores de resistência de união.