983 resultados para Antimicrobial susceptibility methods


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Susceptibility profile and multiple drug resistance in 158 E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI), pyometra, and feces of dogs were studied. Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin were the most-effective drugs (>60%) for E. coli strains. High rates of resistance to antimicrobials were observed in 60% or more of the isolated strains using sulfametoxazole/trimetoprim. Multiple drug resistance for three or more antimicrobials was observed in two (47.1%) strains isolated from UTI, seven (13.5%) from pyometra, and four (7.3%) from feces. From these, 17 (33.3%), one (1.9%), and three (5.5%), respectively, showed multiple resistance to five or more drugs.

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A retrospective study of etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and multiple drug resistance, and major epidemiological aspects were investigated in 616 cases of canine otitis. Staphylococcus beta hemolitic (26.27%), Malassezia pachydermatis (12.35%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.8%) were the most common microorganisms identified. The isolates were susceptible mainly to norfloxacin (89.62%), gentamicin (83.25%), and ofloxacin (80.16%). High occurrence of resistance of isolates was observed to neomicin (30.84%) and cephalexin (27.63%). Multiple drug resistance to three or more and five or more of antimicrobials tested was observed in 34.9% and 15.5% of isolates, respectively. The cases of canine otitis occurred predominantly in first years of age, in mixed breeds animals, at autumn season. The presence of itch, bad smell, and secretion in ear conduct were the major signs observed at clinical examination.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Os estafilococos coagulase-negativos (ECN), embora reconhecidos como saprófitas por muito tempo, têm emergido como agentes etiológicos de uma série de infecções, sendo atualmente os principais responsáveis por sepse em UTI neonatal. Tendo em vista estas características, este estudo objetivou a identificação de estafilococos coagulase-negativos isolados de processos infecciosos em recém-nascidos, bem como a determinação da produção de beta-lactamase e sensibilidade às drogas pelas linhagens isoladas. O Staphylococcus epidermidis foi a espécie mais freqüentemente isolada (77,8%). O estudo da produção de beta-lactamase revelou esta característica na maioria das linhagens de ECN isoladas (71,8%). As linhagens de ECN mostraram, ainda, resistência múltipla aos antibióticos utilizados, com 63,2% dos isolados apresentando resistência a cinco ou mais drogas. A elevada transmissibilidade de plasmídios entre estas linhagens e o uso abusivo de drogas antimicrobianas têm-se constituído em importantes fatores na seleção de amostras multirresistentes e na transferência de genes de resistência.

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In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by standard diffusion disk test and a modified method, by the addition Tris-EDTA, was evaluated. Increase in sensitivity of agent using modified method was observed mainly in aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin), quinolones (ofloxacin and norfloxacin) and cephalosporins (cefoperazone and ceftazidime) groups. by standard diffusion disk test and a modified method, by the addition Tris-EDTA, was evaluated. Increase in sensitivity of agent using modified method was observed mainly in aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin), quinolones (ofloxacin and norfloxacin) and cephalosporins (cefoperazone and ceftazidime) groups.

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Comparou-se a sensibilidade microbiana in vitro de isolados de Rhodococcus equi pelo teste padrão de difusão com discos, com o modificado, pela adição de 5% de dimetilsulfóxido-DMSO. Observou-se aumento da sensibilidade do R. equi no teste com DMSO, frente a aminoglicosídeos (canamicina, amicacina, estreptomicina) e ao cloranfenicol, enquanto para a eritromicina e derivados ß-lactâmicos (penicilina G, cefalosporinas, amoxicilina, oxacilina), constatou-se redução da sensibilidade do agente.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade in vitro da cefalosporina de quarta geração, cefpiroma em comparação com ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, cefotaxima e imipenem em um estudo multicêntrico envolvendo nove hospitais de seis cidades em quatro estados. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas 804 amostras clínicas isoladas em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva ou unidades de oncohematologia. As amostras foram coletadas no período de junho a novembro de 1995, isto é, antes da cefpiroma estar disponível comercialmente no Brasil, e testadas através do método de microdiluição em placas conforme descrito pelo National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Todas as amostras resistentes à cefpiroma foram retestadas utilizando-se o E-test. RESULTADOS: Contra as amostras de enterobactérias (n= 344), a cefpiroma apresentou atividade de 2 a 32 vezes superior àquela apresentada pelas cefalosporinas de terceira geração (CTGs) e semelhante àquela apresentada pelo imipenem. As porcentagens de enterobactérias sensíveis foram: 88% para a cefpiroma, 69% para as CTGs e 96% para o imipenem. O espectro de ação da cefpiroma foi maior ou igual ao do imipenem contra as espécies Citrobacter freundii, E. aerogenes, Morganella morganii e Serratia marcescens. Contra Acinetobacter sp. (n=77), a cefpiroma foi ligeiramente mais ativa que a ceftazidima, porém as porcentagens de resistência foram muito altas para esses compostos (84% e 88% respectivamente). As atividades da cefpiroma, ceftazidima e imipenem foram semelhantes contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=128), com MIC50/porcentagem de sensibilidade de 8/59%, 8/62% e 4/62% respectivamente. Contra bactérias aeróbias gram-positivas, a cefpiroma foi de 4 a 16 vezes mais ativa que as CTGs. Contra S. epidermidis e outras espécies de estafilococos coagulase-negativos a cefpiroma foi ligeiramente superior ao imipenem, porém, contra as outras espécies de bactérias gram-positivas avaliadas, o imipenem apresentou atividade um pouco superior. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados desse estudo sugerem que, no Brasil, a cefpiroma apresenta espectro de ação superior ao das CTGs contra bactérias gram-negativas (Enterobacteriaceae e não-fermentadares) e gram-positivas e semelhante ao do imipenem contra algumas espécies de enterobactérias e contra P. aeruginosa.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of bovine mastitis by Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Candida sp. in a rural area of Indianopolis, Minas Gerais. It was realized the California Mastitis Test (CMT) in six collect, a total 671 of milk sample positive. Then the microbiological examination was performed, where the results revealed the presence of 137 milk samples with microbial multiplication. These, showed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (45.2% of strains), other coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10.2%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.4%), Staphylococcus simulans (5.8%), other coagulase negative (15.3%), Streptococcus agalactiae (7.2%), other Streptococcus sp. (5.1%) and yeasts (1.4%). It was found that 100% of Staphylococcus were susceptible to rifampicin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin; but, resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, and oxacillin. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility Streptococcus, were employed, except to clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline. We conclude that there is a great necessity of proper hygiene practices and taking prophylactic measures taken in order to reduce the infection of animals caused by infectious microorganisms and resistance.

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A study was carried out to assess the stability of antimicrobial susceptibility of wild isolates upon long-term storage using fifty-three Escherichia coli strains isolated in 1978 from feces of healthy children from the Amazon region in Brazil, exposed to low levels of antimicrobial agents, and examined for resistance to mercury and four antibiotics. All of the strains were kept in Lignieres medium at room temperature and were transferred to fresh media four times during this period. Thirty-five out of the 53 strains analyzed in 1978 were viable. Upon recovery, antibiotic and mercury resistance was estimated. All of the 35 strains maintained their original phenotype in a stable fashion, except for one multiresistant strain which became susceptible to kanamycin. Fifty-four percent of the strains exhibited a resistance phenotype, among which 47% had conjugative plasmids.

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Multiple resistances to antimicrobial drugs arising in Escherichia coli isolates may complicate therapeutic management of urinary tract infection (UTI) by this organism. In order to assess the multidrug resistance (MDR) among urinary E. coli isolates, we have tested 11 antimicrobial drugs against 67 isolates from outpatients attended in a tertiary-care teaching hospital and of 78 isolates from a municipal health unit, respectively in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Seventy-six percent and 22% of the isolates from the tertiary-care hospital and the municipal unit, respectively, were resistant to three or more different classes of agents, and were considered to present MDR. Among the isolates from the hospital patients, 73.0%, 65.0%, 58.0%, 58.0% and 31.0% were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, cephalothin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and norfloxacin, respectively; resistance from the municipal unit patients were 31.0%, 37.0%, 8.0%, 29.0% and 12.0% respectively, to the same drugs. The predominant phenotype among the MDR isolates presented is ampicillin, TMP/SMX and tetracycline resistance. The high prevalence of drug resistance among UTI patients calls for continuous surveillance to assure effective control of this infection. © 2007 by The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Contexto Publishing. All rights reserved.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)