Administration of Neural Precursor Cells Ameliorates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

In this study we evaluated whether administration of stem cells of neural origin (neural precursor cells, NPCs) could be protective against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We hypothesized that stem cell outcomes are not tissue-specific and that NPCs can improve tissue damage through paracrine mechanisms, especially due to immunomodulation. To this end, Wistar rats (200-250 g) were submitted to 1-hour ischemia and treated with NPCs (4 x 10(6) cells/animal) at 4 h of reperfusion. To serve as controls, ischemic animals were treated with cerebellum homogenate harvested from adult rat brain. All groups were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion. NPCs were isolated from rat fetus telencephalon and cultured until neurosphere formation (7 days). Before administration, NPCs were labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimydylester (CFSE). Kidneys were harvested for analysis of cytokine profile and macrophage infiltration. At 24 h, NPC treatment resulted in a significant reduction in serum creatinine (IRI + NPC 1.21 + 0.18 vs. IRI 3.33 + 0.14 and IRI + cerebellum 2.95 + 0.78mg/dl, p < 0.05) and acute tubular necrosis (IRI + NPC 46.0 + 2.4% vs. IRI 79.7 + 14.2%, p < 0.05). NPC-CFSE and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells (astrocyte marker) were found exclusively in renal parenchyma, which also presented GFAP and SOX-2 (an embryonic neural stem cell marker) mRNA expression. NPC treatment resulted in lower renal proinflammatory IL1-beta and TNF-alpha expression and higher anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 transcription. NPC-treated animals also had less macrophage infiltration and decreased serum proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and INF-gamma). Our data suggested that NPC therapy improved renal function by influencing immunological responses. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

Diferencas entre as medidas do indice-h geradas em distintas fontes bibliograficas e engenho de busca

MÉTODOS: Comparou-se a produção científica de pesquisadores brasileiros bolsistas 1-A do CNPq, das áreas da saúde coletiva, imunologia e medicina. Os índices-h de cada pesquisador foram estimados com base no Web of Science , Scopus e Google Acadêmico. Foram estimadas as medianas dos índices-h para os grupos de pesquisadores em cada área, e para comparar as diferenças foram usados, de acordo com cada fonte, o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal- Wallis e as comparações múltiplas de Behrens-Fisher. RESULTADOS: A área da imunologia apresentou mediana dos índices-h mais alta que os da Saúde Coletiva e da Medicina quando se utiliza a base Web of Science . Porém, essa diferença desapareceu quando a comparação foi feita utilizando a base Scopus ou o Google Acadêmico. CONCLUSÕES: A emergência do Google Acadêmico traz a um novo patamar as discussões sobre a medida do impacto bibliométrico das publicações cientificas. Áreas com fortes componentes profissionais, em que o conhecimento produzido é e deve ser publicado também na língua nativa, vis-a-vis sua difusão para a comunidade internacional, têm padrão de publicações e citações científicas diferente de áreas exclusivas ou predominantemente acadêmicas e mais bem captado pelo Google Acadêmico. OBJETIVO: Analisar a utilização do índice-h como medida do impacto bibliográfico da produção científica de pesquisadores brasileiros.

Recambios en un solo tiempo de prótesis de cadera y rodilla sobre terreno contaminado: nuestra experiencia

Objective: Evaluate the results obtained in the simultaneous replacement of a septic arthroplasty or a second septic replacement (implanting the prosthesis in a contaminated eld). Material and method: Series of 17 cases, with a mean age of 66.8 years and average follow-up of 49 months. The exclusion criteria were serious immunological depression and unknown germ or not sensitive to at least three antibiotics. After the intervention, the corresponding antibiotics were administered between six weeks and three months. Recovery was established as the normality for infection indicator variables at least nine months after the replacement. Results: 14 patients developed towards total recovery (follow-up at least 9 months and maximum 84 months). 3 cases presented relapse, all three carriers of Staphylococcus epidermidis (at 1, 3 and 7 months of follow-up respectively). The success percentage is 82.41% (average follow-up of 49 months). Conclusions: Simultaneous replacements is an interesting option for patients with plural pathologies as it o"ers a single operation, less morbidity, quicker return to activities to restore normal function and less associated costs