Fenologia de Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryocaraceae) no Alto Rio Grande, sul de Minas Gerais

Phenological studies are important to understand the dynamics in forest ecosystems and also to enable adequate management of their native species. In the Cerrado regions of the high Rio Grande river (south of Minas Gerais State), Caryocar brasiliense species is found in highly distinct morphological forms with variable phenology. The aim of this study was to investigate phenological patterns within and between populations of both the tree and shrub forms of the individuals and to determine any correlation with abiotic factors. Thirty-five observations of the phenophases of the vegetative and reproductive stages were recorded ever), two weeks for 18 months. The activity index was analyzed for each stage and further analyzed to see if there were associations with the climate data by using Spearman linear correlation. The species was deciduous but leaf growth became retarded during the dry season, at which point leaf flushing stopped and total leaf fall occurred throughout the rainy season. The flowering and the fruit production occurred in the rainy season. The reproductive phase can be either annual or sub-annual. The activity index showed high synchronism within populations during the first flowering in all populations studied (> 80%). Flowering and mature fruits were highly synchronized according to Spearman correlations. Tree and shrub individuals of C. brasiliense had very similar times for their phenophases. The best period for collecting mature fruits in these regions is between February and March.

Inquérito soroepidemiológico sobre a infecção chagásica em doadores de sangue na região do Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais

This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in blood donors of the core of Patos de Minas Regional Foundation's Hemominas, MG. To this end, tests were used (ELISA) and Reverse Passive Hemagglutination (HPR). Through retrospective study from 1996 to 2006, was considered the result of serological 21,787 donors where 259 (1.2%) were seropositive for T. cruzi infection and the highest number of seropositivity was found in the group of 41-50 years. The total number of donors tested, 15 143 (69.5%) were male and 6644 (30.5%) females giving a seroprevalence rate of 170 (0.8%) and 89 (0.4%) respectively. This seroepidemiological survey showed that still prevail rates of transmission of Chagas disease, which reinforces the idea of the need for serological tests for the prevention of Chagas disease, especially in endemic areas as the region of Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba.

Ocorrência de mastite bovina causada por Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. E Candida sp. em uma propriedade rural no município de Indianópolis – Minas Gerais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of bovine mastitis by Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Candida sp. in a rural area of Indianopolis, Minas Gerais. It was realized the California Mastitis Test (CMT) in six collect, a total 671 of milk sample positive. Then the microbiological examination was performed, where the results revealed the presence of 137 milk samples with microbial multiplication. These, showed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (45.2% of strains), other coagulase negative Staphylococcus (10.2%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.4%), Staphylococcus simulans (5.8%), other coagulase negative (15.3%), Streptococcus agalactiae (7.2%), other Streptococcus sp. (5.1%) and yeasts (1.4%). It was found that 100% of Staphylococcus were susceptible to rifampicin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin; but, resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, and oxacillin. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility Streptococcus, were employed, except to clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline. We conclude that there is a great necessity of proper hygiene practices and taking prophylactic measures taken in order to reduce the infection of animals caused by infectious microorganisms and resistance.

Thermal structure, heat content and stability of two lakes in The National Park of Rio Doce Valley (Minas Gerais, Brazil)

The thermal structure, heat content and stability were studied in Lakes Dom Helvécio and Carioca during an annual cycle. It was found that the maximum heat content, stability and work of the wind in Lake Dom Helvécio correspond to two, four and four times, respectively, the values for the Lake Carioca. These difference can be attributed to morphometric differences in the lakes. A long-term record of heat content and stability for lake Carioca is also presented. Diel variations were studied in summer and winter. The tropicality of the lakes is discussed and compared with other lacustrine systems. © 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Caracterizacao edafo-climatica do Estado de Minas Gerais para a cultura da Cana-de-acucar

An ecological zoning originates seven regional units according to the main limitations to sugar cane culture. -from English summary

Razao Sr:Ba:Rb e tipologia de zircao em granitoides dos Estado de Sao Paulo, Parana e Minas Gerais

Chemical (Sr:Ba:Rb) and zircon typology data from the Nazare Paulista, Mairipora/Cantareira, Cunhaporanga, Tres Corregos, Morungaba, Socorro, Itu, Graciosa and Serra Carambei granitoid complexes from the states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo and Parana (SE/S Brazil) are presented and discussed. By the zircon typology method these complexes are refered, respectively, to the 2nd crustal, 3rd crustal/low temperature C-A, low temperature C-A, medium temperature C-A, medium/light temperature C-A, K-SA/Alkaline and alkaline series which are considered as generated under increasing temperature associated with a progressive major participation of mantle material. All these series display different positions and behaviour in the Sr:Ba:Rb diagram which reinforces the use of the zircon typology method in the study of granitoids. -from English summary

Modelos geotectonicos aplicados ao Pre-Cambriano superior do NE do Estado de Sao Paulo e areas adjacentes do Estado de Minas Gerais: uma discussao

The main geotectonics models presented during the last 25 yr to explain the evolution of the Late Precambrian (Brasiliano Cycle) terranes of the NE of the State of Sao Paulo and the adjacent areas of the State of Minas Gerais, domain of the Guaxupe Massif, SE Brazil, are presented and discussed. The models can be classified in: 1) classic; 2) mainly ensialic; and 3) applications of the plate tectonic theory. -from English summary

Dobras em bainha macroscopicas relacionadas ao cisalhamento ductil de baixo angulo da nappe Araxa-Canastra no sudoeste de Minas Gerais

In the Proterozoic fold-thrust belt of Southwestern Minas Gerais, sheath folds belonging to Araxa-Canastra Group were mapped. These structures are explained by a tangential shear related to nappe transport, which acted together with an additional transcurrent shear, driven by a lateral ramp. An interesting feature recognized in these sheath folds is the striking obliquity between the hinge line of the macro structure and the hinge lines of the parasitic folds in the sheath fold closure. -English summary

Prevalência, sazonalidade e intensidade de infecção por Diplostomum (Austrodiplostomum) compactum Lutz, 1928 (Digenea, Diplostomidae), em peixes do reservatório de Volta Grande, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

The present study was conducted in the Aquaculture Station of Hydroeletric Power Station situated in Volta Grande Reservoir, MG, Brazil. Seventy freshwater corvinas, Plagiscion squamosissimus, and 66 tucunarés, Cichla ocellaris were captured bimonthly from April 2000 through April 2001 with net and hook. The helmints were identified as Diplostomun (A.) compactmn which showed the highest prevalence in the corvina's eyes in April 2000 (70%), February 2001 (80%) and April 2001 (60%), while in tucunaré occurred in April 2000 (33.3%), August 2000 (18.2%) and October 2000 (18.2%). Nevertheless, increase in the mean intensity of parasites was related in April (6.6), June (6.0), August (18.5) 2000 and February (5.7), April (4.8) 2001 for corvina and in August (16.0) and October (7.0) 2000 for tucunaré. Corvina's females showed infection during all period, while males did not show the same prevalence in June 2000 and April 2001. On the other hand, tucunare's males were infected in all months while females in August and October 2000. The highest prevalence in corvina was observed in the months which presented elevated water temperature (April, October, December 2000 and April 2001). The number of parasites collected in corvina on February 2000 was higher than the one observed in August 2000. The same was not observed for tucunaré. This work demonstrate corvina's high susceptibility to metacercariae of Diplostomum.

Geochemical Study of the Itabirite Iron Ores of the Alegria Mine - Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The iron ores of Alegria mine are composed of itabirites enclosing minor bodies of high-grade ores. The itabirites are classified according to mineralogical composition in five types: martite-rich, goethite-rich, specularite-rich, magnetite-rich and anphibolite-rich ores. The hematites are martite-rich, magnetite-rich, specularite-rich and more rarely, amphibolite-rich. Other classification criteria of the ores are based on the physical properties and the degree of compaction. As such, the itabirites and hematites can be classified as hard, friable and soft types. The mineralogical/textural evolution of the ores is linked to the pressure and temperature conditions that accompanied the tectonic processes in anphibolite facies and the different degrees of subsequent surficial weathering processes. Petrographic and microstructural studies indicate that the magnetite and amphibole bearing itabirites represent the parent rocks that created the other itabirites and that the specularite itabirites and the hard martite types are related to silica dissolution and redeposition in zones of high and low strain. Most of itabirites ores correspond to chert oxide facies banded iron formation, except the goethite and amphibole bearing itabirite that resemble a silicate or oxide-silicate facies with minor carbonate impurities. The great mass and pods of soft martite itabirites are probably shaley oxide facies BIFs with little volcanic contribution. Trace element contents of the Alegria's itabirites show strong dissimilarities with BIFs associated with volcanism (Algoma type), but closely ressemble to the Lake Superior type, with high content in Cr, Co and low V, Ni, Cu and Zn. Although the absolute contents of REE present in the Alegria's itabirites are, in general very low, the pattern when normalised by NASC is similar to the great majority of the Archean and Paleoproterozoic BIFs elsewhere in the world, and characterised by positive Eu anomaly.

Interações entre aves frugívoras e plantas em um fragmento de mata atlântica de Minas Gerais

We studied the frugivorous birds and their fruiting plants during two years in a forest fragment in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Our aim was to identify the importance of birds and plants based on an importance index that comprise both the number of interactions and interaction exclusiveness. Twentynine bird species and 25 plant species were recorded. Small birds (< 100 g) comprised 85% of the interactions, and Chiroxiphia caudata reached the largest importance index (0.296), with 12 interactions, being six exclusive. Among plants, the melastome Miconia cinnamomifolia reached the largest importance index (0.277), interacting with 72.4% (21) of the bird species. This study showed that seed dispersal by small birds couldn't be underestimated because they disperse seeds of many plant species, even in pristine forests. Studies like this are also important to list the main food resources to frugivorous birds that could be used in management plans.

Diversidade florística de plantas vasculares no município de Januária, Minas Gerais, Brasil

The vegetation in north Minas Gerais State is poorly known, and for some authors it is the southern limit of natural occurrence for 'carrasco' and 'caatinga' species. Floristic sampling was made in different areas of Januária municipality, Minas Gerais, including physiognomies of 'carrasco' (tree-shrub 'caatinga'), deciduous forest, 'cerrado', floodable field and riparian vegetation ('vereda'), besides calcicolous vegetation. Six-hundred-eight species in 114 families were found, the five most diverse families were Fabaceae (87 species), Asteraceae (35 species), Euphorbiaceae (28 species), Bignoniaceae (25 species), and Malpighiaceae (21 species). The sampled vegetation included a diversity of vegetation forms. The most diverse areas were the 'carrasco' and the deciduous forest (274 species), secondary vegetation along roads and trails, and pastures (160 species), 'cerrado' (105 species), 'vereda' (98 species), and calcicolous vegetation and riparian vegetation (78 species each). Compared to other floristic surveys performed in northeastern Brazil, even considering only the woody component (tree and shrubs with 323 species), these results highlight the floristic and physiognomic diversity of the studied area. © 2005 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG.

Erosão hídrica de Latossolo Vermelho muito argiloso relevo ondulado em área de pós-plantio de eucalipto no Vale do Rio Doce, região Centro Leste do Estado de Minas Gerais

The erosion caused by running water constitutes important cause of environmental degradation and productivity reduction, which justifies its evaluation in areas of eucalypt commercial plantations, mainly in ondulated slope conditions. The present study was intended to evaluate the influence of different management systems, in an undulated eucalypt pos-planting area, upon soil and water losses by erosion. The experiment was installed in a very clayey Red Latosol (Oxisol) under three eucalypt management systems (downhill planting with burning of crop residues - EDq; downhill planting with maintenance of crop residues on soil surface - ED; level planting with maintenance of crop residues on soil surface - EN), native forest (FN), bare soil (SD), and native pasture (PN). The soil and water losses evaluations were performed in standard plots installed in the field. All eucalypt systems presented very low values of soil losses in relation to the established tolerance limit, indicating the adequacy of these management systems concerning water erosion. The sustainability of these environments regarding erosion is indicated by the fact that soil losses in eucalipt were very close to those observed in native forest (reference).

A família Myrtaceae na reserva particular do patrimônio natural da Serra do Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brasil

This is a floristic survey of Myrtaceae in the Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais. Fifty two species were found belonging to 12 genera - Myrcia with 17 species, Eugenia with nine, Campomanesia and Myrciaria with five species each, Psidium with four, Siphoneugena with three, Blepharocalyx, Calyptranthes, Marlierea and Myrceugenia with two species each, and Accara and Plinia with one species each. Descriptions of the genera and species, identification keys, geographical distributions, illustrations and comments are provided. © 2005 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG.

Proveniência e idade do metamorfismo das rochas da faixa Brasilia, na região de tapira (SW de Minas Gerais)

The Brasilia Fold Thrust Belt at Tapira area (SW of Minas Gerais State, Brazil) has four different litho-tectonic domains imbricated by thrust faults with vergency to the São Francisco Craton. Sm/Nd isotopic studies were undertaken and the results show different model and metamorphic ages for the thrust sheets. Rocks from the lower thrust sheet yield a metamorphic age of 543 Ma while the upper thrust sheet has a metamorphic age of 581 Ma. The TDM model ages are similar for both thrust sheets, between 1.7 and 2.2 Ga. Because of their lithologic characteristics, the thrust sheets are interpreted as having been deposited in a distal continental platform environment, their main source being Paleoproterozoic rocks of the São Francisco Craton. The upper thrust sheet rocks presents a metamorphism age of 612 Ma and a bimodal distribution of TDM model ages between 1.3 and 1.9 - 2.0 Ga, respectively. The lithologic and isotopic characteristics of this thrust sheet the rocks are interpreted as a result of deposition on a continental slope or oceanic floor environment, with mixed contributions from Paleo - and Mesoproterozoic rocks of the São Francisco Craton. In spite of the small number of analyzed samples and the uncertainties inherent to the Sm/Nd method the metamorphisms are not considered to be synchronous in the different thrust sheets. This is to be expected in a thrust belt system, in which the more metamorphosed thrust sheets are juxtaposed to less metamorphosed ones.