999 resultados para Absence d’un jeune adulte


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Untill recently, congenital heart disease was considered as a childhood's disease. With improvement in pediatric survival, adults with a congenital heart disease (ACHD) represent an emerging group of patients who need specialized medical care. In 2010, the ESC published newguidelines on global and specific management of adults with congenital heart disease. ACHD centers organize appropriate medical care for these patients, promote specialist training and national scientific research in collaboration with other national ACHD centers.

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Diverse conditions for stimulating human mononuclear cells to release thymocyte costimulatory factors were tested for their contribution to the generation of supernatants high titers of these monokines. Activity titers increased with LPS concentration, reaching a plateau between 1 and 10 microng/ml. Indomethacin did not modify the monokine, but the assay for thymocyte costimulatory activity was substantially affected by inhibitory substances produced by the monocytes in the absence of indomethacin. The use of nylon wool columns to trap the cells was shown to be effective in raising cellular densities without decreasing activity titers. As result, the yield per cell could be maintained even in the absence of serum, an important step toward the goal of purifiying bioactive from crude broths.

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Glucose is absorbed through the intestine by a transepithelial transport system initiated at the apical membrane by the cotransporter SGLT-1; intracellular glucose is then assumed to diffuse across the basolateral membrane through GLUT2. Here, we evaluated the impact of GLUT2 gene inactivation on this transepithelial transport process. We report that the kinetics of transepithelial glucose transport, as assessed in oral glucose tolerance tests, was identical in the presence or absence of GLUT2; that the transport was transcellular because it could be inhibited by the SGLT-1 inhibitor phlorizin, and that it could not be explained by overexpression of another known glucose transporter. By using an isolated intestine perfusion system, we demonstrated that the rate of transepithelial transport was similar in control and GLUT2(-/-) intestine and that it was increased to the same extent by cAMP in both situations. However, in the absence, but not in the presence, of GLUT2, the transport was inhibited dose-dependently by the glucose-6-phosphate translocase inhibitor S4048. Furthermore, whereas transport of [(14)C]glucose proceeded with the same kinetics in control and GLUT2(-/-) intestine, [(14)C]3-O-methylglucose was transported in intestine of control but not of mutant mice. Together our data demonstrate the existence of a transepithelial glucose transport system in GLUT2(-/-) intestine that requires glucose phosphorylation and transfer of glucose-6-phosphate into the endoplasmic reticulum. Glucose may then be released out of the cells by a membrane traffic-based pathway similar to the one we previously described in GLUT2-null hepatocytes.

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Commitment of the alpha beta and gamma delta T cell lineages within the thymus has been studied in T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic and TCR mutant murine strains. TCR gamma delta-transgenic or TCR beta knockout mice, both of which are unable to generate TCR alpha beta-positive T cells, develop phenotypically alpha beta-like thymocytes in significant proportions. We provide evidence that in the absence of functional TCR beta protein, the gamma delta TCR can promote the development of alpha beta-like thymocytes, which, however, do not expand significantly and do not mature into gamma delta T cells. These results show that commitment to the alpha beta lineage can be determined independently of the isotype of the TCR, and suggest that alpha beta versus gamma delta T cell lineage commitment is principally regulated by mechanisms distinct from TCR-mediated selection. To accommodate our data and those reported previously on the effect of TCR gamma and delta gene rearrangements on alpha beta T cell development, we propose a model in which lineage commitment occurs independently of TCR gene rearrangement.

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The mammalian ortholog of the conserved Drosophila adaptor protein Numb (Nb) and its homolog Numblike (Nbl) modulate neuronal cell fate determination at least in part by antagonizing Notch signaling. Because the Notch pathway has been implicated in regulating hemopoietic stem cell self-renewal and T cell fate specification in mammals, we investigated the role of Nb and Nbl in hemopoiesis using conditional gene targeting. Surprisingly simultaneous deletion of both Nb and Nbl in murine bone marrow precursors did not affect the ability of stem cells to self-renew or to give rise to differentiated myeloid or lymphoid progeny, even under competitive conditions in mixed chimeras. Furthermore, T cell fate specification and intrathymic T cell development were unaffected in the combined absence of Nb and Nbl. Collectively our data indicate that the Nb family of adaptor proteins is dispensable for hemopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in mice, despite their proposed role in neuronal stem cell development.

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Most investigations on prognosis of status epilepticus (SE) have focused on mortality, and suggest that outcome basically depends on the etiological and biological background. However, some recent studies also suggest that SE itself could be an independent predictor of death. Conversely, very little work has been published concerning the impact of SE on cognition. As compared with a first brief epileptic seizure, an incident SE episode seems to increase the risk of developing epilepsy.

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El Parc Natural de l’Alt Pirineu (PNAP) està creant una xarxa d’itineraris d’educació ambiental amb l’objectiu de divulgar els valors del parc i conscienciar els seus visitants sobre la importància de conservar el medi ambient. El desenvolupament de mètodes de valoració de l’aptitud de potencials itineraris d’educació ambiental pot servir per crear eines de gestió molt útils a l’hora d’ampliar aquesta xarxa de senders. Per aquest motiu, un grup anterior de la llicenciatura de Ciències Ambientals va desenvolupar el preprotocol Neret, que permet obtenir una puntuació numèrica per a un itinerari, responent a una sèrie de preguntes senzilles. En el present projecte, s’ha aplicat el protocol anterior a tres itineraris de muntanya per tal d’estudiar-ne el funcionament en un tipus d’itinerari diferent dels de fons de vall, on va ser dissenyat. L’anàlisi del preprotocol s’ha efectuat mitjançant una matriu DAFO, a partir de la qual s’han proposat una sèrie d’estratègies de millora i, a partir d’aquestes, s’ha desenvolupat un nou mètode de valoració. Els principals aspectes negatius del preprotocol són la seva manca de flexibilitat, la sobrevaloració dels criteris relacionats amb la dificultat del recorregut, la manca de detall en l’anàlisi del potencial interpretatiu dels itineraris a més del poc pes que té aquest criteri en la puntuació global i, finalment, l’absència d’un criteri que valori els potencials impactes que es podrien derivar de l’ús de l’itinerari. Aquestes mancances s’han mirat de corregir al mètode de valoració dissenyat en el present projecte mitjançant les següents aportacions: una estructura transversal dividida en quatre factors avaluats per separat, sense criteris de valoració excloents i amb una ponderació final dels quatre principals criteris modificable segons els objectius dels gestors; una valoració més detallada dels continguts de l’itinerari, i finalment, la inclusió d’un nou criteri que considera la vulnerabilitat del medi a qualsevol tipus d’impacte.

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The high rate of natural Trypanosoma cruzi infection found in opossums does not always correlate with appreciable densities of local triatomid populations. One alternative method which might bypass the invertebrate vector is direct transmission from mother to offspring. This possibility was investigated in five T. cruzi infected females and their litters (24 young). The influence of maternal antibodies transferred via lactation, on the course of experimental infection, was also examined. Our results show that neonatal transmission is probably not responsible for the high rate of natural T. cruzi infection among opossums. In addition antibodies of maternal origin confer a partial protection to the young. This was demonstrated by the finding of a double prepatency period and 4,5 fold lower levels of circulating parasites, in experimentally infected pouch young from infected as compared to control uninfected mothes. On the other hand, the duration of patent parasitemia was twice as long as that observed in the control group.

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We tested the attraction of Panstrongylus megistus odor under laboratory conditons, between males and females of this species and by individuals of each sex on recently fed virgin couples. We employed a system of choice boxes both with or without aeration over the stimuli in the tested situations. We also observed a clear trend among the insects to remain in the central box where they had been placed in the beginning of the tests.

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L’objectiu del projecte és la creació d’una proposta de servei d’Internet que proporcioni mapes temàtics per a la visualització i consulta de dades estadístiques territorials dels estudis i enquestes de l’Institut d’Estudis Regionals i Metropolitans de Barcelona (IERMB) en un entorn HTML. A més es fa servir el programari lliure de codi obert MapServer CGI per representar la informació geogràfica del servidor de mapes, així com també la programació amb codi HTML i les llibreries de codi JavaScript, OpenLayers + ExtJS i MapFish (que fa possible una interfície molt més agradable i entenedora connectant la part client i la part servidor).

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Les drogodependències, la infecció pel VIH-VHC i la tuberculosi, entre d’altres patologies, incideixen actualment de manera molt important en els centres penitenciaris, de manera que han canviat radicalment la sanitat en aquestes institucions en les darreres dues dècades. Les necessitats terapèutiques són diferents i la utilització de fàrmacs a les presons s’ha convertit en més complexa. La població penitenciària ha crescut en els darrers cinc anys més d’un 36% i, d’aquesta manera, ha augmentat la demanda assistencial i en conseqüència la prescripció farmacèutica, amb una corresponent pujada de la despesa en medicaments. Segons la legislació penitenciària general, l’Administració Penitenciària és responsable del control de les malalties transmissibles a les presons, en col·laboració amb l’Administració Sanitària. La gestió dels medicaments, per ser eficaç, ha d’incidir en una sèrie d’elements, com ara la selecció dels medicaments, l’adquisició, la distribució, la dispensació i l’administració, entre d’altres. Els medicaments utilitzats per al tractament de patologies del sistema nerviós són els productes més consumits en el CPHB, amb una major quantitat d’unitats dispensades. Alhora, la despesa d’aquests medicaments suposa aproximadament la meitat de la factura total. La diferència de preus entre especialitats farmacèutiques genèriques i especialitats farmacèutiques de marca evidencia de manera teòrica que la utilització de genèrics pot reduir la despesa total farmacèutica. Els estudis de selecció, adquisició i control de medicaments a centres penitenciaris per part de professionals sanitaris són eines fonamentals i necessàries per a la millora en l’ús de fàrmacs.

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This article proposes an update on the recommendations for the check-up and the primary and secondary prevention of cancers and cardio-vascular diseases. Indeed, new clinical data led the adaptation and clarification of some of them. The novelties for cancer screening concern mainly colorectal, breast and prostate cancers. Screening for low ankle brachial index is not recommended.