PENTECOSTAIS, POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E MEIO AMBIENTE: Estudo Socioambiental em Rio Grande da Serra, periferia urbana no Grande ABC Paulista

O tema central de nossa pesquisa são as interações dos pentecostais com as questões socioambientais. Portanto, trata-se do estudo do grau de envolvimento dos pentecostais com as políticas públicas ambientais e o meio ambiente em periferia urbana - Rio Grande da Serra - Grande ABC Paulista. A intensa presença dos pentecostais nos bairros mais periféricos da cidade permitiu-nos indagar sobre as relações que esses mantêm com a expansão urbana nas áreas a serem protegidas, com os impactos ambientais, com consumo e pós-consumo na região, na participação de políticas públicas, bem como, os discursos e práticas religiosas interferem no comportamento dos religiosos frente a todas essas questões, uma vez que, a cidade está inserida em Área de Proteção e Recuperação de Mananciais, imbricada em um dos biomas terrestres mais ameaçados de extinção - o Bioma da Mata Atlântica. Como procedimentos metodológicos servimo-nos das observações empíricas, registro dos aspectos e impactos ambientais, aplicação de formulários e entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado, elementos que constituíram uma tríade instrumental analítica. Concluímos que os pentecostais embora sejam atuantes em questões sociais, todavia, não o são quanto às questões ambientais na cidade, pois, não participam de maneira mais efetiva nas políticas públicas ambientais. Entretanto, os pentecostais demonstram uma potencialidade em participar do planejamento urbano participativo e dos processos de gestão urbana a médio e longos prazos, desde que sejam estimulados, primando dessa maneira, pela proteção, defesa e justiça ambiental nessas áreas de vulnerabilidade socioambiental.

Meio ambiente e planejamento: a relação cidade-natureza nos Planos Urbanísticos da cidade de Natal no século XX

This research studies the relation between city and nature in the urbanity s plans from Natal RN, Brazil, during the 20th century. Investigates and analyses the main documents that bring environmental s ideas inside from the urbanity s plans of Natal; gives the historical and economical situation from the city in each period studied; features the urbanity s plans, using categories of analyses to comprehension of this instruments. Try to contribute in the bigger process of historical rescue of Natal, and stimulates new studies. It was used documental s research, and bibliographic material. It was identified four (04) kinds of plans: the ones that focus in health and aesthetic (1901, 1929, 1935) technology and science (1968), zoning and control (1974, 1984) and environment. The hints founded shows that environmental ideas were put inside of the plans by government demands, especially in 1994 s plan, almost always without popular contribution and without this population get understands its meanings and implications

Outorga onerosa do direito de construir e dinâmica do mercado imobiliário formal: planejamento e descaminhos na expansão urbana de Parnamirim RN (2008-2010)

The `Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir - OODC` (Public Concession of Building Rights), instrument instituted by The City Statute in 2001, has as main objective the recovery of urban property, seeking for a fair distribution the urbanization benefits. The possibility of usage of the OODC instrument is linked to the maximum utilization coefficient, determined to specific areas in accordance to existing infrastructure conditions, further taking into account the formal real estate market, expansion axis and crowding. Being an instrument which establishes values to be paid for a better use of land, it maintains a narrow relation to the real estate, incentivizing or discouraging the crowding in specific areas. The present study investigates the relationship between the criteria for the making of the Public Concession of Building Rights instrument and the dynamics of the formal real estate market. It takes as empiric universe Parnamirim (RN), part of the Natal Metropolitan Area (RN), focusing on the application of the OODC in the period of 2008-2010. It seeks to better understand the necessary basis for the formulation of the instrument, about how it works and its relation to the formal real estate market. It aims to depict the formal real estate market by presenting the production of urban space in Parnamirim in terms of intensity and nature of the real estate, furthermore identifying the licensed properties through the application of the municipality instrument. For the conclusion, it is discussed the criteria for the formation of OODC, its relationship to the dynamics of the formal real estate market and its influencing possibilities in the processes of usage and occupation of land in the context of urban planning

Desafios para a conquista do direito à moradia digna no assentamento Ilha

This booklet has been prepared from the actions for the university extension project entitled "Housing and Environment: building dialogue on urbanization of the settlement Ilha”. The study was conducted in a community located on the south end of the city of Almirante Tamandaré, among Barigui and Tanguá rivers. This project was conducted by a group of professors and students of the Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Curitiba. The main objective was to investigate ways of intervention in housing and urbanization of the settlement Ilha, for the regularization of their properties. However, throughout the project, the group found that regularization of this settlement was not possible, in view of the risk of flooding on site. Therefore, this booklet provides information about the area and the rivers in their surroundings, on the positive aspects of living there, brings the story of some struggles of residents for better living conditions, as well as suggestions of funding sources for facilitating a possible relocation of existing families.

Plano setorial: a construção de estratégias para implementação do plano diretor de Natal

The Sectoral Plan was inserted as an urban instrument in Master Plan of Natal (LC82/07), since then it has been deepened. It is guided to the equitable distribution of the benefits of urbanization, aimed the efetivation of the Right to the City and the Environmental function of property in the context of urban planning. Thereby, the Sectoral Plan was inserted into the perspective of promoting a favorable field for applying articulated of instruments defined in the Master Plan, and them with urban interventions, through the deepening of macrozoning - coming out of dimension of the city and going to a small fraction of the urban by reducing scaling - facilitating democratic management in accordance with the City Statute. However, the absence of regulation and the conceptual and operational fragility of the instrument, approached it of other existent experiences and instruments, limiting its application and evaluation. Considering the innovative nature of the instrument and the intense social participation, we inquire about conceptual and operational elements which could give greater effectiveness to Sector Plan in construction? Guided by that question, this dissertation aim to understand the nature and operational procedures of Sectoral Plan, seeking to do indications about the conceptual and operational aspects of implementing a Sector Plan. The neighborhood of Ponta Negra was selected as empirical universe because it was the first sector defined in the Master Plan. This research adopts reference authors who´s make reflection and insights about the matrix of Urban Reform, whose principles constitute the basis of the trajectory of revision of urban planning in Brazil since the 1980s, highlighting Raquel Rolnik, Nelson Saule Júnior and Orlando Alves dos Santos Júnior. For the local monitoring, we use the authors Alexsandro Ferreira Cardoso Silva, Rosa Maria Pinheiro Oliveira e Marise Costa da Souza Duarte, in order to understand the growth dynamics of Natal, lawfully and urbanistically

Clima urbano e vegetação: estudo analítico e prospectivo do Parque das Dunas em Natal

The present study deals with the relationship between urban vegetation and climate. The process whereby the Parque das Dunas a 1,172 ha green area in the city of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte exerts influence on the climate of the city is analyzed. The hypothesis on which the present work rests is that the green area referred to acts upon the climate of the city. The study is based on the analysis of climatic factors and elements of this green area and of the city of Natal. In order to give rise to final recommendations, a methodology grounded on a quantitative and qualitative standpoint has been used. The data were collected both within and without the limits of the Parque das Dunas area. Secondary and primary data resulting from the measurements taken by the researcher and her work group have been used. The aim was to contribute to the understanding of the influence of vegetation on the climate of a city having a warm and humid climate. A historical and environmental characterization of the Parque das Dunas was then sought. The local climatic factors and the elements of the climate have been studied within the scope of the city of Natal. A comparative study between the climatic elements within and without the limits of the Parque das Dunas area from the survey of technical data and the systematization of the information collected has been made, aiming at proposing a set of bioclimatic recommendations for the urban design in Natal. The results of such work allowed for the validation of the important role that the Parque das Dunas plays in the climate of Natal. This has led to the acknowledgement of the relevance of the green areas on the climate of cities. They bring about important benefits to the process of rendering agreeable the climate in the urban environment by providing pleasant microclimates that give a valuable contribution to the environmental comfort of urban nuclei having the same size of Natal

Representações sociais sobre educação ambiental e objetivações em práticas pedagógicas no ensino fundamental

This work presents results, reflections, conclusions and considerations about the research entitled "Social representations of environmental education and objectivations in teaching practices in elementary school ". She intended to make known research whose objectives were to know the current environmental education framework (EA) developed by the teachers of the early years of elementary school of that city; identify their social representations about EA and the ways in which these representations are objectified in their teaching practices. Thus, the methodology is characterized by the qualitative approach; whose data collection instruments were the Free Evocation Questionnaire (QEV), the semi-structured interviews and documentary research. The QEV consists of free recall questions and essay questions, whose data is quantitative and qualitative. Data from this instrument were analyzed according to the procedures of the Structural Approach to Theory of Social Representations. In turn, the analysis of data obtained through the interview and reading the documents followed the guidelines of the Content Analysis method. The theoretical and methodological basis of this research was the Theory of Social Representations and critical approach to environmental education. Thus, the results obtained in the investigation allowed us to identify the social representations of EA of participants; confirm that such representations are being targeted in their pedagogical practices that are characterized as conservative. Also confirm that the teaching documents of the surveyed network are in line with the official documents on EA; the AE actions developed in the network are referenced in the teaching documents of the network and in the official documents of EA and the EA practices of survey participants teachers relate directly with their social representations on Environmental Education.

Meio ambiente e planejamento: a relação cidade-natureza nos Planos Urbanísticos da cidade de Natal no século XX

This research studies the relation between city and nature in the urbanity s plans from Natal RN, Brazil, during the 20th century. Investigates and analyses the main documents that bring environmental s ideas inside from the urbanity s plans of Natal; gives the historical and economical situation from the city in each period studied; features the urbanity s plans, using categories of analyses to comprehension of this instruments. Try to contribute in the bigger process of historical rescue of Natal, and stimulates new studies. It was used documental s research, and bibliographic material. It was identified four (04) kinds of plans: the ones that focus in health and aesthetic (1901, 1929, 1935) technology and science (1968), zoning and control (1974, 1984) and environment. The hints founded shows that environmental ideas were put inside of the plans by government demands, especially in 1994 s plan, almost always without popular contribution and without this population get understands its meanings and implications

Outorga onerosa do direito de construir e dinâmica do mercado imobiliário formal: planejamento e descaminhos na expansão urbana de Parnamirim RN (2008-2010)

The `Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir - OODC` (Public Concession of Building Rights), instrument instituted by The City Statute in 2001, has as main objective the recovery of urban property, seeking for a fair distribution the urbanization benefits. The possibility of usage of the OODC instrument is linked to the maximum utilization coefficient, determined to specific areas in accordance to existing infrastructure conditions, further taking into account the formal real estate market, expansion axis and crowding. Being an instrument which establishes values to be paid for a better use of land, it maintains a narrow relation to the real estate, incentivizing or discouraging the crowding in specific areas. The present study investigates the relationship between the criteria for the making of the Public Concession of Building Rights instrument and the dynamics of the formal real estate market. It takes as empiric universe Parnamirim (RN), part of the Natal Metropolitan Area (RN), focusing on the application of the OODC in the period of 2008-2010. It seeks to better understand the necessary basis for the formulation of the instrument, about how it works and its relation to the formal real estate market. It aims to depict the formal real estate market by presenting the production of urban space in Parnamirim in terms of intensity and nature of the real estate, furthermore identifying the licensed properties through the application of the municipality instrument. For the conclusion, it is discussed the criteria for the formation of OODC, its relationship to the dynamics of the formal real estate market and its influencing possibilities in the processes of usage and occupation of land in the context of urban planning

Plano setorial: a construção de estratégias para implementação do plano diretor de Natal

The Sectoral Plan was inserted as an urban instrument in Master Plan of Natal (LC82/07), since then it has been deepened. It is guided to the equitable distribution of the benefits of urbanization, aimed the efetivation of the Right to the City and the Environmental function of property in the context of urban planning. Thereby, the Sectoral Plan was inserted into the perspective of promoting a favorable field for applying articulated of instruments defined in the Master Plan, and them with urban interventions, through the deepening of macrozoning - coming out of dimension of the city and going to a small fraction of the urban by reducing scaling - facilitating democratic management in accordance with the City Statute. However, the absence of regulation and the conceptual and operational fragility of the instrument, approached it of other existent experiences and instruments, limiting its application and evaluation. Considering the innovative nature of the instrument and the intense social participation, we inquire about conceptual and operational elements which could give greater effectiveness to Sector Plan in construction? Guided by that question, this dissertation aim to understand the nature and operational procedures of Sectoral Plan, seeking to do indications about the conceptual and operational aspects of implementing a Sector Plan. The neighborhood of Ponta Negra was selected as empirical universe because it was the first sector defined in the Master Plan. This research adopts reference authors who´s make reflection and insights about the matrix of Urban Reform, whose principles constitute the basis of the trajectory of revision of urban planning in Brazil since the 1980s, highlighting Raquel Rolnik, Nelson Saule Júnior and Orlando Alves dos Santos Júnior. For the local monitoring, we use the authors Alexsandro Ferreira Cardoso Silva, Rosa Maria Pinheiro Oliveira e Marise Costa da Souza Duarte, in order to understand the growth dynamics of Natal, lawfully and urbanistically

Clima urbano e vegetação: estudo analítico e prospectivo do Parque das Dunas em Natal

The present study deals with the relationship between urban vegetation and climate. The process whereby the Parque das Dunas a 1,172 ha green area in the city of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte exerts influence on the climate of the city is analyzed. The hypothesis on which the present work rests is that the green area referred to acts upon the climate of the city. The study is based on the analysis of climatic factors and elements of this green area and of the city of Natal. In order to give rise to final recommendations, a methodology grounded on a quantitative and qualitative standpoint has been used. The data were collected both within and without the limits of the Parque das Dunas area. Secondary and primary data resulting from the measurements taken by the researcher and her work group have been used. The aim was to contribute to the understanding of the influence of vegetation on the climate of a city having a warm and humid climate. A historical and environmental characterization of the Parque das Dunas was then sought. The local climatic factors and the elements of the climate have been studied within the scope of the city of Natal. A comparative study between the climatic elements within and without the limits of the Parque das Dunas area from the survey of technical data and the systematization of the information collected has been made, aiming at proposing a set of bioclimatic recommendations for the urban design in Natal. The results of such work allowed for the validation of the important role that the Parque das Dunas plays in the climate of Natal. This has led to the acknowledgement of the relevance of the green areas on the climate of cities. They bring about important benefits to the process of rendering agreeable the climate in the urban environment by providing pleasant microclimates that give a valuable contribution to the environmental comfort of urban nuclei having the same size of Natal

OS CONFLITOS NA PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO URBANO DE VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA - BAHIA - BRASIL E A PROBLEMÁTICA AMBIENTAL: O FALSO MITO DAS ENCOSTAS E BAIXADAS

A produção do espaço urbano tem na sua essência as marcas sociedade que o produz.  O espaço é uma expressão material do processo de apropriação da natureza pela sociedade através da atuação de classes sociais distintas, portanto essa espacialização também representará as contradições e desigualdades sociais, características da sociedade capitalista. O presente trabalho analisa a produção desigual do espaço urbano de Vitória da Conquista, resultado do processo de apropriação diferenciado do espaço, sobremodo das áreas de risco ambiental que não são valorizadas e especuladas pelo setor imobiliário, sendo então ocupadas pelas classes sociais excluídas e desprovidas de recursos. A pesquisa está sendo realizada a partir de leituras que contemplem os temas da urbanização, produção do espaço e problemática ambiental. Como metodologia tem–se utilizado pesquisa documental em arquivos públicos e bibliotecas municipais, levantamento de dados pluviométricos, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas com moradores das referidas áreas. Tem-se concluindo que, para compreender e analisar as questões de ordem ambiental. É essencial conhecer e estudar os aspectos sociais e econômicos, tendo em vista que as pessoas que sofrem com os problemas ambientais foram historicamente negadas e excluídas do direito a cidade, sobretudo, da garantia de habitação digna e segura.

CRITÉRIOS PARA A CRIAÇÃO DE UMA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIEN-TAL NA BAIXADA DE JACAREPAGUÁ (RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL)

A Baixada de Jacarepaguá é área da cidade do Rio de Janeiro de extensa planície circundada nas laterais por dois maciços (Tijuca e Pedra Branca) e que apresenta expressivo complexo lagunar. Na sua base localiza-se, ainda, uma faixa de praia do litoral atlântico. Ali se têm áreas úmidas, mangues, faixas de restinga e florestas.  Dos bairros que a compõem, Jacarepaguá tem urbanização consolidada, ao passo que a Barra da Tijuca e o Recreio dos Bandeirantes conjugam em sua urbanização dispersa grandes condomínios fechados, shopping centers, baixa provisão de infraestrutura e bolsões de pobreza. Vargem Grande, Vargem Pequena e Camorim, ainda que com baixíssima densidade, têm expressivo déficit infraestrutural, possuem muitas ocupações irregulares e sofrem ação de milicianos.  Diante de tais pressões urbanas, o trabalho visa a propor e discutir os critérios para se criar no sítio uma Área de Proteção Ambiental e Recuperação Urbana (APARU), modalidade presente na legislação urbanística carioca, levando-se em conta aspectos jurídico-políticos, sociais, geobiofísicos e arquitetônico-urbanísticos.

A VULNERABILIDADE ESPACIAL CLIMÀTICA NA CIDADE DE AQUIDAUANA –MS/BRASIL

O crescimento desordenado e acelerado das cidades associado a concentração populacional e suporte de planejamento frágil, conflitos institucionais e tecnológicos, tem provocado uma diversidade de transformações no ambiente urbano. A cidade representa um meio adaptado às necessidades específicas dos agentes sociais que modelam este espaço, porque o meio está organizado para permitir sua reprodução, criando assim condições específicas de padrões de uso do solo urbano evidenciando desastres naturais quando associado aos aspectos geoecológicos do sítio e ao processo de ocupação e transformação do espaço aliado à situação socioeconômica da população. A cidade de Aquidauana é banhada pelo rio de mesmo nome e deu início ao processo de expansão urbana às suas margens, sendo estas ocupadas até os dias atuais por parte da população. Este fator provocou significativas modificações na paisagem natural evidenciando muitos dos problemas socioambientais na atualidade, como as enchentes e inundações. Para alcançar os objetivos dessa temática foram realizados trabalhos cartográficos com auxílio do software de desenho Auto CAD, levantamento de dados e análise dos elementos climáticos na área de estudo, coleta de dados sobre os atendimentos às inundações realizados pelo Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Mato Grosso do Sul/1º Subgrupamento de Bombeiros de Aquidauana, e concatenação de notícias da imprensa escrita local, representada pelo Jornal “O Pantaneiro”, sobre os eventos climáticos extremos ocorridos em Aquidauana-MS, além de visitas a campo nos locais sujeitos a inundações durante o período chuvoso. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que o aumento das inundações está relacionado ao acelerado processo de urbanização aliado à ineficácia do planejamento urbano. Os fatores que contribuem para aumentar a ocorrência de inundações destacam-se as impermeabilizações do solo, a ocupação desordenada das margens do rio, o aumento do nível do rio Aquidauana, o sistema de drenagem deficitário. Sugere-se para amenizar a ocorrência das inundações, mapeamento dos espaços atingidos na área urbana e investimentos em planejamento urbano.

ELEMENTOS GEOCOLÓGICOS E GEOURBANOS DE SÃO SEPÉ-RS, BRASIL: CONDICIONANTES PARA ESTUDO DO CLIMA URBANO

No município de São Sepé, localizado no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil quase 80% da população residem na área urbana (IBGE, 2010). Torna-se importante, dessa forma, o reconhecimento do espaço urbano, cuja estrutura e conformação podem causar alterações no clima local, caracterizando o clima urbano. Foram elaborados documentos cartográficos que permitiram caracterizar o sítio urbano (aspectos geoecológicos), a estrutura e a função urbana (aspectos geourbanos). A partir da análise integrada das cartas geomorfológica, de declividade, orientação de vertentes, uso da terra e uso do solo urbano nota-se o maior adensamento de construções e impermeabilização do solo na área central da cidade (área comercial), o que diminui nas áreas de uso misto (comercial e residencial), residencial e industrial. Em alguns bairros residenciais, porém, nota-se a ausência de áreas verdes, o que pode prejudicar o conforto térmico da população.  Observa-se também a ocupação irregular e a ausência de mata ciliar ao longo dos canais fluviais que percorrem a área urbana. Impactos relacionados a urbanização já são notados, tais como as inundações. Nesse sentido devem ser tomadas medidas que atenuem os impactos atuais ao mesmo tempo em que estratégias de planejamento urbano devem ser priorizadas para que sejam evitados problemas futuros.